Download or read book Incorporation of Physical Hydrology in a Land surface Process Model for Climate Modeling written by Kevin Paul Czajkowski and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Land Surface Processes in Hydrology written by Soroosh Sorooshian and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-09-16 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General circulation models (GCMs) predict certain changes in the amounts and distribution of precipitation, but the conversion of these predictions of impacts on water resources presents novel problems in hydrologic modeling, particularly with regard to the scale of the processes involved. Therefore improved, distributed GCMs are required. New remote sensing technologies provide the necessary spatially distributed data. However, there are many attendant problems with the translation of remotely sensed signals into hydrologically relevant information. This book elucidates how to improve the representation of land surface hydrologic processes in GCMs and in regional and global scale climate studies. It is divided into five sections: Models and Data; Precipitation; Soil Moisture; Evapotranspiration; Runoff.

Download or read book Modeling Land Surface Processes of the Midwestern United States written by Jonathan Mark Winter and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation seeks to quantify the response of soil moisture to climate change in the midwestern United States. To assess this response, a dynamic global vegetation model, Integrated Biosphere Simulator, was coupled to Regional Climate Model version 3 (RegCM3- IBIS). IBIS has several key advantages over the native surface physics scheme used in RegCM3, Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme 1e (BATS1e), most notably superior subsurface hydrology and partitioning of runoff. A series of 22-year numerical experiments were completed to evaluate the ability of RegCM3-IBIS and RegCM3-BATS1e to simulate the energy and water budgets of the American Midwest. Several errors in both RegCM3 and IBIS were identified and corrected, including a significant warm bias, an underestimation of root zone soil moisture, and an overestimation of incident surface shortwave radiation, net long wave radiation, and total runoff. In addition, an agricultural plant functional type was added to RegCM3-IBIS to better represent the current vegetation cover of the midwestern United States. The sensitivity of latent heat flux to available energy plays an important role in determining the effects of climate change on regional hydrologic cycles. An intuitive framework based on the Penman-Monteith equation was developed that identifies deficiencies in model parameterizations of latent heat flux and provides a consistent comparison of the sensitivity of evapotranspiration between models and observations. For Illinois, RegCM3-IBIS and RegCM3-BATS1e tend to overestimate the sensitivity of latent heat flux to available energy in May and June, but underestimate the sensitivity of latent heat flux to available energy in the late summer. The response of soil moisture in RegCM3-IBIS and RegCM3-BATS1e to a surrogate climate change scenario and the ECHAM5 GCM A1B climate change scenario was evaluated. RegCM3-IBIS and RegCM3-BATS1e simulate increased rainfall, evapotranspiration, and runoff during the spring and summer. Soil moisture is unchanged throughout the growing season as enhanced precipitation offsets increased evaporative demand. Negligible changes in soil moisture are robust across surface physics schemes, large-scale forcings, and convective closure assumptions.

Download or read book Land Surface Processes and Climate Modeling written by Lahouari Bounoua and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Multiple Comparisons Using R written by Frank Bretz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adopting a unifying theme based on maximum statistics, Multiple Comparisons Using R describes the common underlying theory of multiple comparison procedures through numerous examples. It also presents a detailed description of available software implementations in R. The R packages and source code for the analyses are available at http://CRAN.R-project.org After giving examples of multiplicity problems, the book covers general concepts and basic multiple comparisons procedures, including the Bonferroni method and Simes’ test. It then shows how to perform parametric multiple comparisons in standard linear models and general parametric models. It also introduces the multcomp package in R, which offers a convenient interface to perform multiple comparisons in a general context. Following this theoretical framework, the book explores applications involving the Dunnett test, Tukey’s all pairwise comparisons, and general multiple contrast tests for standard regression models, mixed-effects models, and parametric survival models. The last chapter reviews other multiple comparison procedures, such as resampling-based procedures, methods for group sequential or adaptive designs, and the combination of multiple comparison procedures with modeling techniques. Controlling multiplicity in experiments ensures better decision making and safeguards against false claims. A self-contained introduction to multiple comparison procedures, this book offers strategies for constructing the procedures and illustrates the framework for multiple hypotheses testing in general parametric models. It is suitable for readers with R experience but limited knowledge of multiple comparison procedures and vice versa. See Dr. Bretz discuss the book.

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability written by Assefa M. Melesse and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-07-03 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability: Monitoring, Modelling, Adaptation and Mitigation is a compilation of contributions by experts from around the world who discuss extreme hydrology topics, from monitoring, to modeling and management. With extreme climatic and hydrologic events becoming so frequent, this book is a critical source, adding knowledge to the science of extreme hydrology. Topics covered include hydrometeorology monitoring, climate variability and trends, hydrological variability and trends, landscape dynamics, droughts, flood processes, and extreme events management, adaptation and mitigation. Each of the book's chapters provide background and theoretical foundations followed by approaches used and results of the applied studies. This book will be highly used by water resource managers and extreme event researchers who are interested in understanding the processes and teleconnectivity of large-scale climate dynamics and extreme events, predictability, simulation and intervention measures. Presents datasets used and methods followed to support the findings included, allowing readers to follow these steps in their own research Provides variable methodological approaches, thus giving the reader multiple hydrological modeling information to use in their work Includes a variety of case studies, thus making the context of the book relatable to everyday working situations for those studying extreme hydrology Discusses extreme event management, including adaption and mitigation

Download or read book Modelling the Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources written by C. Fai Fung and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-05 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quantitative assessment of the impact of climate change on water availability and water resources management requires knowledge of climate, hydro(geo)logical and water resources models, and particularly the relationships between each of them. This book brings together world experts on each of these aspects, distilling each complex topic into concise and easy to understand chapters, in which both the uses and limitations of modelling are explored. The book concludes with a set of case studies using real-life examples to illustrate the steps required and the problems that can be faced in assessing the potential impacts of climate change on water resource systems. For students, scientists, engineers and decision-makers alike, this book provides an invaluable and critical look at the information that is provided by climate models, and the ways it is used in modelling water systems. A key focus is the exploration of how uncertainties may accrue at each stage of an impacts assessment, and the reliability of the resulting information. The book is a practical guide to understanding the opportunities and pitfalls in the quantitative assessment of climate change impacts and adaptation in the water resource sector.

Download or read book Coupled Models for the Hydrological Cycle written by Axel Bronstert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-01-12 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers an array of state-of-the-art coupling and modelling concepts. First the relevant Earth system cycles are presented, followed by a discussion on scale issues and multiple equilibria. Inter- and intra-compartmental coupling is addressed, along with a debate on non-linearities and questions of parameterisation. Several applications are presented, where a focus is on cases where the hydrological cycle plays a central role.

Download or read book Incorporating Advanced Surface and Subsurface Processes in Mesoscale Climate Models written by Jason Davison and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regional anthropogenic climate change poses significant risks to the security of water resources for communities throughout the world. Current climate simulations seek to predict the risks to water resources by employing land surface models (LSMs). While LSMs incorporate biogeophysics, heat, albedo, surface water, and shallow subsurface water, they do not include lateral surface/subsurface flow, groundwater storage, or critical feedbacks between surface and subsurface hydrology. Consequently, the shortfalls of current models severely limit our abilities to predict and understand risks to water resources. Therefore, this study investigates the development of coupling HydroGeoSphere (HGS), an advanced 3D control-volume finite element surface and variably-saturated subsurface model, to two separate atmospheric models to capture the interactions between the deep subsurface, surface, and atmosphere. Initially, HGS was coupled to a simple 0D atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) model, hereafter referred to as the HGS-ABL model. The coupled HGS-ABL model physically resolves boundary layer dynamics, precipitation, evapotranspiration, energy balance, surface water, and groundwater flow. The experimental simulations showed that current LSMs are too shallow for handling deep root-zones and do not provide an adequate representation of subsurface heat storage. Furthermore, the HGS-ABL simulations showed a positive correlation between the soil moisture and the energy feedbacks. To transition from a 0D to a 3D atmosphere, this study then coupled HGS to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, a 3-dimensonal mesoscale nonhydrostatic atmospheric model, hereafter referred to as the HGS-WRF model. HGS replaces the land surface components of WRF by providing the actual evapotranspiration (AET) and soil saturation from the porous media to the atmosphere. In exchange, WRF provides HGS with the potential evapotranspiration (PET) and precipitation fluxes. The flexible coupling technique uniquely accepts independent model meshing and projections and links domains based on their geographic coordinates (i.e., latitude and longitude). The newly coupled HGS-WRF model was then implemented over the entire California Basin. This 3D California Basin Model is 14-layers thick with over 400,000 nodes. The geological model was based on the STATSGO2 soil data, USGS HYDRO1K topographic data, and USGS water use data. Initially, the HGS model was spun-up with historic precipitation and PET data (provided by CMIP5). Once the model reached steady state, groundwater pumping was turned on, and the HGS model was run to present-day conditions. The HGS California Basin Model simulated similar drawdown rates to the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), a 21st century remote sensing satellite. Finally, the HGS-WRF model simulated the California Basin for a 200 day period and successfully replicated the Klamath river, Sacramento river, precipitation, and evapotranspiration fluxes.

Download or read book A Dynamically coupled Groundwater Land Surface and Regional Climate Model to Predict Seasonal Watershed Flow and Groundwater Response FINAL LDRD REPORT written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This final report is organized in four sections. Section 1 is the project summary (below), Section 2 is a submitted manuscript that describes the offline, or spinup simulations in detail, Section 3 is also a submitted manuscript that describes the online, or fully-coupled simulations in detail and Section 3, which is report that describes work done via a subcontract with UC Berkeley. The goal of this project was to develop and apply a coupled regional climate, land-surface, groundwater flow model as a means to further understand important mass and energy couplings between regional climate, the land surface, and groundwater. The project involved coupling three distinct submodels that are traditionally used independently with abstracted and potentially oversimplified (inter-model) boundary conditions. This coupled model lead to (1) an improved understanding of the sensitivity and importance of coupled physical processes from the subsurface to the atmosphere; (2) a new tool for predicting hydrologic conditions (rainfall, temperature, snowfall, snowmelt, runoff, infiltration and groundwater flow) at the watershed scale over a range of timeframes; (3) a simulation of hydrologic response of a characteristic watershed that will provide insight into the certainty of hydrologic forecasting, dominance and sensitivity of groundwater dynamics on land-surface fluxes; and (4) a more realistic model representation of weather predictions, precipitation and temperature, at the regional scale. Regional climate models are typically used for the simulation of weather, precipitation and temperature behavior over 10-1000 km domains for weather or climate prediction purposes, and are typically driven by boundary conditions derived from global climate models (GCMs), observations or both. The land or ocean surface typically represents a bottom boundary condition of these models, where important mass (water) and energy fluxes are approximated. The viability and influence of these approximations on the predictions is not well understood because of the detail and complexity in land and subsurface processes and the need for computational efficiency. However, theoretical and experimental data suggest that these interactions may have a profound impact upon hydrologic and climatic budgets and weather predictions. Conversely, land-surface and groundwater models are typically applied on smaller domains (

Download or read book U S Geological Survey Circular written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Progress in Modern Hydrology written by John C. Rodda and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-07-09 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrology is vital to human civilisations as well as to natural ecosystems, yet it has only emerged as a distinct scientific discipline during the last 50 years or so. This book reviews the development of modern hydrology primarily through the experiences of the multidisciplinary team of scientists and engineers at Wallingford, near Oxford, who have been at the forefront of many of the developments in UK hydrological research. These topics include: • The development of basic understanding through the collection of data with specialised instrumentation in experimental basins • The study of extreme flows – both floods and droughts • The role moisture in the soil • Studies of the processes controlling evaporation • Water resource studies • Modelling and prediction of the extremes of flow improved • Understanding of water quality issues • A widening recognition of the importance of an ecosystem approach • Meeting the challenges of climate change, • Data handling • Future developments in hydrology and the pressures which generate them. Readership: hydrologists in both academia and a wide range of applied fields such as civil engineering, meteorology, geography and physics, as well as advanced students in earth science, environmental science and physical geography programmes worldwide.

Download or read book Flexible Global Ocean Atmosphere Land System Model written by Tianjun Zhou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coupled climate system models are of central importance for climate studies. A new model known as FGOALS ( the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model), has been developed by the Sate Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (LASG/IAP, CAS), a first-tier national geophysical laboratory. It serves as a powerful tool, both for deepening our understanding of fundamental mechanisms of the climate system and for making decadal prediction and scenario projections of future climate change. "Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model: A Modeling Tool for the Climate Change Research Community” is the first book to offer systematic evaluations of this model’s performance. It is comprehensive in scope, covering both developmental and application-oriented aspects of this climate system model. It also provides an outlook of future development of FGOALS and offers an overview of how to employ the model. It represents a valuable reference work for researchers and professionals working within the related areas of climate variability and change. Prof. Tianjun Zhou, Yongqiang Yu, Yimin Liu and Bin Wang work at LASG, the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.

Download or read book Downscaling Techniques for High Resolution Climate Projections written by Rao Kotamarthi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-11 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Downscaling is a widely used technique for translating information from large-scale climate models to the spatial and temporal scales needed to assess local and regional climate impacts, vulnerability, risk and resilience. This book is a comprehensive guide to the downscaling techniques used for climate data. A general introduction of the science of climate modeling is followed by a discussion of techniques, models and methodologies used for producing downscaled projections, and the advantages, disadvantages and uncertainties of each. The book provides detailed information on dynamic and statistical downscaling techniques in non-technical language, as well as recommendations for selecting suitable downscaled datasets for different applications. The use of downscaled climate data in national and international assessments is also discussed using global examples. This is a practical guide for graduate students and researchers working on climate impacts and adaptation, as well as for policy makers and practitioners interested in climate risk and resilience.

Download or read book A Parameterization Scheme for Modeling Land Surface Hydrological Processes written by William John Hurlin and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book NASA Reference Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: