Download or read book Inequality and Social Mobility in Brazil written by José Pastore and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inequality and Social Mobility in Brazil written by José Pastore and published by Univ of Wisconsin Press. This book was released on 1982 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is commonly believed that there is little or no social and economic mobility in developing societies, that immobility is indeed part of a larger picture of inequality. Certainly this view has been taken of Brazil, a rapidly developing capitalist society with one of the world's most unequal patterns of income distribution. José Pastore's landmark study, then, will evoke sharp debate and controversy among social scientists. Employing a massive and sophisticated primary database, he uncovers a surprising amount of mobility in contemporary Brazilian society. In fact, he postulates, the society's inherent inequality is in large part related to the high degree of upward mobility of the Brazilian population. Particularly in the last three decades, the upward mobility of the middle classes, says Pastore, has "stretched" the Brazilian social structure, thus allowing for increased inequality. Pastore's findings will prompt a reevaluation of many long-held economic and sociological tenets, not only concerning Brazil but also other rapidly developing capitalist societies. His work will also contribute significantly to the present political debate on capitalist growth strategies for Third World nations. Sociologists, economists, political scientists, development specialists, and all with an interest in contemporary Latin America will find Pastore's work to be both a stimulating analysis and a rich source of data for further research.

Download or read book Social Exclusion and Mobility in Brazil written by Estanislao Gacit©ða-Mari©? and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brazil is a country of sharp disparities. The gap between the richest and the poorest citizens is one of the largest in the world. Inequality in Brazil is well-known, but its low mobility is not. Until now, few studies have sought to investigate how forms of social exclusion constrain socioeconomic mobility. Why do particular groups remain excluded and trapped in poverty for generations? What do Brazilians themselves think about income inequality and social mobility? This study explores these issues, provides a set of options to redress them, and promotes a national dialogue for action. In addi.

Download or read book Racism in Brazil Inequality in Educational Opportunities and Social Mobility written by Neil Turner and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Soziologie - Politische Soziologie, Majoritäten, Minoritäten, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the debate on race relations in Brazil. The main focus of this work is to examine inequality of opportunities between whites and nonwhites and how class and racial discrimination impacts outcomes for social advancement. Although many scholars, intellectuals and authors have contributed to an analysis of this debate, race relations in Brazil remains a very confounding and provocative issue. The rapid and tremendous growth that Brazil is currently experiencing has brought increased stratification between races and classes and a recurrence of the public debate on this complex issue. This paper will trace the history of this debate, the myth of racial democracy, the Afro-Brazilian militant movement and provide a brief overview of the existing quantitative research on Brazilian race relations.

Download or read book Blackness and Social Mobility in Brazil written by Doreen Joy Gordon and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-07 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the emergence of the black middle classes in urban Brazil, after 30 years of black mobilization and against the backdrop of deep economic, cultural, and political transformations taking place in recent decades within the country. One of the consequences of such transformations is said to be the restructuring of gender, race, and class relations. Utilizing qualitative research techniques such as ethnography, interviews, life histories, and focus groups among Afro-descendant families in the Northeast region of the country, the book explores contemporary race, class, and gender inequalities and their impact on daily lived experience. It reveals the dynamics underlying upward mobility, the diverse modes and experiences of social ascent into the middle classes, and the everyday negotiations involved in establishing one's status in the socio-racial hierarchy, which are not captured by other, more "macro" lenses. While some of these patterns are not peculiar to black people, this book argues that "race" shaped the contours and possibilities of social mobility in particular ways. This book is critical reading for specialists in the fields of inequality and race, class, and gender relations.

Download or read book Brazil Emerging written by Jan Nederveen Pieterse and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-05-16 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a critical inquiry into the social project and socioeconomic realities of emerging Brazil, a country that faces profound changes. A team of acknowledged specialists on Brazil’s complex configuration addresses state policies, social dynamics and economic constraints and opportunities for emancipation. Chapters adopt long-run perspectives on the development of the Brazilian welfare state, limits and opportunities for emancipation in the labor market, the scope and depth of social policies such as "Bolsa Família" and Rio’s Peacemaking Police Units (UPP), social movements - in particular, the Movement of the Landless (MST) - cultural policies at the federal level, the role of media in the country’s democratization project, and how two important commodities (sugar and oil) shape the identities of blacks and whites in Bahia. This book is essential reading for all those interested in understanding what kind of Brazil has acquired a prominent global position and what hurdles it faces to consolidate its position as a global player.

Download or read book Paths of Inequality in Brazil written by Marta Arretche and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents multidisciplinary analyses of the historical trajectories of social and economic inequalities in Brazil over the last 50 years. As one of the most unequal countries in the world, Brazil has always been an important case study for scholars interested in inequality research, but in the last few decades has brought a new phenomenon to renew researchers’ interest in the country. While the majority of democracies in the developed world have witnessed an increase in income inequality from the 1970s on, Brazil has followed the opposite path, registering a significant reduction of income inequality over the last 30 years. Bringing together studies carried out by experts from different areas, such as economists, sociologists, demographers and political scientists, this volume presents insights based on rigorous analyses of statistical data in an effort to explain the long term changes in social and economic inequalities in Brazil. The book adopts a multidisciplinary approach, analyzing the relations between income inequality and different dimensions of social life, such as education, health, political participation, public policies, demographics and labor market. All of this makes Paths of Inequality in Brazil – A Half-Century of Change a very valuable resource for social scientists interested in inequality research in general, and especially for sociologists, political scientists and economists interested in the social and economic changes that Brazil went through over the last two decades.

Download or read book A Broken Social Elevator How to Promote Social Mobility written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-06-15 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides new evidence on social mobility in the context of increased inequalities of income and opportunities in OECD and selected emerging economies. It covers the aspects of both, social mobility between parents and children and of personal income mobility over the life course, ...

Download or read book Social Inequalities in Brazil written by Laura Jakobeit and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-02-22 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social equality is essential for every country, not only as an end itself, but also as tool for promoting economic growth (Skidmore, 2004).Brazil is one of the most unequal countries in the world, with a Gini Index of 0.567 in 2005 (CIA, 2010). Although this is still high and leaves Brazil the 10thmost unequal country out of 134, the inequalities are improving significantly (in 1998 the Index was 0.607). This essay will focus on two questions: What has caused the striking inequalities in Brazil? Why did these inequalities improvein the recent years?

Download or read book Inequality in Brazil A Regional Perspective written by Carlos Góes and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-10-31 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, we document the decline in income inequality and a convergence in consumption patterns in Brazilian states in a new database constructed from micro data from the national households’ survey. We adjust the state-Gini coefficients for spatial price differences using information on households’ rental prices available in the survey. In a panel regression framework, we find that labor income growth, formalization, and schooling contributed to the decline in inequality during 2004-14, but redistributive policies, such as Bolsa Família, have also played a positive role. Going forward, it will be important to phase out untargeted subsidies, such as public spending on tertiary education, and contain growth of public sector wages, to improve budgetary efficiency and protect gains in equality.

Download or read book Does Inequality Matter How People Perceive Economic Disparities and Social Mobility written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-18 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recovery after the COVID-19 crisis requires policies and reforms that tackle inequalities and promote equal opportunities. However, the implementation of such reforms requires widespread support from the public. To better understand what factors drive public support, this report provides a detailed cross-country analysis of people’s perceptions of and concern over inequality.

Download or read book Inequality and Economic Development in Brazil written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What makes Brazil so unequal? This title looks at this question and shows how inequalities weaken Brazil's economic development and what are the best policy options to reduce this inequity.

Download or read book Brazil written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present Report is motivated by the coming together o f three widespread perceptions about inequality, two somewhat newer and one long-standing. The two newer ones are; (i) that inequality may matter for the country's economic development, and (ii) that public policy can and should do something about it. The old perception, which is well borne out b y the facts, is that Brazil occupies a position o f very high inequality in the international community. Therefore, this report tries to explain what makes Brazil so unequal and to what extent the interaction o f labor market forces and public policies -or the lack of them- contribute to this undesirable outcome. For instance, in what measure is social mobility becoming more independent o f family background thanks to progressive public policies in basic education, health and nutrition. Accordingly, the report is organized around three basic questions. The first section asks why inequality might matter for the country's economic development. Why it matters for poverty reduction, for social justice equality o f opportunities and social mobility, and for economic and political efficiency. The second section asks why Brazil is so unequal. It seeks a deeper understanding of what lies behind Brazil's position as one of the most unequal countries in the world, as shown in typical international comparisons, the dynamics of income inequality, and the magnitude of inequality across regions, racial groups, and gender. Then, it attempts to shed light on why this may be so. It investigates the causes of Brazil's excess inequality in four dimensions: the distribution of assets - human and nonhuman-, the price of those assets, the behavioral difference in the labor market and fertility, and, finally, the distribution of state transfers and entitlements - public expenditure and taxation-. The third section asks whether there is a role for public action aimed at reducing inequalities, and considers some lessons from theory and evidence on the relative effectiveness of alternative approaches. First, it considers how the provision of education might affect not only the distribution of human assets in the long run but the relative prices of human capital for different levels of skill. Second it examines how public policy toward rural land use must take into account inefficiencies that are closely linked to inequities of land distribution. Finally, it investigates how taxation and public expenditure policies reduce income inequ...

Download or read book brazil digitaldivide com written by Bernardo Sorj and published by SciELO - Centro Edelstein. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of this book, the digital divide, refers to the unequal distribution of resources associated with information and communication technology between countries and within societies. We will explore how one factor, in this case information technology, can potentially support contradictory tendencies: towards greater freedom and social participation and to deeper social inequality and new forms of concentration of power (excerpt taken from the book's Introduction).

Download or read book Enseignement Sup rieur en Afrique Francophone written by Pierre Antoine Gioan and published by World Bank Working Papers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Depuis plus d'une décennie, l'enseignement supérieur et la recherche dans les pays francophones d'Afrique sont confrontés à une crise profonde dont l'origine se situe principalement dans le déséquilibre entre les besoins nécessaires pour assurer un enseignement de qualité et les ressources disponibles. L'objet de cette publication est: de mettre en évidence les facteurs qui font que cette situation se rencontre dans la plupart de ces pays, d'identifier les conditions qui permettent d'incrire les dispositifs d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche dans des évolutions mieux maîtrisées et soutenables financièrement, et de proposer des pistes pour améliorer le financement de ce secteur tout en préservant sa qualité.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty written by David Brady and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 937 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty builds a common scholarly ground in the study of poverty by bringing together an international, inter-disciplinary group of scholars to provide their perspectives on the issue. Contributors engage in discussions about the leading theories and conceptual debates regarding poverty, the most salient topics in poverty research, and the far-reaching consequences of poverty on the individual and societal level.

Download or read book Social Mobility in Developing Countries written by Vegard Iversen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-12-17 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social mobility is the hope of economic development and the mantra of a good society. There are disagreements about what constitutes social mobility, but there is broad agreement that people should have roughly equal chances of success regardless of their economic status at birth. Concerns about rising inequality have engendered a renewed interest in social mobility—especially in the developing world. However, efforts to construct the databases and meet the standards required for conventional analyses of social mobility are at a preliminary stage and need to be complemented by innovative, conceptual, and methodological advances. If forms of mobility have slowed in the West, then we might be entering an age of rigid stratification with defined boundaries between the always-haves and the never-haves-which does not augur well for social stability. Social mobility research is ongoing, with substantive findings in different disciplines—typically with researchers in isolation from each other. A key contribution of this book is the pulling together of the emerging streams of knowledge. Generating policy-relevant knowledge is a principal concern. Three basic questions frame the study of diverse aspects of social mobility in the book. How to assess the extent of social mobility in a given development context when the datasets by conventional measurement techniques are unavailable? How to identify drivers and inhibitors of social mobility in particular developing country contexts? How to acquire the knowledge required to design interventions to raise social mobility, either by increasing upward mobility or by lowering downward mobility?