Download or read book Inferring the Intentions and Attentions of Agents from Videos written by Dan Xie and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decades, the goal of computer vision, as coined by Marr, is to compute what are where by looking. The paradigm has guided the geometry-based approaches in the 1980s-1990s and appearance-based methods in the past years. Despite of the remarkable progress in recognizing objects, actions, and scenes by using large data sets, better designed features, and machine learning techniques, performances in complex tasks are still far from being satisfactory. One example is the first accident caused by Google's self-driving car in Feb 2016, the accident happened despite the fact that the car's 360-degree sensors likely saw the bus coming, the software made a wrong assumption that the bus behind would yield. Therefore, it can be seen that some complex computer vision tasks cannot be solved by the visible appearance alone. The goal of this thesis is to look for a bigger picture to model and reason the missing dimensions, the mind of agents. By borrowing the powerful concept ``dark matter'' from Physics, we call this area as ``dark vision''. In this thesis, the mind of agents is inferred in spatial and temporal domain jointly. The framework including spatial reasoning in multi-scale space, and temporal reasoning in both observed story in the past and unseen events in the future. 1) Intention means the mind of an agent about the future plan. Dark matter corresponds to entities which are unfeasible to recognize by visual appearances. This includes, not exclusively, i) status of an agent (human, animals or robot)'s goals and intents, like hungry, thirsty, which trigger actions; and ii) attraction relations between an object (like food) and an agent (hungry). Therefore, functional objects can be viewed as ``dark matter'', emanating ``dark energy'' that affects people's trajectories in the video. A Bayesian framework is used to probabilistically model: people's trajectories and intents, constraint map of the scene, and locations of functional objects. 2) Attention represents the mind of an agent at current time. Gaze refers to the location where a person is looking, and attention purpose explains why a person is looking at that location, e.g., to locate a cup. The method in this thesis computes not only human gaze locations in 3D space, but also attention purpose categories in task-driven actions. The human gaze and attention are decomposed into relations among human skeletons, objects, and human gazes in spatial-temporal domain. Such relations are represented by a stochastic graph learned by maximum likelihood estimation in a supervised way. 3) A further step is to discover invisible relations in group activities. This thesis parses low-resolution aerial videos of large spatial areas, in terms of 1) grouping, 2) recognizing events and 3) assigning roles to people engaged in events. A spatiotemporal And-Or graph framework is proposed to conduct joint inference of the above tasks. This thesis also presents a three-layered And-Or graph to jointly model group activities, individual actions, and participating objects, which not only avoids running a multitude of detectors at all spatiotemporal scales, but also arrives at a holistically consistent video interpretation. Of course, it is well-known that vision is an inverse, ill-posed problem where only the pixels are seen directly and anything else are hidden / latent. The concept of darkness is perpendicular to, and richer than, the meaning of latent / hidden used in vision and probabilistic modeling. It is a measure of the relative difficulty in inferring an entity or relation from the appearance. In computer vision, the literature addresses these dark entities and relations by a lump sum concept: it is context! But what is a formal definition of context? How many types of context are there? How information is passed between entities through context? The literature lacks an explicit and principled framework for joint representation and joint inference. This thesis proposes a framework to explore these ``dark'' dimensions of mind in an explicit manner.
Download or read book Sensorimotor Cognition and Natural Language Syntax written by Alistair Knott and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-11-02 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A proposal that the syntactic structure of a sentence reporting a concrete episode in the world can be interpreted as a description of the sensorimotor processes involved in experiencing that episode. How is the information we gather from the world through our sensory and motor apparatus converted into language? It is obvious that there is an interface between language and sensorimotor cognition because we can talk about what we see and do. In this book, Alistair Knott argues that this interface is more direct than commonly assumed. He proposes that the syntax of a concrete sentence—a sentence that reports a direct sensorimotor experience—closely reflects the sensorimotor processes involved in the experience. In fact, he argues, the syntax of the sentence can be interpreted as a description of these sensorimotor processes. Knott focuses on a simple concrete episode: a man grabbing a cup. He presents detailed models of the sensorimotor processes involved in experiencing this episode (drawing on research in psychology and neuroscience) and of the syntactic structure of the transitive sentence reporting the episode (drawing on Chomskyan Minimalist syntactic theory). He proposes that these two independently motivated models are closely linked—that the logical form of the sentence can be given a detailed sensorimotor characterization and that, more generally, many of the syntactic principles understood in Minimalism as encoding innate linguistic knowledge are actually sensorimotor in origin. Knott's sensorimotor reinterpretation of Chomsky opens the way for a psychological account of sentence processing that is compatible with a Chomskyan account of syntactic universals, suggesting a way to reconcile Chomsky's theory of syntax with the empiricist models of language often viewed as Mimimalism's competitors.
Download or read book The Interdisciplinary Handbook of Perceptual Control Theory Volume II written by Warren Mansell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-03-14 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the fundamental challenges to society in this era, a radical rewrite of how we approach science and culture is necessary. This handbook applies Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) to achieve a much needed convergence across the physical, life and social sciences, the humanities and arts. In doing so it addresses challenges such as mental illness, dementia, cancer care, toxic masculinity and societal oppression. It also reveals how PCT can be applied to practical issues such as understanding healthcare service implementation and human-machine interaction, as well as deeper questions such as consciousness and imagination. This second volume of the successful interdisciplinary handbook offers rich examples of how the unifying perceptual control framework can provide a viable alternative to existing theories and methodologies for a timely paradigm shift. Examines the relationship between our perceptions, consciousness, and imagination Provides computational and mathematical models for physiological systems, such as human movement, human-machine interaction, and psychological processes such as recovery from mental health problems Presents health as control which leads to game-changing suggestions in designing interventions for health behavior, cancer support, care for dementia, and mental health services Helps readers comprehend goals of teachers and students in education from a PCT perspective to show how educative interactions could be less coercive and foster flourishing The value of PCT is demonstrated in understanding cultural memes and social challenges such as toxic masculinity
Download or read book Action and Interaction written by Shaun Gallagher and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shaun Gallagher presents a ground-breaking interdisciplinary account of human action, bringing out its essentially social dimension. He explores and synthesizes the different approaches of action theory, social cognition, and critical social theory. He shows that in order to understand human agency and the aspects of mind that are associated with it, we need to grasp the crucial role of context or circumstance in action, and the normative constraints of social and cultural practices. He also investigates issues concerning social cognition and embodied intersubjective interaction, including direct social perception and the role of narrative and communicative practices from an interdisciplinary perspective. Gallagher thereby brings together embodied and enactive approaches to action for the first time in this book and, in developing an alternative to standard conceptions of understanding others, he bridges social cognition and critical social theory, drawing out the implications for recognition, autonomy, and justice.
Download or read book Rhetorics of the Digital Nonhumanities written by Alex Reid and published by SIU Press. This book was released on 2022-01-31 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Author Alex Reid combines new materialist theory and media theory to examine rhetorical practices in the context of digital technologies. This innovative method allows rhetoric and composition to reconceptualize the associations and interactions between humans and technologies in digital media ecologies"--
Download or read book Three dimensional Video and Display written by Bahram Javidi and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 2001 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of SPIE present the original research papers presented at SPIE conferences and other high-quality conferences in the broad-ranging fields of optics and photonics. These books provide prompt access to the latest innovations in research and technology in their respective fields. Proceedings of SPIE are among the most cited references in patent literature.
Download or read book Towards a neuroscience of social interaction written by Ulrich Pfeiffer and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The burgeoning field of social neuroscience has begun to illuminate the complex biological bases of human social cognitive abilities. However, in spite of being based on the premise of investigating the neural bases of interacting minds, the majority of studies have focused on studying brains in isolation using paradigms that investigate offline social cognition, i.e. social cognition from a detached observer's point of view, asking study participants to read out the mental states of others without being engaged in interaction with them. Consequently, the neural correlates of real-time social interaction have remained elusive and may —paradoxically— represent the 'dark matter' of social neuroscience. More recently, a growing number of researchers have begun to study online social cognition, i.e. social cognition from a participant's point of view, based on the assumption that there is something fundamentally different when we are actively engaged with others in real-time social interaction as compared to when we merely observe them. Whereas, for offline social cognition, interaction and feedback are merely a way of gathering data about the other person that feeds into processing algorithms 'inside’ the agent, it has been proposed that in online social cognition the knowledge of the other —at least in part— resides in the interaction dynamics ‘between’ the agents. Furthermore being a participant in an ongoing interaction may entail a commitment toward being responsive created by important differences in the motivational foundations of online and offline social cognition. In order to promote the development of the neuroscientific investigation of online social cognition, this Frontiers Research Topic aims at bringing together contributions from researchers in social neuroscience and related fields, whose work involves the study of at least two individuals and sometimes two brains, rather than single individuals and brains responding to a social context. Specifically, this Research Topic will adopt an interdisciplinary perspective on what it is that separates online from offline social cognition and the putative differences in the recruitment of underlying processes and mechanisms. Here, an important focal point will be to address the various roles of social interaction in contributing to and —at times— constituting our awareness of other minds. For this Research Topic, we, therefore, solicit reviews, original research articles, opinion and method papers, which address the investigation of social interaction and go beyond traditional concepts and ways of experimentation in doing so. While focusing on work in the neurosciences, this Research Topic also welcomes contributions in the form of behavioral studies, psychophysiological investigations, methodological innovations, computational approaches, developmental and patient studies. By focusing on cutting-edge research in social neuroscience and related fields, this Frontiers Research Topic will create new insights concerning the neurobiology of social interaction and holds the promise of helping social neuroscience to really go social.
Download or read book Experiencing Music Video written by Carol Vernallis and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2004-06-16 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Music videos have ranged from simple tableaux of a band playing its instruments to multimillion dollar, high-concept extravaganzas. Born of a sudden expansion in new broadcast channels, music videos continue to exert an enormous influence on popular music. They help to create an artist's identity, to affect a song's mood, to determine chart success: the music video has changed our idea of the popular song. Here at last is a study that treats music video as a distinct multimedia artistic genre, different from film, television, and indeed from the songs they illuminate—and sell. Carol Vernallis describes how verbal, musical, and visual codes combine in music video to create defining representations of race, class, gender, sexuality, and performance. The book explores the complex interactions of narrative, settings, props, costumes, lyrics, and much more. Three chapters contain close analyses of important videos: Madonna's "Cherish," Prince's "Gett Off," and Peter Gabriel's "Mercy St."
Download or read book Video Games written by Nicholas David Bowman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-07-16 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This entry in the BEA Electronic Media Research Series, born out of the April 2017 BEA Research Symposium, takes a look at video games, outlining the characteristics of them as cognitive, emotional, physical, and social demanding technologies, and introduces readers to current research on video games. The diverse array of contributors in this volume offer bleeding-edge perspectives on both current and emerging scholarship. The chapters here contain radical approaches that add to the literature on electronic media studies generally and video game studies specifically. By taking such a forward-looking approach, this volume aims to collect foundational writings for the future of gaming studies.
Download or read book The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Cognitive Development written by Usha Goswami and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This definitive volume is the result of collaboration by top scholars in the field of children's cognition. New edition offers an up-to-date overview of all the major areas of importance in the field, and includes new data from cognitive neuroscience and new chapters on social cognitive development and language Provides state-of-the-art summaries of current research by international specialists in different areas of cognitive development Spans aspects of cognitive development from infancy to the onset of adolescence Includes chapters on symbolic reasoning, pretend play, spatial development, abnormal cognitive development and current theoretical perspectives
Download or read book Plan Activity and Intent Recognition written by Gita Sukthankar and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-03-03 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plan recognition, activity recognition, and intent recognition together combine and unify techniques from user modeling, machine vision, intelligent user interfaces, human/computer interaction, autonomous and multi-agent systems, natural language understanding, and machine learning. Plan, Activity, and Intent Recognition explains the crucial role of these techniques in a wide variety of applications including: - personal agent assistants - computer and network security - opponent modeling in games and simulation systems - coordination in robots and software agents - web e-commerce and collaborative filtering - dialog modeling - video surveillance - smart homes In this book, follow the history of this research area and witness exciting new developments in the field made possible by improved sensors, increased computational power, and new application areas. - Combines basic theory on algorithms for plan/activity recognition along with results from recent workshops and seminars - Explains how to interpret and recognize plans and activities from sensor data - Provides valuable background knowledge and assembles key concepts into one guide for researchers or students studying these disciplines
Download or read book Objects and Attention written by Brian J. Scholl and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of object-based models of attention.
Download or read book Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing written by Hai Jin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-24 with total page 1211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing, UIC 2006, held in Wuhan, China. The book presents 117 revised full papers together with a keynote paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 382 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on smart objects and embedded systems; smart spaces, environments, and platforms; ad-hoc and intelligent networks; sensor networks, and more.
Download or read book Advances in Visual Computing written by Richard Boyle and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-11-22 with total page 851 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two volume set LNCS 4841 and LNCS 4842 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Visual Computing, ISVC 2007, held in Lake Tahoe, NV, USA, in November 2007. The 77 revised full papers and 42 poster papers presented together with 32 full and five poster papers of six special tracks were carefully reviewed and selected. The papers cover the four main areas of visual computing: vision, graphics, visualization, and virtual reality.
Download or read book Psychocinematics written by Arthur P. Shimamura and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-11 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do movies engage us so thoroughly, capturing our sensations, thoughts, and emotions? This edited volume introduces psychocinematics, which brings together film theorists, philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists to consider the viability of a scientific approach to our movie experience.
Download or read book A Field Guide to a New Meta field written by Barbara Maria Stafford and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-06 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes bibliographical references and index.
Download or read book Pragmatics in Language Disabled Children written by Lynn Sebestyen Snyder and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
