Download or read book Increasing Yield of Late planted Soybean Through Management Practices in the Southern Great Plains written by Alexandre Stefani Barreiro and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased soybean commodity prices and high-yielding cultivars have instigated producers to expand soybean production outside traditional regions. Introduction of soybean to relatively new areas such as the Southern Great Plains, has created the need for management practices unique to the region to exploit full yield potential in these environments. Oklahoma soybean production, for instance, frequently results in low yields due its adverse environmental conditions, along with common late-plantings, as a double crop following wheat harvest. Due to soybean photoperiod sensitivity, delayed planting leads to a shortened vegetative growth period, which potentially reduces seed yield. The influence of management practices, such as seeding rate, row spacing, maturity group selection, starter and foliar fertilization, irrigation, and the use of long juvenile soybean lines, on late-planted soybean yields has not yet been evaluated in the Southern Great Plains. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the effect of these specific management strategies on late-planted soybean yields and their potential adoption in the Southern Great Plains to minimize yield losses in these late production systems. Four different field studies were established on late plantings in Oklahoma as followed by numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4: 1) Four seeding rates ranging from 198,000 to 383,000 seeds ha-1, three row spacings (19, 38, and 76 cm) and two maturity groups (4.8 and 5.6) under rainfed conditions. Seed yield, plant population, canopy cover, and partial economic return were analyzed. Seed yield was not affected by seeding density, but yield results for 38 and 76 cm row spacings showed slight advantage to 19 cm rows. Partial economic return of 38 and 76 cm rows ranged from 13 to 25% greater than 19 cm row spacing, with the greatest returns at the lowest seeding densities. 2) Three soybean lines from maturity group (MG) 6, 7, and 8 carrying the long juvenile trait (LJ) were compared to three high-yielding varieties from MG 3, 4, and 5, in four planting dates from late-May to late-June. Vegetative growth period, canopy cover, seed yield, and seed quality were evaluated. Long juvenile soybean lines had greater growth but similar yields compared to non LJ varieties, due to the extended growth period overlapping early reproductive stages diminishing seed production potential. 3) Fertilization strategies including two starter and four foliar treatments were compared to a control treatment with no fertilizer applied. Starter or foliar treatments resulted in no seed yield differences compared to control treatment. 4) Soybean from MGs 4.8 and 5.6 were sown in 19 and 76 cm row spacings at three seeding rates (247,000, 346,000, and 445,000 seeds ha-1 were tested under irrigated conditions and seed yield evaluated. Seed yield of late-planted soybean under irrigation was affected only by MG. Seeding rate and row spacing had no effect on yield. Average yield of MG 4.8, across row spacings and years was 2620 kg ha−1, which was 25 % greater than MG 5.6 yield (1980 kg ha−1).
Download or read book A Data driven Approach to Evaluating Soybean Best Management Practices written by Emma Grace Matcham and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regularly evaluating best management practices for soybean is important to maintaining agronomic crop production as the climate and seed varieties change over time. Many phosphorous and potassium fertilizer recommendations in the North Central US are based on the build-maintain framework and were developed in 1970s and 80s and are due to be reevaluated. To estimate the yield-maximizing soil test potassium level (YMK) under current growing conditions, nutrient management records and yield maps from southern WI were analyzed via quadratic quantile regression to estimate both overall YMK and determine if YMK varied across the study space. The overall YMK was 76 ppm, and lower buffer pH and organic matter levels were associated with higher YMK. Some fertilizer recommendations include leaf tissue K concentrations in addition to soil test K levels. Results of a 2021 on-farm trial indicate that the critical K concentration in soybean leaf tissue is 2.04%. The relationship between K soil test results from Bray-1 extraction and Mehlich-3 extraction for silty loam soils was represented by the linear regression line Bray = 0.77 * Mehlich - 0.75. Management decisions that increase soybean yield are region-specific and vary between planting dates, so larger multi-state research projects are valuable for developing best management practices. In a survey study of soybean farmers in ten North Central US states, late-planted fields had higher yields associated with tillage and using both a PRE and POST herbicide application. Early-planted fields had higher yields associated with artificial drainage, insecticide seed treatment, and lower seeding rates. Less variation between sites was observed in a small-plot study of foliar fertilizers across 46 site-years in 16 eastern US states. Foliar fertilizers did not increase soybean yield in the absence of visual symptoms of nutrient deficiency. In multi-state and on-farm research, efficient processing of yield maps represents a research bottleneck. A new R package, cleanRfield, allows for more efficient processing of yield maps. Together, these projects represent ways for multistate and multidisciplinary teams to leverage technology and improve best management practices for soybean production.
Download or read book Effects of Late Planting Dates Maturity Groups and Management Systems on Growth Development and Yield of Soybean in South Carolina written by Mengxuan Hu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Planting date plays a significant role in determining soybean growth, development and seed yield. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of late planting date, management system, and maturity group on the growth, development and seed yield of maturity group VII and VIII soybean under dry land conditions in the Southeastern coastal plain of the United States. Plant growth and development, seed yield, yield components, and seed oil and protein concentrations were evaluated throughout the season. These experiments were conducted in South Carolina at the Edisto Research and Education Center near Blackville and the Pee Dee Research and Education Center near Florence. Soybean was planted at four weekly intervals starting on 15-June in both 2011 and 2012. Pioneer 97M50 (a MG VII determinate variety) and Prichard Roundup Ready (a MG VIII determinate variety) were selected based on their adaptation to the Southeast. The two management systems were: a strip-till (ST) system using a John Deere MaxEmerge Vaccum planter + Unverferth 300 strip till with 96-cm row spacing and a drilled no-till (NT) planting system with 19-cm row spacing. Plant growth was evaluated based on leaf area index (LAI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and plant height (HT). Plant development was calculated based on the duration (days) of growth stages. Growth stages were recorded weekly from 10 randomly selected plants in each plot. The beginning of each stage was determined when at least 50% of plants were at that stage. Overall, planting after 22 June appeared to reduce seed yield. The ST system increased the seed yield compared to the drilled NT system. Yields were greater for the MG VIII variety than the MG VII variety. LAI, NDVI, and HT at R2 and R4 were generally reduced with delayed planting dates. Later planting shortened the duration of both vegetative and reproductive growth stages for both MG VII and VIII soybeans. Shortened duration of vegetative growth and seed filling period might have contributed most to the lower yields observed in delayed planting dates. Planting date did not affect either protein or oil concentration. Protein concentration in the seed was found to be significantly higher and oil concentration lower in soybean grown in the ST system than in the drilled NT system. Positive correlations were found between: seed yield and LAI, NDVI, and HT at R2 and R4; seed yield and duration of vegetative and seed filling growth period; and seed yield and dry weight of each plant part (branches, stems, petioles, leaves, and pods).
Download or read book Identifying Optimal Management Decisions Based on Soybean Planting Date written by Thomas Bernard Siler and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The practice of early-season soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.] planting has been increasing in the northern US. However, a wide range of planting dates (PDs) are still implemented due to poor soil conditions, inclement weather, equipment restrictions, crop rotation, and operation size. Information regarding how soybean management decisions should be adjusted based on PD is lacking in Michigan and other northern US regions. This research was conducted to identify how optimal soybean seeding rate (SR), seed treatment (ST) use, and variety maturity group (MG) selection is determined by PD. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Michigan during the 2018 and 2019 growing season. In the first experiment, soybean was planted at five SRs, between 123,553 and 518,921 seeds ha−1, with or without a ST, on four PDs (late-April to late-June). In the second experiment, six soybean MGs, between 1.0 and 3.5, were planted on four PDs (late-April to late-June). The use of a ST did not improve yield or net returns in this study. When soybean was planted before mid-May, seed yield and net returns were maximized by planting a late MG (≥ 3.0) at a SR between 187,660 and 201,451 seeds ha−1. The optimal SR between the mid-May and early-June PDs was between 220,301 and 265,305 seeds ha−1 and MG selection had less influence on seed yield compared to earlier PDs. When planting was delayed to late-June, using an early MG (≤ 2.5) resulted in the optimal yield and the optimal SR was > 330,000. Results from this study show that soybean yield, quality, and net returns can be improved by adjusting management practices based on PD.
Download or read book IGrow Soybeans written by and published by . This book was released on 2013-07-03 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agronomic recommendations for soybean production in the Midwest
Download or read book Managing Cover Crops Profitably 3rd Ed written by Andy Clark and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.
Download or read book Evaluation of Soybean Glycine Max Planting Dates and Plant Densities in Northern Growing Regions of the Northern Great Plains written by Cassandra Tkachuk and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) planting date and plant density are agronomic decisions made simultaneously at the beginning of the growing season that can be used to maximize yield and economic return. Research on these basic soybean agronomic decisions must be conducted to support the expansion of soybean production in northern growing regions of the Northern Great Plains (NGP). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of planting dates based on soil temperature on soybean emergence, maturity, and yield for short and long season varieties in Manitoba, and to determine optimum soybean plant density for early to very late planting dates in northern growing regions of the NGP. In the first experiment, calendar date had a greater influence than soil temperature at planting on soybean yield. Soybean yield declined with later planting rather than increasing soil temperature at planting. The earliest planting dates resulted in the greatest soybean yields. In the second experiment, soybean yield-density relationships were responsive to planting date. Yield-density relationships formed early/mid (May 4 to 26) and late/very late (June 2 to 23) planting date groups for combined site years. Early/mid planting dates resulted in greater maximum yields. According to the yield-density model, true yield maximization did not occur for any planting dates and site years within the range of plant densities tested in this field study. Soybean economic optimum seed densities (EOSDs) were much lower than predicted plant densities that maximized yield. Soybean EOSDs were identified as 492,000 and 314,000 seeds ha-1 by marginal cost analysis for early/mid and late/very late planting, respectfully. These values were sensitive to changes in soybean grain price and seed cost. Thus, growers need to adjust EOSDs for changes in price and cost. A combined analysis of soybean yields from both experiments using similar target plant densities determined that a significant negative linear relationship existed between soybean yield and planting date. The greatest soybean yields resulted from early planting and declined by 16 kg ha-1 for each one-day delay in planting from Apr 27 to June 16. However, yield responses varied among site years. The overall recommendation from this study would be to plant soybeans during the month of May at a profit-maximizing seed density, accounting for fluctuating grain price and seed cost.
Download or read book Strategies for Increasing Soybean Yields at Late Planting Dates written by J. E. Board and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Improving Soybean Performance in the Northern Great Plains Through the Use of Cover Crops written by Kurt J. Dagel and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soybean written by Minobu Kasai and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-02-20 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants are important for a permanent ecosystem, because in the ecological pyramid plants support all the other living organisms at the base. Very important organization is thought to be the integral process of resource, transport, partitioning, metabolism, and production, which involves yield, biomass, and productivity in plants. Accordingly, it is important to obtain more information about the knowledge concerning yield, biomass, and productivity in plants. Soybean is one of the main crops largely contributing to our life, which is thought to be connected to our ecosystem through the above-mentioned integral process. This book focuses on the soybean, and reviews and research concerning the yield, biomass, and productivity of soybean are presented herein. This text updates the book published in 2017. Although there are many difficulties, the main aim of this book is to present a basis for the above-mentioned integral processes of resource, transport, partitioning, metabolism, and production, which involves yield, biomass, and productivity in plants (soybean), and to understand what supports this basis and the integral process. It is hoped that this and the preceding book will be essential reads.
Download or read book Agricultural Systems Modeling and Simulation written by Robert M. Peart and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-09-16 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a treatment of modern applications of modelling and simulation in crop, livestock, forage/livestock systems, and field operations. The book discusses methodologies from linear programming and neutral networks, to expert or decision support systems, as well as featuring models, such as SOYGRO, CROPGRO and GOSSYM/COMAX. It includes coverage on evaporation and evapotranspiration, the theory of simulation based on biological processes, and deficit irrigation scheduling.
Download or read book Soybean Planting Date and Seeding Rate Effects on Stand Loss Grain Yield Agronomic Optimum Seeding Rate Partial Net Economic Return and Seed Quality written by Fabiano Colet and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Planting soybean early (late April through early May) is recommended to achieve high grain yields. However, unfavorable conditions can limit farmers’ ability to plant during the recommended period, and thus, an increase in the seeding rate may be necessary. Also, weather conditions can affect seed quality, and choosing an adequate planting date can mitigate the impacts of unfavorable weather on the seed. Thus, the objectives of this study were to (1) measure the effect of planting date and seeding rate on stand loss over the growing season, (2) measure the effect of soybean seeding rate and planting date on grain yield, (3) identify the agronomic optimum soybean seeding rate (AOSR) and the partial economic return for the lowest and highest soybean price, and (4) measure the effect of soybean planting date and seeding rate on harvested seed mass, seed germination, and seedling vigor. For these objectives, a field study was conducted for two growing seasons at two locations in Ohio: Western (WARS) and Northwest (NWARS) Agricultural Research Stations. The experimental design used was a split-plot randomized complete block with four replications. The main plot factor was four planting dates ranging from 25 April through 10 July, and the split-plot factor was five seeding rates ranging from 123,500 to 618,000 seeds ha-1. At WARS-2020, planting soybeans in April through early June had a similar grain yield (5,090-5,285 kg ha-1), while there was a reduction in grain yield when soybean was planted in late June (4,216 kg ha-1). In contrast, in WARS-2021, planting dates did not statically influence grain yield. At NWARS-2020, a small amount of rainfall during the pod-setting growth stages (R3-R4 stages) impacted and reduced the grain yield for soybeans planted in April (3,113 kg ha-1) and May (2,909 kg ha-1) when compared to soybean planted on early-June (3,595 kg ha-1). The AOSR changed among site-years. For soybean grown under normal weather conditions, the AOSR needed to be increased as planting was delayed to achieve the highest grain yield. The planting date factor also impacted soybean seed quality. The germination rate in all site-years was above 94%; however, soybean planted in early June had the lowest seedling vigor results (64 to 81%) compared to other planting dates (80 to 89%) in both locations. These findings can help growers improve grain yield, increase economic return, and produce high-quality seeds.
Download or read book High Yield Soybean Management written by Evan B. Sonderegger and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Developing the System written by Jeffrey Andrew Liebert and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cultural practices are an integral component of a multi-tactic approach to weed management. In cover crop-based organic rotational no-till soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) production, these practices play a particularly important role in the absence of mechanical weed management. In this system, a fall-planted winter cereal cover crop, such as cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), is mechanically terminated with a roller-crimper in the spring to create a layer of mulch. Soybean is then no-till planted through the mulch, which serves as the primary form of weed suppression. Species and cultivar selection, planting date, planting rate, timing of termination, and fertility management are all common cultural practices that can be used to enhance the weed suppression effects provided by these fall-planted cover crops. Previous research has focused on adjusting these practices to maximize cereal rye biomass and create a thick layer of mulch. However, high biomass production can be difficult to achieve, and thick mulch can impede adequate seed-to-soil contact during soybean planting. To overcome the challenges associated with excessive biomass production, our research investigated cultural practices that enhance shading before and after no-till planting soybean. In this way, our research aimed to optimize both early- and late-season weed suppression, which has the potential to improve soybean performance and economic profitability. Based on differences in plant height and leaf morphology, our first experiment assessed whether intercropping barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and cereal rye would improve shading prior to termination and reduce weed biomass compared with either species in monoculture. In contrast to previous efforts to improve weed suppression through cover crop management, our approach was predicated on enhanced shading without a concomitant increase in biomass production. Conducted from 2012 to 2014 in central New York, the two species were seeded in a replacement series (barley:cereal rye, 0:100 , 50:50, and 100:0). Average weed biomass across all treatments in late summer ranged from 0.5 to 1.1 Mg ha-1 in 2013 and 0.6 to 1.3 Mg ha-1 in 2014. Although weed biomass tended to decrease as the proportion of cereal rye in the mixture increased, soybean population also decreased as the proportion of cereal rye increased in 2013. The results from our partial correlation analyses indicated that shading prior to cover crop termination explained more variation in weed biomass than cover crop biomass. Our second experiment examined the cultural practice of using high soybean planting rates to improve weed suppression by attaining canopy closure more rapidly and maximizing light interception. This tactic can minimize weed germination, decrease weed competitive ability, and reduce the fecundity of weeds that have emerged prior to terminating a cover crop with a rollercrimper, thereby improving long-term weed seedbank management. The experiment was conducted in 2014 in central (Aurora) and eastern (Hurley) New York, and planting rates of 198,000; 395,000; 595,000; 790,000; and 990,000 seeds ha-1 were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Weed biomass decreased and soybean yield increased as soybean population increased at both sites. An asymptotic relationship between increasing soybean population and yield was observed, and the maximum yields were estimated at 2,506 kg ha-1 in Aurora and 3,282 kg ha-1 in Hurley. Partial returns declined beyond the predicted economically optimal planting rates of 650,000 and 720,000 seeds ha-1 in Aurora and Hurley, respectively, as greater seed costs were no longer offset by an increase in soybean yield. Our research has demonstrated that there are meaningful gains to be made by optimizing cultural practices for both cover crop and soybean management. Enhancing early-season shading with cover crop mixtures has the potential to minimize the challenges associated with excessive biomass production, while still maintaining adequate weed suppression. As a complementary cultural practice, high soybean planting rates can improve late-season shading via earlier canopy closure, which contributes to enhanced weed suppression, higher yields, and greater profitability.
Download or read book Response of Soybeans to Planting Date written by Clark Harvey and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Best Management Practices of Non irrigated Soybean Glycine Max Production Systems in the Mid South written by Zach Reynolds and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments were conducted to evaluate the most profitable and effective management practices for non-irrigated soybean production. Common production practices were compared side by side to evaluate yield response and economic returns. Combinations of row spacings and planting dates were evaluated to determine interactions between the two factors and also the effects on yield. Lastly, the effectiveness of various iron sources was examined in iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) susceptible soybeans when applied foliar, in-furrow at planting, and a split application. These data suggest that in non-irrigated soybeans, “low input management” practices do not maximize yields, but can be more profitable, depending on soybean market price and input costs, when compared to “full management”. Results also reveal that no interaction between row spacing and planting date occurred with respect to soybean yield. However, planting date did influence soybean yield with the earlier planting dates, mid-April, and mid-May providing the greatest yield. When examining row spacing, soybean grown on rows spaced 38.10 cm apart resulted in greater yield when compared to those grown on 96.52 cm rows. The iron product that consistently provided the greatest visual reduction of IDC symptoms was Sequestar 6% EDDHA chelate applied at 0.20 and 0.27 kg ai ha-1. This treatment was only effective when applied in-furrow at planting. However, it was found that soybean yield was not influenced by any iron product or application timing, indicating that visual symptoms of IDC may be managed, but that the visual reduction in symptoms does not translate into yield.
Download or read book Planting Date and Maturity Group Selection to Maximize Soybean Yield and Subsequent Dry Matter and Nutrient Uptake Partitioning and Removal written by Adam Paul Gaspar and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As soybeans have become a major U.S. crop and key component in different cropping systems over the past half century, advancements in breeding and production practices have shown gains in yield and economic profitability for producers. Important production considerations included soil fertility, proper maturity group (MG) selection, and planting date. In southern Wisconsin, maximum yields are reduced by 21.2 kg ha-1 day-1 after May 10th (Gaspar and Conley, 2015). Growers have realized this effect and gradually shifted their soybean planting earlier. However, some believe that while producers are planting earlier and experiencing a longer growing season, they have not adequately adjusted their soybean MG's. Coincident with earlier planting dates is the increased risk of sub-optimal stands and the need for replanting some years. Proper replanting methods (fill-in) and optimal final plant stands (>247,000 plants ha-1) have been determined by Gaspar and Conley (2015) but again, the proper MG to use in replant or essentially late planting scenarios to maximize yield and avoid fall frost damage is unclear. This document provides data demonstrating the importance of MG selection and the negative impact of delayed planting in the Northern Corn Belt. Economically and environmentally sustainable soil fertility programs are a necessity for modern soybean production systems. Unfortunately, soybean nutrient uptake and partitioning models are primarily built from work conducted in the early 1960's with obsolete soybean genetics and production practices (Hanway and Weber, 1971a; Hanway and Weber, 1971b). Since the 1960's, yields have nearly doubled to 2906 kg ha-1 in 2013 (USDA-NASS, 2014b) and soybean physiology has been altered with approximately one additional week of reproductive growth (Rowntree et al., 2014) and greater harvest index's (HI) (Kumudini et al., 2001) for currently cultivated varieties. More precise and accurate estimates have the potential to increase grower profitability by applying only what the crop needs while possibly decreasing the environmental impact in terms of nutrient loads in the Mississippi watershed, which accounts for more than 90% of all US soybean acres (USDA-ERS, 2014). This document highlights large changes in nutrient uptake, partitioning, and removal of current soybean genetics and production practices.
