Download or read book Inflation and Monetary Policy in Estonia written by Bank of Estonia and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-06-21 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Republic of Estonia: Selected Issues
Download or read book Inflation and Monetary Policy in Estonia written by Eesti Pank (Tallinn) and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1999-08-18 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper and Statistical Appendix analyzes the progress made by Estonia since independence. It takes stock of the developments in the banking system and describes how the number of banks in Estonia has been reduced through a series of bankruptcies and mergers from 41 in 1992 to 5 by end 1998. The paper explores nonbank financial sector developments. The paper also describes a composite index of coincidence indicators and tests how well it has tracked recent developments in Estonia.
Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-12-14 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper analyzes income convergence and medium-term growth potential for Estonia. Estonia’s potential growth is projected to average some 3 percent over the next five years and 2.75 percent over the next two decades, implying continued income convergence with European Union levels, albeit at only half its historical pace. A number of policy enhancements could lift growth above this central projection. These include a greater operational policy focus on raising productivity growth, scaling up a number of envisaged pro-growth programs, supporting the upgrading of traditional industries as a second leg of innovation policy, and fully restoring Estonia’s high investment.
Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-09-02 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estonia’s economy is vulnerable to the fallout from the war in Ukraine given its geographical proximity to Russia, the geopolitical context, and high passthrough from global energy prices to domestic inflation. Although direct exposures to Russia and Ukraine through trade, services, and financial channels appear to be contained, the war is already significantly affecting economic confidence. Nevertheless, economic activity has progressively adapted to the pandemic, rebounding strongly in 2021, and as of mid-2022, remaining resilient to the headwinds from the war. Inflation has surged into double digits and is increasingly broad-based.
Download or read book The Estonian Currency Board written by Adalbert Knöbl and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2002-05 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the history of the introduction of the Estonian kroon under a currency board arrangement. On June 20, 1992, Estonia became the first country from the former Soviet Union to abandon the Russian ruble and introduce its own currency. The paper looks at the factors behind this decision and discusses the implementation of the currency reform. It then assesses the economic impact of the reform and also compares Estonia's experience with that of its Baltic neighbors. It concludes that although the currency board arrangement made an important contribution to the early success of Estonia's economic stabilization and reform program, the underlying financial and structural policies were crucial for that success.
Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-07-28 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estonia has made remarkable progress over the past two decades, achieving steady convergence towards more advanced EU economies. However, signs of erosion in external performance have emerged in recent years, reflecting rapid growth in unit labor cost and real exchange rate appreciation. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine triggered a large rise in inflation, supply chain disruptions and slower growth in key trading partners in the Baltic region. In Estonia, these developments, combined with fiscal tightening in 2022, have led to a sharp economic downturn, while deceleration in productivity has exacerbated competitiveness erosion.
Download or read book Estonia written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1996-09-16 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper assesses the economic recovery in Estonia that began in 1994 and accelerated in 1995, highlighting the extent to which the pattern of production has changed since the beginning of the transition in 1992, the factors that made the decline in output inevitable early on, and the sound policies that made an early recovery possible. The paper lists the policy requisites to maintain, and indeed strengthen, the growth momentum. The paper also analyzes Estonia’s experience with declining but persisting inflation since the introduction of the currency board in 1992.
Download or read book The Operation of the Estonian Currency Board written by Adam Bennett and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estonia has succeeded in reducing its macroeconomic imbalances and vulnerabilities, but faces the challenge of preserving its hard-earned fiscal and financial stability and enhancing long-term growth prospects. In this regard, adopting a fully fledged medium-term fiscal framework can help assess policy trade-offs and avoid procyclical policies. Financial sector stability can be safeguarded by strengthening macroprudential policies. Deeper Nordic-Baltic cross-border prudential arrangements and the EU banking union can enhance financial stability. Estonia needs to safeguard its external competitiveness, address skill mismatches, and accelerate human capital accumulation.
Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys Estonia 2019 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2019-12-17 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estonia’s economy continues to perform well, and growing incomes support well-being. However, the expansion has peaked, and growth is set to soften due to weak international demand. Prudent fiscal policy has resulted in low debt, but spending pressures related to meeting infrastructure needs and ageing are mounting. Old age poverty is high and the proposal to allow early withdrawal of pension funds threatens macroeconomic stability and pension adequacy. The gender wage gap is among the highest in the OECD, and inequalities in income and health are considerable, reflecting gaps in the social safety net. The oil-shale sector is highly energy-intensive and is the main culprit behind Estonia’s high greenhouse gas emissions, but reducing dependence on the sector is challenging, as it is an important employer and meets 70% of Estonia’s energy needs.
Download or read book Breaking Away from Russia written by Jaak Valge and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2006-11-29 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estonia’s commitment to free markets and prudent financial policies has paid off handsomely. Demand pressures and rapid productivity growth have produced strong wage increases and large employment gains. Inflation, while moderate for a fast-converging economy, remains above the Maastricht threshold, and has been pushed up in recent months by rises in nontraded goods prices. Estonia’s economic growth has supported—and been supported by—rapid credit growth, financed increasingly by resource transfers from Nordic banking groups to Estonian affiliates. The macroeconomic impact of EU funds is needed.
Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2007-07-30 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Republic of Estonia’s 2007 Article IV Consultation reports that surging domestic demand has widened the external current account deficit and pushed the economy against capacity constraints. Wage increases have begun to erode competitiveness and kept inflation above the Maastricht threshold for euro adoption. There are signs of an incipient slowdown, but a resurgence of demand and an eventual hard landing, with growth stagnating, cannot be ruled out. A strong fiscal stance is needed to subdue wage and income expectations and improve the odds of a soft landing.
Download or read book Diverging Inflation in Eurozone Countries Current challenges and future prospects of the monetary union written by Moritz Ritter and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2022-09-27 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2022 in the subject Economics - Other, grade: 1,00, Vienna University of Economics and Business , language: English, abstract: This paper aims at answering the question why inflationary dynamics vary so much within the same currency union. What challenges does this impose on the common monetary policy makers at the European Central Bank in Frankfurt, Germany? Rising price levels are back and are currently endangering the strong post-pandemic economic recovery. In the last months, inflation in eurozone countries has reached levels unprecedented for decades. This raises new challenges for monetary policy makers, when it comes to carefully assessing monetary policies future path, facing a potential tradeoff between safeguarding the post pandemic economic recovery and ensuring that inflation does not surge further. When analyzing current inflation numbers in eurozone it is conspicuous to see, that two countries diverge significantly: France and Estonia. Frances’s inflation of May 2022 was at 5.8%, whereas Estonia’s price levels have risen 20.1% compared to the previous year, almost four times as much as Frances’s price levels. But why is Inflation rising again? What are the fundamental reasons for such a significant divergence within Eurozone countries? Why does France seem to handle inflation so much better than Estonia?
Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2000-07-10 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economic recovery seems to be firmly established, supported by strengthened domestic private demand. The Bank of Estonia (BoE) is committed to maintaining the currency board until the euro becomes Estonia's official currency. The compliance with the Basel Core Principles (BCP) has improved and is now high. Monetary and financial policies are transparent. Financial sector assessment program recommendations have been integrated into the government's work program. Good progress is being made in the implementation of the structural reform agenda, including the privatization of major infrastructure companies.
