Download or read book Statistics and Probability with Applications for Engineers and Scientists written by Bhisham C. Gupta and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-29 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introducing the tools of statistics and probability from the ground up An understanding of statistical tools is essential for engineers and scientists who often need to deal with data analysis over the course of their work. Statistics and Probability with Applications for Engineers and Scientists walks readers through a wide range of popular statistical techniques, explaining step-by-step how to generate, analyze, and interpret data for diverse applications in engineering and the natural sciences. Unique among books of this kind, Statistics and Probability with Applications for Engineers and Scientists covers descriptive statistics first, then goes on to discuss the fundamentals of probability theory. Along with case studies, examples, and real-world data sets, the book incorporates clear instructions on how to use the statistical packages Minitab® and Microsoft® Office Excel® to analyze various data sets. The book also features: • Detailed discussions on sampling distributions, statistical estimation of population parameters, hypothesis testing, reliability theory, statistical quality control including Phase I and Phase II control charts, and process capability indices • A clear presentation of nonparametric methods and simple and multiple linear regression methods, as well as a brief discussion on logistic regression method • Comprehensive guidance on the design of experiments, including randomized block designs, one- and two-way layout designs, Latin square designs, random effects and mixed effects models, factorial and fractional factorial designs, and response surface methodology • A companion website containing data sets for Minitab and Microsoft Office Excel, as well as JMP ® routines and results Assuming no background in probability and statistics, Statistics and Probability with Applications for Engineers and Scientists features a unique, yet tried-and-true, approach that is ideal for all undergraduate students as well as statistical practitioners who analyze and illustrate real-world data in engineering and the natural sciences.

Download or read book Six Sigma Statistics with EXCEL and MINITAB written by Issa Bass and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2007-07-18 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master the Statistical Techniques for Six Sigma Operations, While Boosting Your Excel and Minitab Skills! Now with the help of this “one-stop” resource, operations and production managers can learn all the powerful statistical techniques for Six Sigma operations, while becoming proficient at Excel and Minitab at the same time. Six Sigma Statistics with Excel and Minitab offers a complete guide to Six Sigma statistical methods, plus expert coverage of Excel and Minitab, two of today's most popular programs for statistical analysis and data visualization. Written by a seasoned Six Sigma Master Black Belt, the book explains how to create and interpret dot plots, histograms, and box plots using Minitab...decide on sampling strategies, sample size, and confidence intervals...apply hypothesis tests to compare variance, means, and proportions...conduct a regression and residual analysis...design and analyze an experiment...and much more. Filled with clear, concise accounts of the theory for each statistical method presented, Six Sigma Statistics with Excel and Minitab features: Easy-to-follow explanations of powerful Six Sigma tools A wealth of exercises and case studies 200 graphical illustrations for Excel and Minitab Essential for achieving Six Sigma goals in any organization, Six Sigma Statistics with Excel and Minitab is a unique, skills-building toolkit for mastering a wide range of vital statistical techniques, and for capitalizing on the potential of Excel and Minitab. Six Sigma Statistical with Excel and Minitab offers operations and production managers a complete guide to Six Sigma statistical techniques, together with expert coverage of Excel and Minitab, two of today's most popular programs for statistical analysis and data visualization. Written by Issa Bass, a Six Sigma Master Black Belt with years of hands-on experience in industry, this on-target resource takes readers through the application of each Six Sigma statistical tool, while presenting a straightforward tutorial for effectively utilizing Excel and Minitab. With the help of this essential reference, managers can: Acquire the basic tools for data collection, organization, and description Learn the fundamental principles of probability Create and interpret dot plots, histograms, and box plots using Minitab Decide on sampling strategies, sample size, and confidence intervals Apply hypothesis tests to compare variance, means, and proportions Stay on top of production processes with statistical process control Use process capability analysis to ensure that processes meet customers' expectations Employ analysis of variance to make inferences about more than two population means Conduct a regression and residual analysis Design and analyze an experiment In addition, Six Sigma Statistics with Excel and Minitab enables you to develop a better understanding of the Taguchi Method...use measurement system analysis to find out if measurement processes are accurate...discover how to test ordinal or nominal data with nonparametric statistics...and apply the full range of basic quality tools. Filled with step-by-step exercises, graphical illustrations, and screen shots for performing Six Sigma techniques on Excel and Minitab, the book also provides clear, concise explanations of the theory for each of the statistical tools presented. Authoritative and comprehensive, Six Sigma Statistics with Excel and Minitab is a valuable skills-building resource for mastering all the statistical techniques for Six Sigma operations, while harnessing the power of Excel and Minitab.

Download or read book Applied Statistics Manual written by Matthew A. Barsalou and published by Quality Press. This book was released on 2018-12-19 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was written to provide guidance for those who need to apply statistical methods for practical use. While the book provides detailed guidance on the use of Minitab for calculation, simply entering data into a software program is not sufficient to reliably gain knowledge from data. The software will provide an answer, but the answer may be wrong if the sample was not taken properly, the data was unsuitable for the statistical test that was performed, or the wrong test was selected. It is also possible that the answer will be correct, but misinterpreted. This book provides both guidance in applying the statistical methods described as well as instructions for performing calculations without a statistical software program such as Minitab. One of the authors is a professional statistician who spent nearly 13 years working at Minitab and the other is an experienced and certified Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt. Together, they strive to present the knowledge of a statistician in a format that can be easily understood and applied by non-statisticians facing real-world problems. Their guidance is provided with the goal of making data analysis accessible and practical. Rather than focusing on theoretical concepts, the book delivers only the information that is critical to success for the practitioner. It is a thorough guide for those who have not yet been exposed to the value of statistics, as well as a reliable reference for those who have been introduced to statistics but are not yet confident in their abilities.

Download or read book Minitab Demystified written by Andrew Sleeper and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2011-08-22 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Need to learn Minitab? Problem Solved! Get started using Minitab right way with help from this hands-on guide. Minitab Demystified walks you through essential Minitab features and shows you how to apply them to solve statistical analysis problems. Featuring coverage of Minitab 16, this practical guide explores the Minitab interface and the full range of Minitab graphics, Distribution models, statistical intervals, hypothesis testing, and sample size calculations are clearly explained. The book covers modeling tools of regression and the design of experiments (DOE) as well as the industrial quality tools of measurement systems analysis, control charts, capability analysis, acceptance sampling, and reliability analysis. Detailed examples and concise explanations make it easy to understand the material, and end-of-chapter quizzes and a final exam help reinforce key concepts. It's a no-brainer! You'll learn about: Accessing powerful Minitab functions with the Minitab assistant Confidence, prediction, and tolerance intervals Designing and analyzing experiments with hard-to-change variables Statistical process control (SPC), Six Sigma applications, and quality control Predicting the economic impact of sampling Analyzing life data with additional variables Simple enough for a beginner, challenging enough for an advanced student, and thorough enough for a Six Sigma professional, Minitab Demystified is your shortcut to statistical analysis success!

Download or read book Statistical Quality Control written by Bhisham C. Gupta and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-23 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL Provides a basic understanding of statistical quality control (SQC) and demonstrates how to apply the techniques of SQC to improve the quality of products in various sectors This book introduces Statistical Quality Control and the elements of Six Sigma Methodology, illustrating the widespread applications that both have for a multitude of areas, including manufacturing, finance, transportation, and more. It places emphasis on both the theory and application of various SQC techniques and offers a large number of examples using data encountered in real life situations to support each theoretical concept. Statistical Quality Control: Using MINITAB, R, JMP and Python begins with a brief discussion of the different types of data encountered in various fields of statistical applications and introduces graphical and numerical tools needed to conduct preliminary analysis of the data. It then discusses the basic concept of statistical quality control (SQC) and Six Sigma Methodology and examines the different types of sampling methods encountered when sampling schemes are used to study certain populations. The book also covers Phase 1 Control Charts for variables and attributes; Phase II Control Charts to detect small shifts; the various types of Process Capability Indices (CPI); certain aspects of Measurement System Analysis (MSA); various aspects of PRE-control; and more. This helpful guide also Focuses on the learning and understanding of statistical quality control for second and third year undergraduates and practitioners in the field Discusses aspects of Six Sigma Methodology Teaches readers to use MINITAB, R, JMP and Python to create and analyze charts Requires no previous knowledge of statistical theory Is supplemented by an instructor-only book companion site featuring data sets and a solutions manual to all problems, as well as a student book companion site that includes data sets and a solutions manual to all odd-numbered problems Statistical Quality Control: Using MINITAB, R, JMP and Python is an excellent book for students studying engineering, statistics, management studies, and other related fields and who are interested in learning various techniques of statistical quality control. It also serves as a desk reference for practitioners who work to improve quality in various sectors, such as manufacturing, service, transportation, medical, oil, and financial institutions. It‘s also useful for those who use Six Sigma techniques to improve the quality of products in such areas.

Download or read book Six Sigma Quality Improvement with Minitab written by G. Robin Henderson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-28 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to enable readers to understand and implement, via the widely used statistical software package Minitab (Release 16), statistical methods fundamental to the Six Sigma approach to the continuous improvement of products, processes and services. The second edition includes the following new material: Pareto charts and Cause-and-Effect diagrams Time-weighted control charts cumulative sum (CUSUM) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) Multivariate control charts Acceptance sampling by attributes and variables (not provided in Release 14) Tests of association using the chi-square distribution Logistic regression Taguchi experimental designs

Download or read book Statistical Methods for Industrial Process Control written by David .C. Drain and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-02-01 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To practice engineering effectively, engineers must need to have a working knowledge of statistical concepts and methods. What they do not need is a background heavy on statistical theory and number crunching. Statistical Methods for Industrial Process Control provides the practical statistics foundation engineers can immediately apply to the work they do every day, regardless of their industry or specialty. The author illustrates statistical concepts and methods with authentic semiconductor manufacturing process examples-integrated circuit fabrication is an exceedingly rich medium for communicating statistical concepts. However, once learned, these concepts and methods can easily be extended and applied to a variety of other industries. The text emphasizes the application of statistical tools, rather than statistical theory. Modern advances in statistical software have made tedious computations and formula memorization unnecessary. Therefore, the author demonstrates software use throughout the book and supplies MINITAB examples and SAS programs. Review problems at the end of each chapter challenge and deepen readers' understanding of the material. Statistical Methods for Industrial Process Control addresses topics that support the work engineers do, rather than educate them as statisticians, and these topics also reflect modern usage. It effectively introduces novice engineers to a fascinating industry and enables experienced engineers to build upon their existing knowledge and learn new skills.

Download or read book Industrial Statistics with Minitab written by Pere Grima Cintas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-08-02 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial Statistics with MINITAB demonstrates the use of MINITAB as a tool for performing statistical analysis in an industrial context. This book covers introductory industrial statistics, exploring the most commonly used techniques alongside those that serve to give an overview of more complex issues. A plethora of examples in MINITAB are featured along with case studies for each of the statistical techniques presented. Industrial Statistics with MINITAB: Provides comprehensive coverage of user-friendly practical guidance to the essential statistical methods applied in industry. Explores statistical techniques and how they can be used effectively with the help of MINITAB 16. Contains extensive illustrative examples and case studies throughout and assumes no previous statistical knowledge. Emphasises data graphics and visualization, and the most used industrial statistical tools, such as Statistical Process Control and Design of Experiments. Is supported by an accompanying website featuring case studies and the corresponding datasets. Six Sigma Green Belts and Black Belts will find explanations and examples of the most relevant techniques in DMAIC projects. The book can also be used as quick reference enabling the reader to be confident enough to explore other MINITAB capabilities.

Download or read book Six Sigma Statistics Using Minitab 19 written by Rehman Khan and published by . This book was released on 2020-01-19 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do you like to learn? Is it by reading textbooks? Or do you want to learn by doing and seeing the results for yourself? If so, this book is for you as it is written as a teaching guide. The book aims to teach using example-based learning so you can learn data analysis and problem-solving at the Green Belt level. The author recognised that Six Sigma Green and Black belts needed more support to understand the complex statistical techniques used within Six Sigma, but this had to be delivered effectively. In this book, the author uses his experience of industrial process improvement and Minitab training to provide Six Sigma Green Belts with the learning support they need to drive Minitab 19. Key Features of this book are: -Covers all main topics used by Six Sigma Green Belts in easy to understand language. -Improved and updated for Minitab 19.-The main Six Sigma tools are explained. It uses example-based learning with hundreds of screenshots in the book.-Focusses on using the Assistant and includes features such as Sequential DOE and Multiple Regression.-The data sets for the examples and exercises are available to download from www.rmksixsigma.com; along with model answers. -Support Videos are also available from the RMK Six Sigma Youtube channel.-Examples cover both continuous and attribute data where possible.

Download or read book Introduction to Statistical Quality Control written by Douglas C. Montgomery and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-12-30 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Once solely the domain of engineers, quality control has become a vital business operation used to increase productivity and secure competitive advantage. Introduction to Statistical Quality Control offers a detailed presentation of the modern statistical methods for quality control and improvement. Thorough coverage of statistical process control (SPC) demonstrates the efficacy of statistically-oriented experiments in the context of process characterization, optimization, and acceptance sampling, while examination of the implementation process provides context to real-world applications. Emphasis on Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) provides a strategic problem-solving framework that can be applied across a variety of disciplines.Adopting a balanced approach to traditional and modern methods, this text includes coverage of SQC techniques in both industrial and non-manufacturing settings, providing fundamental knowledge to students of engineering, statistics, business, and management sciences.A strong pedagogical toolset, including multiple practice problems, real-world data sets and examples, provides students with a solid base of conceptual and practical knowledge."--

Download or read book Reliability Analysis with Minitab written by Kishore Kumar Pochampally and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-03-23 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistical Analysis for the Reliability Engineering ProfessionalEffectively conduct reliability analysis using the world's leading statistical software. Reliability Analysis with Minitab outlines statistical concepts and applications, explains the theory of probability, reliability analysis, and quality improvement, and provides step-by-step instr

Download or read book Introduction to Bayesian Statistics written by William M. Bolstad and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-02 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "...this edition is useful and effective in teaching Bayesian inference at both elementary and intermediate levels. It is a well-written book on elementary Bayesian inference, and the material is easily accessible. It is both concise and timely, and provides a good collection of overviews and reviews of important tools used in Bayesian statistical methods." There is a strong upsurge in the use of Bayesian methods in applied statistical analysis, yet most introductory statistics texts only present frequentist methods. Bayesian statistics has many important advantages that students should learn about if they are going into fields where statistics will be used. In this third Edition, four newly-added chapters address topics that reflect the rapid advances in the field of Bayesian statistics. The authors continue to provide a Bayesian treatment of introductory statistical topics, such as scientific data gathering, discrete random variables, robust Bayesian methods, and Bayesian approaches to inference for discrete random variables, binomial proportions, Poisson, and normal means, and simple linear regression. In addition, more advanced topics in the field are presented in four new chapters: Bayesian inference for a normal with unknown mean and variance; Bayesian inference for a Multivariate Normal mean vector; Bayesian inference for the Multiple Linear Regression Model; and Computational Bayesian Statistics including Markov Chain Monte Carlo. The inclusion of these topics will facilitate readers' ability to advance from a minimal understanding of Statistics to the ability to tackle topics in more applied, advanced level books. Minitab macros and R functions are available on the book's related website to assist with chapter exercises. Introduction to Bayesian Statistics, Third Edition also features: Topics including the Joint Likelihood function and inference using independent Jeffreys priors and join conjugate prior The cutting-edge topic of computational Bayesian Statistics in a new chapter, with a unique focus on Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods Exercises throughout the book that have been updated to reflect new applications and the latest software applications Detailed appendices that guide readers through the use of R and Minitab software for Bayesian analysis and Monte Carlo simulations, with all related macros available on the book's website Introduction to Bayesian Statistics, Third Edition is a textbook for upper-undergraduate or first-year graduate level courses on introductory statistics course with a Bayesian emphasis. It can also be used as a reference work for statisticians who require a working knowledge of Bayesian statistics.

Download or read book Statistics from A to Z written by Andrew A. Jawlik and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-21 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistics is confusing, even for smart, technically competent people. And many students and professionals find that existing books and web resources don’t give them an intuitive understanding of confusing statistical concepts. That is why this book is needed. Some of the unique qualities of this book are: • Easy to Understand: Uses unique “graphics that teach” such as concept flow diagrams, compare-and-contrast tables, and even cartoons to enhance “rememberability.” • Easy to Use: Alphabetically arranged, like a mini-encyclopedia, for easy lookup on the job, while studying, or during an open-book exam. • Wider Scope: Covers Statistics I and Statistics II and Six Sigma Black Belt, adding such topics as control charts and statistical process control, process capability analysis, and design of experiments. As a result, this book will be useful for business professionals and industrial engineers in addition to students and professionals in the social and physical sciences. In addition, each of the 60+ concepts is covered in one or more articles. The 75 articles in the book are usually 5–7 pages long, ensuring that things are presented in “bite-sized chunks.” The first page of each article typically lists five “Keys to Understanding” which tell the reader everything they need to know on one page. This book also contains an article on “Which Statistical Tool to Use to Solve Some Common Problems”, additional “Which to Use When” articles on Control Charts, Distributions, and Charts/Graphs/Plots, as well as articles explaining how different concepts work together (e.g., how Alpha, p, Critical Value, and Test Statistic interrelate). ANDREW A. JAWLIK received his B.S. in Mathematics and his M.S. in Mathematics and Computer Science from the University of Michigan. He held jobs with IBM in marketing, sales, finance, and information technology, as well as a position as Process Executive. In these jobs, he learned how to communicate difficult technical concepts in easy - to - understand terms. He completed Lean Six Sigma Black Belt coursework at the IASSC - accredited Pyzdek Institute. In order to understand the confusing statistics involved, he wrote explanations in his own words and graphics. Using this material, he passed the certification exam with a perfect score. Those statistical explanations then became the starting point for this book.

Download or read book The Role of Statistics in Business and Industry written by Gerald J. Hahn and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An insightful guide to the use of statistics for solving key problems in modern-day business and industry This book has been awarded the Technometrics Ziegel Prize for the best book reviewed by the journal in 2010. Technometrics is a journal of statistics for the physical, chemical and engineering sciences, published jointly by the American Society for Quality and the American Statistical Association. Criteria for the award include that the book brings together in one volume a body of material previously only available in scattered research articles and having the potential to significantly improve practice in engineering and science. Highlighting the relevance of statistical methods in everyday applications, The Role of Statistics in Business and Industry bridges the gap between the tools of statistics and their use in today's business world. This one-of-a-kind resource encourages the proactive use of statistics in three well-organized and succinct parts: Setting the Stage provides an introduction to statistics, with a general overview of its uses in business and industry Manufactured Product Applications explains how statistical techniques assist in designing, building, improving, and ensuring the reliability of a wide variety of manufactured products such as appliances, plastic materials, aircraft engines, and locomotives Other Applications describe the role of statistics in pharmaceuticals, finance, and business services, as well as more specialized areas including the food, semiconductor, and communications industries This book is truly unique in that it first describes case studies and key business problems, and then shows how statistics is used to address them, while most literature on the topic does the reverse. This approach provides a comprehensive understanding of common issues and the most effective methods for their treatment. Each chapter concludes with general questions that allow the reader to test their understanding of the presented statistical concepts as well as technical questions that raise more complex issues. An extensive FTP site provides additional material, including solutions to some of the applications. With its accessible style and real-world examples, The Role of Statistics in Business and Industry is a valuable supplement for courses on applied statistics and statistical consulting at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also an ideal resource for early-career statisticians and practitioners who would like to learn the value of applying statistics to their everyday work.

Download or read book Information Quality written by Ron S. Kenett and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an important framework for data analysts in assessing the quality of data and its potential to provide meaningful insights through analysis Analytics and statistical analysis have become pervasive topics, mainly due to the growing availability of data and analytic tools. Technology, however, fails to deliver insights with added value if the quality of the information it generates is not assured. Information Quality (InfoQ) is a tool developed by the authors to assess the potential of a dataset to achieve a goal of interest, using data analysis. Whether the information quality of a dataset is sufficient is of practical importance at many stages of the data analytics journey, from the pre-data collection stage to the post-data collection and post-analysis stages. It is also critical to various stakeholders: data collection agencies, analysts, data scientists, and management. This book: Explains how to integrate the notions of goal, data, analysis and utility that are the main building blocks of data analysis within any domain. Presents a framework for integrating domain knowledge with data analysis. Provides a combination of both methodological and practical aspects of data analysis. Discusses issues surrounding the implementation and integration of InfoQ in both academic programmes and business / industrial projects. Showcases numerous case studies in a variety of application areas such as education, healthcare, official statistics, risk management and marketing surveys. Presents a review of software tools from the InfoQ perspective along with example datasets on an accompanying website. This book will be beneficial for researchers in academia and in industry, analysts, consultants, and agencies that collect and analyse data as well as undergraduate and postgraduate courses involving data analysis.

Download or read book Statistics for Six Sigma Green Belts with Minitab and JMP written by David Levine and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2008-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only book on the market that provides a simple nonmathematical presentation of the statistics needed by Six Sigma Green Belts. Every concept is explained in plain English with a minimum of mathematical symbols. Includes real-world examples, step by step instructions and sample output for Minitab and JMP software as well as downloadble, ready to use data sets and templates. Includes applications to service industries to help managers understand the role of Six Sigma in nonmanufacturing industries. Acknowledgments xvii About the Author xix Preface xxi Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Six Sigma 1 Chapter 2: Introduction to Statistics 7 Chapter 3: Presenting Data in Charts and Tables 23 Chapter 4: Descriptive Statistics 39 Chapter 5: Probability and Probability Distributions 59 Chapter 6: Sampling Distributions and Confidence Intervals 95 Chapter 7: Hypothesis Testing 113 Chapter 8: Design of Experiments 157 Chapter 9: Simple Linear Regression 211 Chapter 10: Multiple Regression 241 Chapter 11: Control Charts for Six Sigma Management 279 Appendix A: Review of Arithmetic and Algebra 321 Appendix B: Summation Notation 329 Appendix C: Statistical Tables 333 Appendix D: Documentation of Data Files 347 Glossary 349 Index 359

Download or read book Applied Statistics for Engineers and Scientists written by David M. Levine and published by Pearson. This book was released on 2001 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For courses in Probability and Statistics. This applied text for engineers and scientists, written in a non-theoretical manner, focuses on underlying principles that are important to students in a wide range of disciplines. It emphasizes the interpretation of results, the presentation and evaluation of assumptions, and the discussion of what should be done if the assumptions are violated. Integration of spreadsheet and statistical software (Microsoft Excel and Minitab) as well as in-depth coverage of quality and experimental design complete this treatment of statistics.