Download or read book Industrywide Voluntary Product Standards written by David Hemenway and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Role of Industrywide Voluntary Product Standards in Stimulating Economic Efficiency written by Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Energy Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Industrywide Voluntary Products Standards written by David Hemenway and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Voluntary Industrial Standards 1976 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Small Medium Large written by Colleen A. Dunlavy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-08-15 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in a world of seemingly limitless consumer choice. Yet, as every shopper knows without thinking about it, many everyday goods – from beds to batteries to printer paper – are available in a finite number of “standard sizes.” What makes these sizes “standard” is an agreement among competing firms to make or sell products with the same limited dimensions. But how did firms – often hotly competing firms – reach such collective agreements? In exploring this question, Colleen Dunlavy puts the history of mass production and distribution in an entirely new light. She reveals that, despite the widely publicized model offered by Henry Ford, mass production techniques did not naturally diffuse throughout the U.S. economy. On the contrary, formidable market forces blocked their diffusion. It was only under the cover of collectively agreed-upon, industrywide standard sizes – orchestrated by the federal government – that competing firms were able to break free of market forces and transition to mass production and distribution. Without government promotion of standard sizes, the twentieth-century American variety of capitalism would have looked markedly less “Fordist.” Small, Medium, Large will make all of us think differently about the everyday consumer choices we take for granted.
Download or read book Voluntary Standards and Accreditation Act of 1977 S 825 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 1472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Voluntary Industrial Standards written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Standards and Certification written by United States. Federal Trade Commission. Bureau of Consumer Protection. Division of Product Reliability and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Setting Safety Standards written by Ross E. Cheit and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2024-06-21 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this highly original and meticulously researched comparison of public and private standards-setting, Ross E. Cheit questions the old maxim that government-set safety standards are too severe while those set by the private sector are too lenient. Identifying the comparative institutional advantages of each arrangement through four paired case studies of grain elevators, woodstoves, aviation fire safety, and gas space heaters, he finds instead that some private standards are surprisingly strict, while government is better positioned to survey real-world experience and sponsor research likely to improve standards-setting. Setting Safety Standards challenges those political scientists who argue that only public institutions can advance the public interest in the controversial field of health and safety. Cheit draws attention to such little-known organizations as Underwriters Laboratories and the National Fire Protection Association, private-sector alternatives to the government regulation so frequently criticized as time-consuming, inflexible, and unreasonable. These organizations, he shows, play a far more significant role in regulation than most federal agencies, even though the standards they develop are widely—and often mistakenly—assumed to be less concerned with due process than government standards and often unduly lax. This study should be widely read by public policy and regulation experts in both the public and the private sectors as well as by academics in the field. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1990.
Download or read book Standards Conformity Assessment and Trade written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-03-15 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mandated standards used for vehicle airbags, International Organization for Standards (ISO) standards adopted for photographic film, de facto standards for computer softwareâ€"however they arise, standards play a fundamental role in the global marketplace. Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade provides a comprehensive, up-to-date analysis of the link between standards, product testing and certification, and U.S. economic performance. The book includes recommendations for streamlining standards development, increasing the efficiency of product testing and certification, and promoting the success of U.S. exports in world markets. The volume offers a critical examination of organizations involved in standards and identifies the urgent improvements needed in the U.S. system for conformity assessment, in which adherence to standards is assessed and certified. Among other key issues, the book explores the role of government regulation, laboratory accreditation, and the overlapping of multiple quality standards in product development and manufacturing. In one of the first treatments of this subject, Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade offers a unique and highly valuable analysis of the impact of standards and conformity assessment on global trade.
Download or read book Voluntary Industrial Standards August 26 1976 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook on the Antitrust Aspects of Standards Setting written by and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2004 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook is particularly important because of the increasingly critical role standards play in our economy. Within the broad scope of this Handbook are quality standards, informational standards, uniformity standards, interoperability standards and non-products standards such as professional conduct standards. These standards promote innovation, productive efficiency, and market structure. The Handbook describes how the antitrust laws balance these procompetitive effects against the potential mususe of standards, and the sandard-setting process, to create barriers to entry, retard innovation, raise rivals' cists, facilitate collusion, and protect market position. The Handbook also recognizes the increasing role played by governments - federal, state and interantional - in the promulgation of standards, and how that impacts the application of the antitrust laws. Finally, the Handbook addresses the remedies available to redress the effects of standards-related activity found to be unlawful.
Download or read book Product Standards Imperfect Competition and Completion of the Market in the European Union written by Glenn W. Harrison and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modeling the static and steady- state effects on trade, production, and market structure of completion of the European Union's internal market.
Download or read book Product Standards for Internationally Integrated Goods Markets written by Alan O. Sykes and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 1995-02-01 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Product standards, regulations, and conformity assessment procedures are important and necessary, but they also, at times, threaten the free flow of goods in international markets and the competitive positions of many exporters, including those in the United States. The barriers to trade that may result form product standards and regulations may be inadvertent or deliberate. The problem cuts across a wide array of industries, from motor vehicles to computers to televisions to food and beverages. This book, part of the Brookings Integrating National Economies series, is the first to blend careful economic and legal analysis of technical barriers. Alan O. Sykes illustrates how standards and regulations create trade barriers, explores the extent of the problem, and considers the possible policy responses. The effects of technical barriers are hard to measure. They are often hidden in the costs of modifying a product to meet a standard or regulation, in the costs of testing and certification procedures, and in the ways that noncompliance with a standard may affect consumer purchasing decisions. Sykes identifies why heterogeneity in standards and regulations may arise across jurisdictions and assesses the desirability of eliminating it in various settings. Sykes also presents an extensive and insightful overview of current international efforts to police technical barriers in the WTO/GATT system, in the European Union, in the U.S. federal system, and NAFTA. He shows how least-restrictive means principles and their corollaries can do much to reduce technical barriers, while stopping short of impinging on the legitimate exercise of national sovereignty. Efforts to harmonize internatioal policies and set common standards and regulations have been under way for decades. Sykes evaluates the harmonization activities of institutions such as the International Organization for Standardization, the Codex Alimentarius, and the European Commission. Th
Download or read book Voluntary Product Standard written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Commerce Today written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Barriers connected with certifying or listing of energy conserving products used in buildings written by Hittman Associates and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
