Download or read book Early Nutrition Programming and Health Outcomes in Later Life Obesity and beyond written by Berthold Koletzko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-31 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally and presents a major challenge to policy makers and clinicians alike. Recent research has suggested that obesity has its origins in early life and that early diet can programme a developing fetus’ and young infant’s future susceptibility to obesity. This volume contains recent findings presented at the International Conference on Early Nutrition Programming and Health Outcomes in Later Life: Obesity and Beyond - a satellite meeting of the 15th European Congress on Obesity, held in Budapest in April 2007. Basic scientific research, data from epidemiological studies and clinical trial results were all presented during the programme. This volume includes articles discussing the evidence for an effect of early nutrition programming on later obesity and cardiovascular risk; the growing evidence for an intergenerational cycle of obesity; the role of maternal leptin in programming appetite; possible cellular mechanisms for altered energy balance, including mitochondrial programming and the effects of regulators of metabolism; and how epigenetic changes might be the fundamental underlying mechanism explaining programming effects. Consumer understanding of the concept of early nutrition programming and the extent to which early nutrition programming is taken into account in infant feeding policies are also discussed.
Download or read book Energy Balance and Obesity written by Isabelle Romieu and published by IARC Working Group Report. This book was released on 2018-01-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the relationship between energy balance and obesity is essential to develop effective prevention programs and policies. The International Agency for Research on Cancer convened a Working Group of world-leading experts in December 2015 to review the evidence regarding energy balance and obesity, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries, and to consider the following scientific questions: (i) Are the drivers of the obesity epidemic related only to energy excess and/or do specific foods or nutrients play a major role in this epidemic? (ii) What are the factors that modulate these associations? (iii) Which types of data and/or studies will further improve our understanding? This book provides summaries of the evidence from the literature as well as the Working Group's conclusions and recommendations to tackle the global epidemic of obesity.
Download or read book Complementary Feeding written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is a training resource that deals with the period prior to successful weaning when a child continues to receive breast milk but also needs increasing amounts of addtional complementary foods to ensure healthy development. It is intended as a practical learning tool for all those responsible for the health and nutrition of young children, particularly health and nutrition workers, and their trainers.
Download or read book Breastfeeding and Childhood Obesity written by Mary A. Targosz and published by . This book was released on with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number of children in the United States who are becoming obese has tripled since 1980. Children as young as two years old are at risk for obesity which is a Body Mass Index (BMI) of greater than 85%. Researchers have studied the relationship between infant feeding and the risk for obesity as a child. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), The World Health Organization (WHO), and the National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (NAPNAP) recommend breastfeeding as the preferred method of infant feeding until at least 6 months of age and ideally for the first year of life. Secondary analysis of large data sets indicated that breastfeeding had a slight effect on the risk for obesity but was not statistically significant for protection against the risk for obesity as a five year old child. The purpose of this project was to explore the relationship between maternal infant feeding practices and the risk for obesity for children at five years of age. Approval was obtained from the University Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the pediatrician whose practice was used for the data collected in this retrospective designed study. The variables of interest included the type of feeding (breast milk or formula) the infant was given, the age of the infant when solid feeding were initiated, and the height and weight of the child at each health visit. Over 900 charts were reviewed for inclusion and 109 charts met the criteria for inclusion in the study. There were 32 breastfed infants and 61 formula fed infants, the 16 remaining infants were simultaneously given breast milk and formula. The BMI was determined at the five year visit from the height and weight documented. The odds ratio for breastfed infants and the risk for obesity was .848 with a confidence interval of (0.349, 2.057) and a p-value of .358 which indicates that there is not sufficient evidence to say that breastfeeding lowers the risk for obesity as a five year old child.
Download or read book Interpreting Epidemiologic Evidence written by David A. Savitz and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2003 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on practical tools for making optimal use of available data to assess epidemiologic study findings. Includes: selection bias, confounding, measurement and classification of disease and exposure, random error and integration of evidence across studies.
Download or read book Plan and Operation of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988 94 written by National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the plan and operation of the third National Health and Nutrition Survey. The sample for this study of the U.S. population was selected from households in 81 counties across the United States. About 40,000 persons 2 months of age and over were selected, including large samples of both young and old persons. About 12,000 of the sample persons were black Americans, 12,000 were Mexican-Americans, and the remaining 16,000 were of all other race and ethnicity groups. All selected persons were asked to complete an extensive interview and an examination in a large mobile examination center. The survey period is 1988-94, consisting of two phases of equal length and sample size. Both Phase 1 and Phase 2 were random samples of the U.S. population living in households.
Download or read book The Road to Good Nutrition written by M. Eggersdorfer and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2013-09-11 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a work of advocacy, whose prime objective is to inform people about the relationship between nutrition security and public health. It draws on the thinking and experience of a selected number of experts in the field of nutrition and public health. Collating up-to-the-minute information in a clear and accessible way, the book forms a ‘one-stop information source’, and paves the way for further, science-led publications in this field. ‘The Road to Good Nutrition’ puts the topic of nutrition security on the agenda of policy-makers, academics, private sector organizations and civil society, as well as of organizations dedicated to the nutrition space. It is also of interest to the educated lay reader who is generally well informed in matters of health, nutrition and sustainability.
Download or read book Pediatric Obesity written by Michael Freemark and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood obesity and its co-morbidities -- including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, sleep apnea, and fatty liver disease -- have seen striking increases in recent years. Despite a wealth of investigation, there is considerable controversy regarding the etiology of childhood obesity and the optimal approaches for prevention and treatment. Pediatric Obesity: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment addresses the controversy with a range of features that make it a unique resource for those who care for obese children and their families. Written from a perspective that is international in scope, the distinguished authors re-assess the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of childhood obesity and critically review new studies of the effects of lifestyle, pharmacologic, and surgical interventions. The evidence-based approach of Pediatric Obesity: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment provides a comprehensive and invaluable guide for all healthcare providers concerned with the evaluation and care of children with nutritional and metabolic disease and with the societal implications of the obesity epidemic.
Download or read book Handbook of Infant Mental Health written by Charles H. Zeanah, Jr. and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2012-03-01 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Widely regarded as the standard reference in the field, this state-of-the-art handbook offers a comprehensive analysis of developmental, clinical, and social aspects of mental health from birth to the preschool years. Leading authorities explore models of development; biological, family, and sociocultural risk and protective factors; and frequently encountered disorders and disabilities. Evidence-based approaches to assessment and treatment are presented, with an emphasis on ways to support strong parent–child relationships. The volume reviews the well-documented benefits of early intervention and prevention and describes applications in mental health, primary care, childcare, and child welfare settings. The chapter on psychopharmacology has been updated for the paperback edition.
Download or read book Infant and Young Child Feeding written by Fiona Dykes and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-08-14 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exciting book, edited by Fiona Dykes and Victoria Hall Moran and with a foreword from Gretel Pelto, explores in an integrated context the varied factors associated with infant and child nutrition, including global feeding strategies, cultural factors, issues influencing breastfeeding, and economic and life cycle influences
Download or read book Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2003 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WHO and UNICEF jointly developed this global strategy to focus world attention on the impact that feeding practices have on the nutritional status, growth and development, health, and thus the very survival of infants and young children. The strategy is the result of a comprehensive two-year participatory process. It is based on the evidence of nutrition's significance in the early months and years of life, and of the crucial role that appropriate feeding practices play in achieving optimal health outcomes. The strategy is intended as a guide for action; it identifies interventions with a proven positive impact; it emphasizes providing mothers and families the support they need to carry out their crucial roles, and it explicitly defines the obligations and responsibilities in this regards of governments, international organizations, and other concerned parties.
Download or read book Early Nutrition and its Later Consequences New Opportunities written by Berthold Koletzko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-05-27 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health problems such as hypertension, tendency to diabetes, obesity, blood lipids, vascular disease, bone health, behaviour and learning and longevity may be ‘imprinted’ during early life. This process is defined as ‘programming’ whereby a nutritional stimulus operating at a critical, sensitive period of pre and postnatal life imprints permanent effects on the structure, physiology and metabolism. For this reason, academics and industry set-up the EC supported Scientific Workshop -Early Nutrition and its Later Consequences: New Opportunities. The prime objective of the Workshop was to generate a sound exchange of the latest scientific developments within the field of early nutrition to look for opportunities for new preventive health concepts. Further, a closer look was taken at the development of food applications which could provide (future) mothers and infants with improved nutrition that will ultimately lead to better future health. The Workshop was organised by the Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Munich, Germany in collaboration with the Danone Institutes and the Infant Nutrition Cluster, a collaboration of three large research projects funded by the EU.
Download or read book Are Infant Feeding Practices Associated with Early Childhood Overweight and Obesity A Longitudinal Study of Participants of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children written by Miranda Westfall and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity is a significant public health issue due to its prevalence and contribution to morbidity and mortality. Obesity prevention efforts in early life are important both because obesity has profound impacts on health status in childhood, and because obesity tracks from childhood to adulthood. The first thousand days in particular - from conception through age two years - may represent a critical period for obesity prevention because taste preferences and metabolic processes are shaped during this period. As such, infant feeding practices - including breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices - may be important predictors of obesity risk. However, there are significant gaps in our knowledge of the relationship between infant feeding practices and childhood obesity. The studies in this dissertation used longitudinal data from the WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2 (WIC ITFPS-2) to understand the relationship between infant feeding practices - including breastfeeding duration and intensity, timing of introduction of complementary foods, and early introduction of sugar-sweetened foods and beverages - on weight trajectories and odds of overweight and obesity among low-income children up to age 3 years. Study 1 examined the relationship between breastfeeding duration and weight trajectories from age 6 months to 3 years and odds of overweight/obesity at ages 2-3 years. Mixed-effects regression models indicated that any breastfeeding (exclusive or partial) for at least 6 months and exclusive breastfeeding for at least 3 months were associated with healthier weight trajectories among both boys and girls. Breastfeeding was associated with significantly reduced odds of overweight/obesity for girls but not boys. Compared to girls who were never breastfed, those who were breastfed at all for less than 6 months had 45% lower odds of overweight/obesity while those breastfed at all for 6 months or longer had 65% lower odds of overweight/obesity. Compared to girls who were never exclusively breastfed, girls exclusively breastfed for less than 3 months had 46% lower odds of overweight/obesity and those exclusively breastfed for 3 months or more had 78% lower odds of overweight/obesity. There was evidence of a dose-response relationship between breastfeeding duration and intensity among girls. Compared to girls who were never breastfed, those breastfed for less than 3 months (short duration) had 39% lower odds of overweight/obesity, those partially breastfed for at least 3 months (longer duration, low intensity) had 55% lower odds of overweight/obesity, and those exclusively breastfed for at least 3 months (longer duration, higher intensity) had 79% lower odds of overweight/obesity. Study 2 examined the relationship between timing of introduction of complementary foods and weight trajectories from age 6 months to 3 years and odds of overweight/obesity at ages 2-3 years. Mixed-effects regression models indicated differences in weight trajectories by timing of introduction of complementary foods which varied by sex. Compared to complementary food introduction at 4-6 months, late introduction to complementary foods (at or after 7 months) was associated with less healthy weight trajectories among boys, while early introduction (
Download or read book Nutrition of Normal Infants written by Samuel J. Fomon and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assembles and interprets information relevant to growth and nutrition of normal, term infants in industrialized countries. Discusses such topics as infant feeding and evolution, trends in infant feeding since 1950, size and growth, estimated requirements and recommended dietary intakes, water and renal solute load, vitamins, minerals, micronutrients, human milk and breast feeding, infant formulas, cow milk and beikost, recommendations for feeding normal infants, etc.
Download or read book Feeding Infants and Children from Birth to 24 Months written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-09-28 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recommendations for feeding infants and young children have changed substantially over time owing to scientific advances, cultural influences, societal trends, and other factors. At the same time, stronger approaches to reviewing and synthesizing scientific evidence have evolved, such that there are now established protocols for developing evidence-based health recommendations. However, not all authoritative bodies have used such approaches for developing infant feeding guidance, and for many feeding questions there is little or no sound evidence available to guide best practices, despite the fact that research on infant and young child feeding has expanded in recent decades. Summarizing the current landscape of feeding recommendations for infants and young children can reveal the level of consistency of existing guidance, shed light on the types of evidence that underpin each recommendation, and provide insight into the feasibility of harmonizing guidelines. Feeding Infants and Children from Birth to 24 Months collects, compares, and summarizes existing recommendations on what and how to feed infants and young children from birth to 24 months of age. This report makes recommendations to stakeholders on strategies for communicating and disseminating feeding recommendations.
Download or read book Maternal Obesity Infant Feeding Methods and Infant Growth written by Jennifer Lyn Baker and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Infant and young child feeding written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Model Chapter on Infant and Young Child Feeding is intended for use in basic training of health professionals. It describes essential knowledge and basic skills that every health professional who works with mothers and young children should master. The Model Chapter can be used by teachers and students as a complement to textbooks or as a concise reference manual.
