Download or read book Increased Tooth Crown Size in Females from Opposite sex Dizygotic Twins written by Daniela Cisoto Ribeiro and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies in rodents and humans have suggested that masculinisation of females and feminisation of males can occur between fetuses in utero due to hormonal diffusion. Opposite-sex twin pairs provide a useful model to study the effects of prenatal hormone diffusion on tooth size. This study aims to determine whether primary and permanent tooth sizes are altered in females and/or males from opposite-sex dizygotic (DZOS) twins compared with same-sex monozygotic (MZ) or dizygotic (DZSS) twins; to assess the sexual dimorphism between males and females from all zygosities; and to quantify the amount and magnitude of dental asymmetries, both directional and fluctuating asymmetries, in the different twin groups. Serial dental models of the primary, mixed and permanent dentitions of 122 males and 135 females, aged from 4 to 16 years of age from DZOS, MZ and DZSS twin pairs, were used. Mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) crown dimensions, crown heights (CH) and intercuspal (IC) dimensions of all primary teeth and the permanent central incisors, lower lateral incisors, canines, second premolars, first and second molars were measured to an accuracy of 0.1mm using a 2D image analysis system. Dental crowns of DZOS females were consistently larger by approximately 1-3% in MD and BL dimensions, by 2.7-4.7% in CH dimensions and by 0.5-0.8% in IC dimensions of permanent teeth compared with other female groups. Although the differences were smaller than in the permanent dentition, the primary dentition also showed larger dental crown size in DZOS females by 0.5-2% in MD and BL dimensions, 3% in CH and by 1% in IC dimensions. No systematic trend for altered tooth size was found in either dentition or for any of the crown dimensions between the male twin groups. There was no evidence of systematic directional asymmetry in either dentition in males or females from all the different zygosity groups, whereas fluctuating asymmetry was evident in all groups with the magnitude being smaller for MD and BL dimensions compared with CH and IC dimensions. There was no evidence that the magnitude of fluctuating asymmetry differed significantly between the different zygosity groups. This analysis shows a trend for primary and permanent dental crown size to be larger in DZOS females than in the other female twins. A multivariate analysis of variance confirmed that there were statistically significant differences between the twin zygosity groups, with the CH dimensions showing the greatest effect. No effects were found in DZOS males. The effects on DZOS females may be related to circulating male hormones from the co-twin in utero, supporting the view that variation in tooth size reflects an interplay between genetic, epigenetic and environmental influences during development, with hormonal effects playing a small but significant role.
Download or read book New Directions in Dental Anthropology written by Grant Townsend and published by University of Adelaide Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: his book contains papers arising from a symposium held during a combined meeting of The International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (IUAES), The Australian Anthropological Society (AAS) and The Association of Social Anthropologists of Aotearoa New Zealand at the University of Western Australia from July 5-8th, 2011. It follows on from a recently published Special Issue Supplement of Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 54, December 2009 that contains papers from an International Workshop on Oral Growth and Development held in Liverpool in 2007 and edited by Professor Alan Brook. Together, these two publications provide a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art approaches to study dental development and variation, and open up opportunities for future collaborative research initiatives, a key aim of the International Collaborating Network in Oro-facial Genetics and Development that was founded in Liverpool in 2007. The aim of the symposium held at The University of Western Australia in 2011 was to emphasise some of the powerful new strategies offered by the science of dental anthropology to elucidate the historical lineage of human groups and also to reconstruct environmental factors that have acted on the teeth by analysing dental morphological features. In recent years, migration, as well as increases and decreases in the size of different human populations, have been evident as a result of globalisation. Dental features are also changing associated with changes in nutritional status, different economic or social circumstances, and intermarriage between peoples. Dental anthropological studies have explored these changes with the use of advanced techniques and refined methodologies. New paradigms are also evolving in the field of dental anthropology. When considered together with the recent special issue of Archives of Oral Biology that highlighted the importance of research approaches focused at both the molecular and phenotypic levels, it is clear that we have now reached a very exciting stage in our ability to address key questions and issues about the normal and abnormal development of the dentition, as well as the diseases that commonly affect our teeth and gums.
Download or read book Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Morphological Variation in the Human Permanent Dentition written by Paula Jane Dempsey and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elucidates the nature and extent of genetic and environmental contributions to variation in permanent tooth crown size. Sibling correlations are compared to find evidence of sex-linked genes contributing to crown size. This hypothesis was tested by comparing mean tooth size in female-male opposite-sex twins with same-sex twins, and singletons.
Download or read book Twin Mythconceptions written by Nancy L. Segal and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-02-08 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twin Mythconceptions: False Beliefs, Fables, and Facts about Twins sheds new light on over 70 commonly held ideas and beliefs about the origins and development of identical and fraternal twins. Using the latest scientific findings from psychology, psychiatry, biology, and education, the book separates fact from fiction. Each idea about twins is described, followed by both a short answer about the truth, and then a longer, more detailed explanation. Coverage includes embryology of twins, twin types, intellectual growth, personality traits, sexual orientation of twins, marital relationships, epigenetic analyses, and more. Five appendices cover selected topics in greater depth, such as the frequency of different twin types and the varieties of polar body twin pairs. This book will inform and entertain behavioral and life science researchers, health professionals, twins, parents of twins, and anyone interested in the fascinating topic of twins. Identifies common misunderstandings about twins Provides scientific answers to questions about twins Encompasses the biology, psychology, genetics, and personality of twins Includes discussion of identical, fraternal same-sex, and fraternal opposite-sex twins Allows for quick answers to common questions and more detailed explanations
Download or read book Twin Studies written by Grant C Townsend and published by University of Adelaide Press. This book was released on 2015-10-08 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is about an ongoing long-term research initiative led by researchers from the School of Dentistry at the University of Adelaide. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of the studies of the teeth and faces of Australian twins and their families that have extended over more than thirty years.
Download or read book Complex Systems written by G. Rzevski and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2017-01-31 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Containing papers presented at the 2016 New Forest Conference on Complex Systems, this multi-disciplinary book presents new approaches for resolving complex issues that cannot be resolved using conventional mathematical or software models. Complex Systems occur in an infinite variety of problems encompassing fields as diverse as economics, the environment, humanities, social and political sciences, physical sciences and engineering. The papers in the book cover such topics as: Complex business processes; Supply chain complexity; Complex adaptive software; Management of complexity; Complexity in social systems; Complexity in engineering; Complex issues in biological and medical sciences; Complex energy systems Complexity and evolution.
Download or read book Pediatric Dentistry Principles and Practice E book written by M. S. Muthu and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-09-21 with total page 1123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: • Each chapter will provide PowerPoint slides for the faculties to use as a preliminary version for their UG classes. They can edit as needed and use them • Handy supplementary forms have been included for a few chapters, namely Case history, Protective stabilization, which students and practitioners can use to diagnose the problems and manage a child properly. It regularly allows excellent documentation at the department and clinic level to systematically collect data and write research papers • All the related and integrated specialties of Pediatric Dentistry is extensively covered with the experts in the field under "Interdisciplinary Pediatric Dentistry" • The terminologies and sections divisions are updated with the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) and the International Association of Paediatric Dentistry (IAPD) guidelines • Clinician’s Corner – Handy, clinical tips were provided at the end of each relevant chapter to understand better the topic for the students and the Practicing Dentists and Pediatric dentists • Chapters on exceptional and innovative topics such as Research Methodology for beginners, Dental Photography, Psychological ownership, Ethics, Ergonomics, which are often expected, have been included • Administering LA to children - one of the most challenging things in Pediatric Dentistry is addressed through a dedicated chapter on The "TeDiE Technique • Flowcharts have been included in many chapters to understand the subject or procedures better. • Stepwise clinical images have been provided for specific clinical procedures (viz. ART, Strip crown)
Download or read book Early Life Origins of Health and Disease written by E. Marelyn Wintour-Coghlan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-26 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early Life Origins of Health and Disease is a new book which presents and discusses the many factors that may have impact on normal development. In a concise and readable manner, the authors consider both the proven and suggestive evidence that the high prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, obesity and, in some populations, kidney disease, may not be all due to genetics or adult environment alone. There is good evidence that stress and more subtle dietary deficiencies, as well as placental malfunction, may increase the risk that the offspring will develop these problems in later life. Finally, new and emerging evidence for other areas of human health and disease such a motor control and mental health is critically reviewed for the first time. The book is a ‘must’ for all scientists interested in researching these areas, as there is a critical evaluation of the methodology used and suggestions for the ‘optimal’ way in which to investigate these phenomena.
Download or read book What Teeth Reveal about Human Evolution written by Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-09-22 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over millions of years in the fossil record, hominin teeth preserve a high-fidelity record of their own growth, development, wear, chemistry and pathology. They yield insights into human evolution that are difficult, if not impossible, to achieve through other sources of fossil or archaeological data. Integrating dental findings with current debates and issues in palaeoanthropology, this book shows how fossil hominin teeth shed light on the origins and evolution of our dietary diversity, extended childhoods, long lifespans, and other fundamental features of human biology. It assesses methods to interpret different lines of dental evidence, providing a critical, practical approach that will appeal to students and researchers in biological anthropology and related fields such as dental science, oral biology, evolutionary biology, and palaeontology.
Download or read book Odontodes written by Donglei Chen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-12-11 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The odontode system, which encompasses teeth and other dentine-based structures, is ancient. Odontodes are present in the oldest vertebrate fossils, dating back 500 million years, and still play an important role in the anatomy and function of living jawed vertebrates. Fossils preserve odontode tissues with remarkable nanoscale fidelity, allowing the evolution and diversification of the odontode system to be studied in deep time as well as across the diversity of living vertebrates. This synthetic volume presents an overview of odontode research by internationally leading researchers from different fields of biology.. Key Features Summarizes classic and cutting-edge research devoted to the development and evolution Focuses on the cellular aspects of odontogenesis Documents the structural and functional diversity of odontode tissues Describes the patterning mechanisms of dentitions in various vertebrate groups Provides a thorough index for students
Download or read book Anthropological Perspectives on Tooth Morphology written by G. Richard Scott and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-02-21 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This follow-up to The Anthropology of Modern Human Teeth puts methods to use in interpreting human origins and affinities.
Download or read book The Anthropology of Modern Human Teeth written by G. Richard Scott and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All humans share certain components of tooth structure, but show variation in size and morphology around this shared pattern. This book presents a worldwide synthesis of the global variation in tooth morphology in recent populations. Research has advanced on many fronts since the publication of the first edition, which has become a seminal work on the subject. This revised and updated edition introduces new ideas in dental genetics and ontogeny and summarizes major historical problems addressed by dental morphology. The detailed descriptions of 29 dental variables are fully updated with current data and include details of a new web-based application for using crown and root morphology to evaluate ancestry in forensic cases. A new chapter describes what constitutes a modern human dentition in the context of the hominin fossil record.
Download or read book Oral Health in America written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Clinical Obstetrics written by E. Albert Reece, MD, PhD, MBA and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this quick reference handbook for obstetricians and gynecologists and primary care physicians is designed to complement the parent textbook Clinical Obstetrics: The Fetus & Mother The third edition of Clinical Obstetrics: The Fetus & Mother is unique in that it gives in-depth attention to the two patients – fetus and mother, with special coverage of each patient. Clinical Obstetrics thoroughly reviews the biology, pathology, and clinical management of disorders affecting both the fetus and the mother. Clinical Obstetrics: The Fetus & Mother - Handbook provides the practising physician with succinct, clinically focused information in an easily retrievable format that facilitates diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment. When you need fast answers to specific questions, you can turn with confidence to this streamlined, updated reference.
Download or read book Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology written by Isabel Stabile and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to provide a straightforward summary of the knowl edge required for examinations in specialist Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Part Two of the examination for Membership of the Royal College of Ob stetricians and Gynaecologists would be a good example. The volume is intended as a companion to the highly successful Basic Sciences for Ob stetrics and Gynaecology which covers the knowledge required for pre liminary examinations. Increasingly, examinations of all types are based on multiple choice ques tions (MCQ) or structured answer questions (SAQ). No apology is made for the fact that the present book addresses the sort of "fact" which lends itself to testing by this approach. Thus, there is little discussion of specula tive or contentious areas, no account of present or future research, and no references. Numerous excellent books are available which cover these top ics in a much fuller and more discursive manner, and the present volume does not seek to emulate them.
Download or read book Twins a Study of Heredity and Environment written by Horatio H. Newman and published by Franklin Classics Trade Press. This book was released on 2018-11-11 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Weight Gain During Pregnancy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-14 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As women of childbearing age have become heavier, the trade-off between maternal and child health created by variation in gestational weight gain has become more difficult to reconcile. Weight Gain During Pregnancy responds to the need for a reexamination of the 1990 Institute of Medicine guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy. It builds on the conceptual framework that underscored the 1990 weight gain guidelines and addresses the need to update them through a comprehensive review of the literature and independent analyses of existing databases. The book explores relationships between weight gain during pregnancy and a variety of factors (e.g., the mother's weight and height before pregnancy) and places this in the context of the health of the infant and the mother, presenting specific, updated target ranges for weight gain during pregnancy and guidelines for proper measurement. New features of this book include a specific range of recommended gain for obese women. Weight Gain During Pregnancy is intended to assist practitioners who care for women of childbearing age, policy makers, educators, researchers, and the pregnant women themselves to understand the role of gestational weight gain and to provide them with the tools needed to promote optimal pregnancy outcomes.
