Download or read book Inflammation and Retinal Disease Complement Biology and Pathology written by John D. Lambris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-14 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous studies have pointed to the key role of complement in the pathogenesis of retinal disease, particularly age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Reports about new gene associations and links to other physiological pathways are emerging almost on a weekly base. Several promising clinical candidates covering a wide area of potential treatment applications are in the pipelines of both industrial and academic groups. This indicates an increasing interest in complement as a therapeutic target. In view of these exciting discoveries, scientists from around the world convened at the First Aegean Conferences Conference on Inflammation and Retinal Disease: Complement Biology and Pathology (June 10–17, 2007) in Crete, Greece, to discuss recent advances in this rapidly-evolving field. This volume represents a collection of topics on the functions of complement in eye diseases, pathophysiology, protein structures, and complement therapeutics discussed during the conference. Our sincere thanks to the contributing authors for the time and effort they have devoted to writing what I consider exceptionally informative chapters in a book that will have a significant impact on the complement field. We would also like to express my thanks to Rodanthi Lambris for her assistance in collating the chapters and preparing the documents for publication and I gratefully acknowledge the generous help provided by Dimitrios Lambris in managing the organization of this meeting. Finally, I also thank Andrea Macaluso of Springer Publishers for her supervision in this book’s production. John D. Lambris Anthony P.
Download or read book Inflammation and Retinal Disease written by and published by . This book was released on 2011-04-11 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inflammation and Retinal Disease Complement Biology and Pathology written by John D. Lambris and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-08-25 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous studies have pointed to the key role of complement in the pathogenesis of retinal disease, particularly age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Reports about new gene associations and links to other physiological pathways are emerging almost on a weekly base. Several promising clinical candidates covering a wide area of potential treatment applications are in the pipelines of both industrial and academic groups. This indicates an increasing interest in complement as a therapeutic target. In view of these exciting discoveries, scientists from around the world convened at the First Aegean Conferences Conference on Inflammation and Retinal Disease: Complement Biology and Pathology (June 10–17, 2007) in Crete, Greece, to discuss recent advances in this rapidly-evolving field. This volume represents a collection of topics on the functions of complement in eye diseases, pathophysiology, protein structures, and complement therapeutics discussed during the conference. Our sincere thanks to the contributing authors for the time and effort they have devoted to writing what I consider exceptionally informative chapters in a book that will have a significant impact on the complement field. We would also like to express my thanks to Rodanthi Lambris for her assistance in collating the chapters and preparing the documents for publication and I gratefully acknowledge the generous help provided by Dimitrios Lambris in managing the organization of this meeting. Finally, I also thank Andrea Macaluso of Springer Publishers for her supervision in this book’s production. John D. Lambris Anthony P.
Download or read book Chronic Inflammation and Neurodegeneration in Retinal Disease written by Settimio Rossi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-12-21 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We would like to acknowledge and thank Francesco Petrillo, Carlo Gesualdo, Chiara Bianca Maria Platania and Maria Consiglia Trottafor their support on the collection’s Editorial article.
Download or read book Retinal Immunobiology and Retinopathy written by Andrew W. Taylor and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-10-20 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topic Editor Andrew Taylor has a sponsored research agreement and is a consultant with Palatin Technologies Inc. in Cranbury, New Jersey. All other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regards to the Research Topic subject.
Download or read book Studies on Retinal and Choroidal Disorders written by Robert D. Stratton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-17 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies on Retinal and Choroidal Disorders examines the role that oxidative and nitrosative stress plays in the complex physiology and pathophysiology of the retina and choroid. Both the basic science researcher and the clinical practitioner can use this book as a guide to the current understanding of retinal and choroidal cellular mechanisms involved in aging and disease. Beginning with a review of oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathoetiology of AMD and a review of the complement system in the retina, the book then takes a detailed look at oxidative stress in lipid metabolism and oxidized lipoproteins in the retina. It examines the anti-apoptotic activity of α-crystallins in the presence of glutathione, oxidative stress in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, the role of iron in retinal disease, the mechanisms of pathological VEGF expression, NAPDH oxidase mechanisms, and Hepatocyte Growth Factor in oxidative stress in the retina. A detailed look at the Ccl2-/-/Cx3cr1-/- mouse model of AMD follows. Then a detailed examination of the systemic changes in AMD is followed by a discussion of cerium oxide nanoparticle reduction of oxidative stress. Two chapters discuss progenitor cells in the cause and treatment of retinal diseases including AMD and diabetic retinopathy. Natural compounds in the prevention and treatment of retinal diseases are exhaustively presented, followed by a chapter on serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonists in oxidative stress of the retina. The current anti-VEGF treatment strategies of neovascular AMD are then given. The volume continues with a detailed look at nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase in retinal vascular disease, an explanation of an in vivo technique of studying the effect of lipid hydroperoxides on circulating leucocytes in the retina, an excellent review of oxidative stress in retinopathy of prematurity, and a look at VEGF induced oxidative stress in the retinal ganglion cell. The book ends with a detail examination of the role of carotenoids in retinal health and disease. These 31 chapters summarize what is known about oxidative stress in retinal and choroidal disorders. All those involved with degenerative diseases of the eye will find Studies on Retinal and Choroidal Disorders to be illuminating and comprehensive.
Download or read book Systemic Inflammatory Disease and the Eye written by W. J. Dinning and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2016-08-19 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systemic Inflammatory Disease and the Eye present an overview of the systemic conditions associated with ocular inflammation. It discusses the factors for ocular connection in some conditions. It addresses the nature of ocular lesions and eye infections. Some of the topics covered in the book are the symptoms of inflammation of the eye; the aetiology of sarcoidosis; posterior segment inflammation; pathology and immunology of systemic vasculitis syndromes; aetiology of polyarteritis nodosa; diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus; and the different types of Sjogren's syndrome. The pathology and immunopathology of Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca are fully covered. The diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is discussed in detail. The text describes in depth the rheumatoid factors and histopathology of joint lesions. The diagnosis of juvenile chronic polyarthritis is presented completely. A chapter is devoted to the epidemiology and clinical features of ankylosing spondylitis. The book can provide useful information to ophthalmologists, doctors, chemists, students, and researchers.
Download or read book Retinal Degenerative Diseases written by John D. Ash and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-24 with total page 841 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will contain the proceedings of the XV International Symposium on Retinal Degeneration (RD2012). A majority of those who will speak and present posters at the meeting will contribute to this volume. The blinding diseases of inherited retinal degenerations have no treatments, and age-related macular degeneration has no cures, despite the fact that it is an epidemic among the elderly, with 1 in 3-4 affected by the age of 70. The RD Symposium will focus on the exciting new developments aimed at understanding these diseases and providing therapies for them. Since most major scientists in the field of retinal degenerations attend the biennial RD Symposia, they are known by most as the “best” and “most important” meetings in the field. The volume will present representative state-of-the-art research in almost all areas of retinal degenerations, ranging from cytopathologic, physiologic, diagnostic and clinical aspects; animal models; mechanisms of cell death; candidate genes, cloning, mapping and other aspects of molecular genetics; and developing potential therapeutic measures such as gene therapy and neuroprotective agents for potential pharmaceutical therapy. While advances in these areas of retinal degenerations will be described, there will be many new topics that either were in their infancy or did not exist at the time of the last RD Symposium, RD2010. These include the role of inflammation and immunity, as well as other basic mechanisms, in age-related macular degeneration, several new aspects of gene therapy, and revolutionary new imaging and functional testing that will have a huge impact on the diagnosis and following the course of retinal degenerations, as well as to provide new quantitative endpoints for clinical trials. The retina is an approachable part of the central nervous system (CNS), and there is a major interest in neuroprotective and gene therapy for CNS diseases and neurodegenerations, in general. It should be noted that with successful and exciting initial clinical trials in neuroprotective and gene therapy, including the restoration of sight in blind children, the retinal degeneration therapies are leading the way towards new therapeutic measures for neurodegenerations of the CNS. Many of the successes recently reported in these areas of retinal degeneration sprang from collaborations established at previous RD Symposia, and many of those will be reported at the RD2010 meeting and included in the proposed volume. We anticipate the excitement of those working in the field and those afflicted with retinal degenerations will be reflected in the volume.
Download or read book Immunology Inflammation and Diseases of the Eye written by Darlene A. Dartt and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-02-26 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This selection of articles from the Encyclopedia of the Eye provides a comprehensive overview of immunological features, diseases and inflammation of the eye and its support structures and organs. Rather than taking an immunological focus that is strictly suitable for clinicians, the volume offers a considerable basic science background and addresses a broad range of topics - the immune system of the eye, its various disorders, mechanisms of inflammation of the eye and visual system, treatment, wound healing mechanisms, stem cells, and more. - The first single volume to integrate comparative studies into a comprehensive resource on the neuroscience of ocular immunology - Chapters are carefully selected from the Encyclopedia of the Eye by the world's leading vision researchers - The best researchers in the field provide their conclusions in the context of the latest experimental results
Download or read book Retinal Degenerative Diseases written by Robert E. Anderson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-17 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: none
Download or read book Chronic Inflammation and Neurodegeneration in Retinal Disease Volume II written by Settimio Rossi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-06-27 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Macrophages Cytokines and Complement as Therapeutic Targets in Retinal Degeneration written by Nilisha Elizabeth Fernando and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness amongst the Western population, with an annual cost of 350 billion dollars worldwide. This disease affects a specialised region in the central retina, the macula, where photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells begin to degenerate upon the onset of AMD. In the more prevalent atrophic or 'dry' form of AMD, gradual photoreceptor and RPE cell death leads to the formation of an expanding retinal lesion, which causes irreversible blindness over time. Although AMD pathogenesis involves multiple genetic and environmental factors, it is well understood that inflammation is highly implicated in disease progression. The recruitment of retinal microglia and macrophages, the production of cytokines and chemokines, and the deposition of complement system components are key features of atrophic AMD.This thesis identifies retinal microglia and macrophages as therapeutic targets for slowing the progression of retinal degenerations such as AMD. In these studies, a rodent model of photo-oxidative damage is used, which recapitulates features of atrophic AMD including oxidative stress, inflammation and photoreceptor cell loss. This thesis first provides a further understanding of the role of microglia and macrophages in contributing to chronic complement activation and photoreceptor death in the degenerating retina. It is shown that locally-derived complement component 3 (C3) is a major contributor to the progression of retinal degeneration, and that microglia and macrophages are the primary source of retinal C3, in both rodent retinal degeneration and human AMD. The recruitment of microglia and macrophages in retinal diseases is caused by increased chemokine signalling. It is demonstrated in this thesis that the use of a broad spectrum chemokine inhibitor (NR58-3.14.3) is able to ameliorate the accumulation of microglia and macrophages in the outer retina, protecting the photoreceptors from further damage. Finally, it is shown that interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), a strong pro-inflammatory cytokine, is primarily produced by microglia and macrophages in retinal degeneration. Using therapeutic strategies to neutralise or inhibit IL-1ß signalling, it is found that there is a decrease in both macrophage recruitment and photoreceptor loss. Collectively, these three studies implicate a major role for retinal microglia and macrophages in contributing to pro-inflammatory cytokine production and complement synthesis. This thesis demonstrates the therapeutic value of targeting microglia and macrophages as a strategy for reducing inflammation and photoreceptor loss in retinal degenerations including AMD.
Download or read book Recent Advances In Retinal Degeneration written by Robert E. Anderson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-03 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The product of perhaps the most important research meeting in the field, this essential text outlines all the latest research in retinal degeneration. Culled from the proceedings of the International Symposium on the subject, the topics in this volume explore the etiology, cellular mechanisms, epidemiology, models and potential therapeutic measures for the blinding diseases of retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration. A must-read for researchers in the field.
Download or read book Therapies for Retinal Degeneration written by Enrique J de la Rosa and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-09-13 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sight loss and blindness is a very prevalent cause of disability. Retinal diseases leading to visual loss affect many people worldwide and the search for adequate drugs remains a challenge and an important area of interest in the drug discovery field. This book addresses approaches to the treatment of retinal diseases, targeting common processes and components. Despite their causative origins, which comprise genetic dystrophies, age-related degenerations, as well as pathologies associated with other diseases, a neurodegenerative component appears, sooner or later, in the course of the disease. As is the case for most neurodegenerative diseases, the available treatments are far from satisfactory. The aim of this book is to highlight research and drug development efforts in targeting such common processes as a potential path to provide treatments to the millions of affected people.
Download or read book Characterising the Role of Choroidal Inflammation in Retinal Diseases written by Swathi Kanduri and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Age related macular degeneration (AMD) and Diabetic retinopathy (DR) are the leading causes of blindness in developed countries. These are diseases with early and late stages that allow application of therapeutic treatments if early stages of these diseases were clinically identified. However, AMD and DR are clinically evident only when there is visible damage to the retina despite onset of pathology may have occurred years before clinical manifestation. In common, these diseases have inflammation and vascular changes as the pathological mechanisms. Preliminary evidence from our lab suggest that the pathology may be visible in the choroid at early stages. However, the role of the choroid in the progression of these diseases and how changes there affect the retina is still unclear. This study aimed to document changes occurring in the choroid in AMD and DR using human donor tissues received by the New Zealand National Eye Bank. The analysis consisted of the clinical and molecular validation of donor tissues for the study of the pathologies. Fundus camera and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system were used to obtain images of the posterior segment in the ex vivo human eye. Typical ocular lesions were haemorrhages, drusen, and pigment deposits. The lesions were confirmed using histology and immunohistochemical assays that showed retinal thinning, activated microglia, Müller cell hyper-reactivity, leukocyte recruitment and choroidal endothelial cell changes. The analysis showed that choroidal blood vessel changes were mainly evident in late stages of AMD and DR, but inflammation was occurring earlier although increasing in later stages. To quantify the vascular changes occurring in the AMD and DR choroids, a computerised hybrid algorithm was used to detect the edge of the blood vessels. The quantitative evaluation revealed that with age there was a decrease in the density of choroidal blood vessels. To confirm these changes anatomically, critical point dried human donor choroids were investigated using three-dimensional scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Loss of blood vessel density was directly correlated with progression of age but there was a more prominent loss in laser treated DR eyes where blood vessels were obliterated. In the AMD choroid, blood vessel loss was more prominent in specific quadrants suggesting that macular degeneration starts with choriocapillaris loss. There were also changes in cell structure and blood vessels surrounding laser treated areas in both AMD and DR eyes. Biomarkers of inflammation were employed to study the inflammatory pathway in AMD and DR. A significant increase in the expression of inflammatory cytokines, inflammasome markers, vascular and angiogenic factors along with leukocyte and monocyte accumulation was detected in the choroid in late stages AMD and DR. This increased gene expression was associated at protein level with significantly increased microglia, Müller cell activity, endothelial cell changes, leukocyte recruitment and release of growth factors confirmed using Western blotting. These findings indicate that in both diseases, choroid bed vessel loss plays a vital role in the progression of these retinal pathologies, but mainly apparent at later stages. However, inflammation was apparent even during early stages of both diseases, and significantly increasing in the later stages. This was especially apparent the choroid where expression of inflammatory markers was most significant. The data supports the theory that upregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway may trigger pro-inflammatory cytokine release and macrophage recruitment at the site of inflammation which later leads to angiogenesis and leakage of blood vessels typical of these disease indications.
Download or read book Eye Pathology written by Steffen Heegaard and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-10 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive, in-depth, and up-to-date resource on eye pathology that will be of great practical value for ophthalmic and general pathologists and ophthalmologists. Congenital abnormalities, inflammatory conditions, infections, injuries, degenerative diseases, and tumors are all covered with the aid of more than 700 images. In the case of tumors, the wide variety of neoplasms that occur in the eyelid, conjunctiva, retina, uveal tract, lacrimal gland and sac, orbit, and optic nerve are comprehensively reviewed, and the most recent knowledge on the relation between genetics and prognosis is presented. Entries on specific diseases are organized in a standard way, with information on etiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathological characteristics, differential diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis. The authors are all recognized experts and members of the European and American ophthalmic pathology societies.
Download or read book Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine in Ophthalmology written by Stephen Tsang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-09 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patient specific and disease specific stem cell lines have already introduced groundbreaking advances into the research and practice of ophthalmology. This volume provides a comprehensive and engaging overview of the latest innovations in the field. Twelve chapters discuss the fastest growing areas in ophthalmological stem cell research, from disease modelling, drug screening and gene targeting to clinical genetics and regenerative treatments. Innovative results from stem cell research of the past decade are pointing the way toward practicable treatments for retinitis pigmentosa, age related macular degeneration, and Stargardt disease. What future directions will stem cell research take? Researchers, graduate students, and fellows alike will find food for thought in this insightful guide tapping into the collective knowledge of leaders in the field. Stem Cells in Ophthalmology is part of the Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine series dedicated to discussing current challenges and future directions in stem cell research.
