Download or read book Induction Bending of Internally Clad Steel Pipes written by Rex Thomas Alexandre and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cracking in corrosion resistant clad overlays on low alloy carbon steel pipes made with Alloy 825 has been experienced in the industry in an effort to reduce production costs by changing the cladding material from the more costly Alloy 625. A detailed metallurgical investigation was carried out to understand the root cause of the cracking phenomenon. Analysis consisting of optical and scanning electron microscopy along with hardness traverses and mapping revealed weld metal heat-affected zone liquation cracks in the second overlay after welding, as well as a region of high hardness in the planar growth region of the weld metal directly adjacent to the dissimilar metal weld interface. Serial sectioning shows that ductility-dip cracks form between the pre-existing weld metal liquation cracks and microcracks forming in the embrittled planar growth region, ultimately leading to through-thickness cracks of the overlay during induction bending. The strain-to-fracture test was modified to replicate the bending procedure, and an optimal parameter window consisting of bending temperature, total strain, and strain rate was identified based on test results. ThermoCalc pseudo-binary phase diagrams were created using both the equilibrium and Scheil models. Neither diagram predicts the formation of any low melting eutectic constituents that could lead to liquation during welding. EDS results show spikes of titanium in the bulk weld metal, presumably due to the presence of titanium carbide particles. A plot of solidus temperature versus weight percent titanium created in Thermocalc reveals severe melting point depression in the Alloy 825 matrix as the titanium content increases. It is hypothesized that the weld metal heat-affected zone liquation cracking occurs via constitutional liquation of titanium carbide particles in close proximity to the fusion zone during welding of the second overlay. The region of high hardness at the DMW interface was observed to correlate with microcracks forming in that region as initial straining began during induction bending. Gleeble testing showed that avoidance of microcrack formation by manipulation of bending parameters is not possible. A study on hardness at the interface during processes steps was performed, revealing that the hardness increase occurs during the normalizing post-weld heat treatment before bending. A DICTRA diffusion model was carried out to further understand the mechanism behind the increased hardness in the planar growth region. Results show a pile-up of carbon extending approximately 100-150 microns into the weld metal at the DMW interface. It is theorized that avoidance of microcracks at the DMW interface is best achieved by elimination of the PWHT. Replication of the induction bending process in the Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator was achieved by modification of the strain-to-fracture test. Results show that reducing the strain rate opens the safe bending parameter window in terms of temperature and total strain. A bending temperature of 975 ± 25 °C is suggested to successfully induction bend pipes without causing ductility-dip cracking.
Download or read book Induction hot bending of steel pipe api 5l x80 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neste trabalho são apresentados os efeitos do processo de curvamento aquente por indução na microestrutura e nas propriedades mecânicas do tubo API5L X80, fabricado pelo processo UOE, com chapa produzida através do processode laminação controlada sem resfriamento acelerado. O curvamento foi realizadocom aquecimento localizado, provocado por uma bobina de alta freqüência, seguido de resfriamento por jatos de água. O tubo curvado foi avaliado ecomparado com o tubo reto. Adicionalmente, foi realizado um tratamento térmicode revenido em parte da região curvada. Foram realizados ensaios mecânicos detração, microdureza e impacto Charpy-V, análises dimensionais e avaliaçãomicroestrutural. Verificou-se uma alteração significativa na microestrutura daregião curvada, resultando em uma curva com menores valores de temperatura detransição e limite de escoamento inferior ao do tubo original e ao requerido pornorma. O tratamento térmico aplicado na região curvada, mostrou-se eficientepara elevar o limite de escoamento para valores acima do mínimo especificadopela norma API 5L para o X80.
Download or read book Recommended Standards for Induction Bending of Pipe and Tube written by Tube & Pipe Association, International and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CASTI Handbook of Cladding Technology written by Liane Smith and published by ASM International(OH). This book was released on 2000 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook covers all aspects of clad products, the different means of manufacture, properties and applications in various industries
Download or read book Handbook of Engineering Practice of Materials and Corrosion written by Jung-Chul (Thomas) Eun and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-04 with total page 885 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is an in-depth guide to the practical aspects of materials and corrosion engineering in the energy and chemical industries. The book covers materials, corrosion, welding, heat treatment, coating, test and inspection, and mechanical design and integrity. A central focus is placed on industrial requirements, including codes, standards, regulations, and specifications that practicing material and corrosion engineers and technicians face in all roles and in all areas of responsibility. The comprehensive resource provides expert guidance on general corrosion mechanisms and recommends materials for the control and prevention of corrosion damage, and offers readers industry-tested best practices, rationales, and case studies.
Download or read book Pipe Tube Bending Manual written by John Gillanders and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1984 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book API Recommended Practice written by American Petroleum Institute. Production Dept and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pipe and Tube Bending written by Paul Bert Schubert and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recommended Practice on TFL through Flowline Systems written by American Petroleum Institute. Production Department and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Oilman written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Pipeline Engineering written by ABCM – Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 1700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings Offshore Technology Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pipeline Rules of Thumb Handbook written by E.W. McAllister and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2015-06-02 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic reference has built a reputation as the "go to" book to solve even the most vexing pipeline problems. Now in its seventh edition, Pipeline Rules of Thumb Handbook continues to set the standard by which all others are judged. The 7th edition features over 30% new and updated sections, reflecting the exponential changes in the codes, construction and equipment since the sixth edition. The seventh edition includes: recommended drill sizes for self-tapping screws, new ASTM standard reinforcing bars, calculations for calculating grounding resistance, national Electrical Code tables, Corilis meters, pump seals, progressive cavity pumps and accumulators for lubricating systems. * Shortcuts for pipeline construction, design, and engineering * Calculations methods and handy formulas * Turnkey solutions to the most vexing pipeline problems
Download or read book Development of Internally Coated Steel Pipes for Hot water Services written by T. Arai and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
