Download or read book Indoor Exposure Patterns of Traffic related Air Pollutants Inside of Lower Socioeconomic Status Urban Homes written by Lisa Kelly Baxter and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Indoor Pollutants written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1981-01-01 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses pollution from tobacco smoke, radon and radon progeny, asbestos and other fibers, formaldehyde, indoor combustion, aeropathogens and allergens, consumer products, moisture, microwave radiation, ultraviolet radiation, odors, radioactivity, and dirt and discusses means of controlling or eliminating them.
Download or read book WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.
Download or read book Assessment of Exposure to Indoor Air Pollutants written by Matti Jantunen and published by WHO Regional Office Europe. This book was released on 1997 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most people spend most of their time indoors, and the poor quality of the indoor environment is a strong determinant of a variety of health problems. The principal way of preventing adverse health effects is to eliminate exposure to hazardous factors. But first, standardized methods of assessing exposure are necessary to assess the risk to health and to select optimal risk management actions. This book aims to facilitate the implementation of exposure assessment methods in public health practice.
Download or read book Health Effects of Transport related Air Pollution written by Michal Krzyzanowski and published by WHO Regional Office Europe. This book was released on 2005 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diseases related to the air pollution caused by road transport affect tens of thousands of people in the WHO Europe region each year. This publication considers the policy challenges involved in the need to reduce the related risks to public health and the environment, whilst meeting socio-economic requirements for effective transport systems. It sets out a systematic review of the literature and a comprehensive evaluation of the health hazards of transport-related air pollution, including factors determining emissions, the contribution of traffic to pollution levels, human exposure and the results of epidemiological and toxicological studies to identify and measure the health effects, and suggestions for policy actions and further research.
Download or read book Air Pollution the Automobile and Public Health written by Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The combination of scientific and institutional integrity represented by this book is unusual. It should be a model for future endeavors to help quantify environmental risk as a basis for good decisionmaking." â€"William D. Ruckelshaus, from the foreword. This volume, prepared under the auspices of the Health Effects Institute, an independent research organization created and funded jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency and the automobile industry, brings together experts on atmospheric exposure and on the biological effects of toxic substances to examine what is knownâ€"and not knownâ€"about the human health risks of automotive emissions.
Download or read book Indoor Air Pollution written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1996-07 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Will help health professionals diagnose an individual's signs and symptoms that could be related to an indoor air pollution problem. Arranged according to pollutant group: environmental tobacco smoke, other combustion products, animal dander, molds, dust mites, other biologicals, volatile organic compounds, heavy metals (lead and mercury), sick building syndrome, and asbestos and radon. Provides diagnostic leads to help determine causes of each health problem. Answers common questions patients may have. Resources for health professionals and patients.
Download or read book A Modeling Investigation of Human Exposure to Select Traffic Related Air Pollutants in the Tampa Area written by Haofei Yu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing vehicle dependence in the United States has resulted in substantial emissions of traffic-related air pollutants that contribute to the deterioration of urban air quality. Exposure to urban air pollutants trigger a number of public health concerns, including the potential of inequality of exposures and health effects among population subgroups. To better understand the impact of traffic-related pollutants on air quality, exposure, and exposure inequality, modeling methods that can appropriately characterize the spatiotemporally resolved concentration distributions of traffic-related pollutants need to be improved. These modeling methods can then be used to investigate the impacts of urban design and transportation management choices on air quality, pollution exposures, and related inequality. This work will address these needs with three objectives: 1) to improve modeling methods for investigating interactions between city and transportation design choices and air pollution exposures, 2) to characterize current exposures and the social distribution of exposures to traffic-related air pollutants for the case study area of Hillsborough County, Florida, and 3) to determine expected impacts of urban design and transportation management choices on air quality, air pollution exposures, and exposure inequality. To achieve these objectives, the impacts of a small-scale transportation management project, specifically the '95 Express' high occupancy toll lane project, on pollutant emissions and nearby air quality was investigated. Next, a modeling method capable of characterizing spatiotemporally resolved pollutant emissions, concentrations, and exposures was developed and applied to estimate the impact of traffic-related pollutants on exposure and exposure inequalities among several population subgroups in Hillsborough County, Florida.
Download or read book Indoor Air Pollution an Emerging Health Problem written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Indoor Air Pollution written by David Mulenga and published by . This book was released on 2020-09-26 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a paucity of scientific literature on indoor air pollution (IAP) concentration levels and its adverse health effects in sub-Saharan African. Although prenatal exposure to indoor air pollutants has in many cases been significantly associated with a number of adverse maternal and child health outcomes, little attention on monitoring air pollutants in Sub-Saharan households. This book explores the magnitude of particulate matter (PM2.5 in μg/m3) and volatile organic compounds (voc in ppb) in Masaiti rural and Ndola urban districts of Zambia. It presents major environmental determinants of indoor air pollutants in rural and urban households in Zambia. The author uses the indoor air monitoring data to evaluate the association between prenatal exposure to indoor air pollution on mother's respiratory health and the occurrence of low birth weight, preterm birth and small for gestational age. Findings indicate that exposures experienced by pregnant women, who spend a large proportion of their time indoors and are involved in routine domestic use of biomass fuels for cooking even during pregnancy, have been measured to be many times higher than World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Therefore, in order to improve maternal and child health indices in sub-Saharan Africa and further reduce the disease burden due to indoor air pollution in general, the author recommends the following: - Increase availability of data on concentrations of indoor air pollution to aid in planning and development of national standards in sub-Saharan Africa. - Reinforce regulatory policies on clean energy use at household level and emissions in general. - Scale up research in and use of emerging low-cost sensors for assessing indoor air pollution periodically. - Raise levels of awareness among populations, especially women and children on adverse health effects of biomass use in sub-Saharan Africa.
Download or read book Indoor Pollution written by Edward Kratzer and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000-04 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides information on the status of federal agencies' research activities on indoor environmental quality. It (1) characterizes the current scientific understanding of the health risks of pollutants commonly found in indoor environments & the sources of exposure to these pollutants; (2) provides information on the federal funding of indoor pollution-related research in recent years & the advances in the scientific understanding of indoor pollution & the ability to control it that have resulted from this spending; & (3) identifies the gaps in the knowledge & understanding of the problems & the solutions for dealing with it, as well as the implications for future research.
Download or read book Indoor Pollutants written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Indoor Pollutants and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1981 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses pollution from tobacco smoke, radon and radon progeny, asbestos and other fibers, formaldehyde, indoor combustion, aeropathogens and allergens, consumer products, moisture, microwave radiation, ultraviolet radiation, odors, radioactivity, and dirt and discusses means of controlling or eliminating them.
Download or read book Traffic Related Air Pollution written by Haneen Khreis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-08-20 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic-Related Air Pollution synthesizes and maps TRAP and its impact on human health at the individual and population level. The book analyzes mitigating standards and regulations with a focus on cities. It provides the methods and tools for assessing and quantifying the associated road traffic emissions, air pollution, exposure and population-based health impacts, while also illuminating the mechanisms underlying health impacts through clinical and toxicological research. Real-world implications are set alongside policy options, emerging technologies and best practices. Finally, the book recommends ways to influence discourse and policy to better account for the health impacts of TRAP and its societal costs. - Overviews existing and emerging tools to assess TRAP's public health impacts - Examines TRAP's health effects at the population level - Explores the latest technologies and policies--alongside their potential effectiveness and adverse consequences--for mitigating TRAP - Guides on how methods and tools can leverage teaching, practice and policymaking to ameliorate TRAP and its effects
Download or read book Exposure to Hazardous Air Pollutants in Homes written by Diana Esther Hun and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior studies have found that human exposure to hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) occurs in homes; however, the depth of these assessments was limited by the extent of the analyzed data. The present Ph. D. dissertation focused on air contaminants of concern in residential buildings, the possible sources of these pollutants, and population subgroups with greater contaminant risk. This research also evaluated the effects of building characteristics and household activity patterns on indoor pollution and risk levels. To this end, an in-depth analysis was performed of data from the Relationships of Indoor, Outdoor and Personal Air (RIOPA) study, one of the most comprehensive exposure assessments to date. Using personal concentrations from the RIOPA study, a cancer risk assessment was performed to identify both important pollutants and populations at higher risk. The analyzed compounds were acetaldehyde, benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, p-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB), ethylbenzene, formaldehyde, methylene chloride, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), styrene, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene. Results indicate that Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites had median cumulative cancer risks (CCR) of 520x10-6 and 440x10-6, respectively, for which the main contributors were formaldehyde, p-DCB, acetaldehyde, chloroform and benzene. Statistically significant differences in CCR between and within Hispanic and whites were primarily due to exposures to p-DCB. Exposure to formaldehyde was further investigated because this compound was the largest contributor to CCR for 69% of Hispanics and 88% of whites, and because most participants had similar cancer risks from these exposures (median = 260x10-6, coefficient of variance = 28%). Results suggest that the U.S. population may be experiencing chronic exposures because of long-term formaldehyde emissions from pressed-wood materials bound with urea-formaldehyde resins. Source removal may be the most effective way to decrease these chronic exposures. Benzene was also examined further because it is a known human carcinogen. Results show that indoor benzene concentrations increased as the proximity of parked vehicles decreased. Residing in a home with an attached garage could lead to exposures to benzene ten times higher than while commuting in a car in heavy traffic, and with mean excess cancers of 17x10-6. Detached garages could reduce health risks from exposure to benzene and other gasoline-related pollutants.
Download or read book Indoor Pollution written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Indoor Air Quality Human Health written by Isaac Turiel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-08-06 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1985. This book seeks to fill the gap of publicly available and understandable information on the subject of indoor air pollution and its public health effects. Its purpose is to provide general information on indoor air pollution sources and the pollutants commonly found indoors, and also to explore the potential health effects arising from exposure to these pollutants
Download or read book Exposure Assessment in Environmental Epidemiology written by Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This completely updated edition of Exposure Assessment in Environmental Epidemiology offers a practical introduction to exposure assessment methodologies in environmental epidemiologic studies. In addition to methods for traditional methods -- questionnaires, biomonitoring -- this new edition is expanded to include geographic information systems, modeling, personal sensoring, remote sensing, and OMICs technologies. In addition, each of these methods is contextualized within a recent epidemiology study, maximizing illustration for students and those new to these to these techniques. With clear writing and extensive illustration, this book will be useful to anyone interested in exposure assessment, regardless of background.
