Download or read book Incentives and Forms of Cooperation in Research and Development written by Damiano Bruno Silipo and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper surveys the main forces affecting the incentive to cooperate in Ramp;D and the effects of cooperation on the incentive to innovate. We consider both a complete and an incomplete contract framework. In addition, we consider several forms of cooperative agreements, and we study in what circumstances one type of cooperation is more likely to emerge more than others.The results suggest that two main forces affecting the incentive to cooperate in Ramp;D are uncertainty and spillovers on Ramp;D activity. In addition, the incentive to cooperate among symmetric firms may be lower or higher than among asymmetric firms, depending on the source of asymmetry.When firms cooperate, in most cases they prefer an RJV to other forms of cooperative agreements. However, due to transaction costs, moral hazard and adverse selection problems in the formation of the venture, other forms of cooperation or competition in Ramp;D may occur.In addition, we consider the effects of uncertainty and spillovers on the size and structure of the coalitions, and the effects of competing research joint ventures on the incentive to innovate.Finally, empirical evidence is surveyed, and the consistence of the latter with the theoretical conclusions is discussed.

Download or read book Cooperation in Research and Development written by Nicholas S. Vonortas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cooperation in Research and Development provides an empirical and theoretical analysis of a distinct form of inter-firm collaboration in Research & Development (R&D): research joint ventures (RJVs). Of all types of cooperation, RJVs have received the most attention in both formal industrial organization and science and technology policy literature. The emerging theoretical economic literature on incentives of firms to join RJVs has not been followed by much empirical work. Cooperation in Research and Development attempts to fill the void caused by this lack of consistent data on the rate of RJV formation, RJV characteristics, and RJV member characteristics. Significant attention is paid to the role of RJVs in facilitating `virtual' firm diversification as necessary to pursue particular technological objectives. An effort is also made to blend the reported theoretical and empirical analyses with conceptual models of the process of technological innovation and models of industrial evolution in order to provide answers beyond the reach of the received economic theory. Cooperation in Research and Development should be of interest to academic economists, policy makers, and business representatives. The microeconomic issues the book deals with overlap significantly with the interests of decision makers both in government and business.

Download or read book Incentives for Collaboration and Competition written by Jonas Heite and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-25 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individuals and firms can improve their performance through collaboration and competition. However, it is still an open question how collaboration and competition schemes can be optimally designed and incentivized in order to exploit their full potential. Jonas Heite investigates this question by assessing efforts to stimulate R&D collaboration and by examining properties as well as underlying mechanisms (e.g., effort, risk, confidence and stress) of ability configurations in contests. Based on three large-scale economic studies covering laboratory, field and natural experiments, the author applies novel and sophisticated econometric methods to provide causal empirical evidence that yields important implications for policymakers, managers and researchers.

Download or read book Private and Social Incentives to Form R D Joint Ventures written by Stephen Martin and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Government Support Different Types of R D Collaborations Input and Output written by Hua Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the increasing university industry collaboration as the source of innovation, the studies on the effect of subsidies and tax incentives on university-research institute-industry collaboration (URIC) innovation have received wide attention recently. This study empirically investigated whether the government R&D subsidies (e.g. to university, research institute, and enterprise) and tax incentives stimulate the input and output of URIC, using a panel data from China Statistical Yearbook in 30 provinces from 2009 to 2015. We set up a series of quantitative models of the government subsidies and tax incentives on R&D collaboration input and output. The results showed that the government subsidies to university, research institute, enterprise, and tax incentives all had a significantly positive effect on input and output of URIC. The government subsidies to university and to research institute have a significant positive effect on the university-industry collaboration input and research institute-industry collaboration input respectively. There is an inverted U relationship between government subsidy and collaboration input. The effects on output in the descending order are government subsidies to university, subsidies to research institute, subsidies to enterprise, and tax incentives successively. The effect of subsidy on URIC input is smaller than that of tax incentive, whereas the subsidy on output is bigger than that of tax incentives. In addition, the results also suggested that the impact of enterprises' expenditure to university on output is larger than that to research institute.

Download or read book An Experimental Analysis of Dynamic Incentives to Share Knowledge written by Cary A. Deck and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge-sharing arrangements are an important part of the innovation process as they help firms acquire technological capabilities, shorten development time, and spread risk and cost. A question central to the study of knowledge-sharing arrangements is the impact of competition on cooperation. While cooperation has the benefit of avoiding duplication, it may have an adverse effect on the competitive advantage of a leading firm. Hence, firms face a difficult challenge during the innovation process while deciding which components of it, if any, to carry out in collaboration with other firms. This paper reports the results of controlled laboratory experiments which identify how the decision to form research joint ventures changes with both relative progress during the R&D process and the intensity of product market competition. The design is based on a modified version of Erkal and Minehart “Optimal Sharing Strategies in Dynamic Games of Research and Development.” Research Paper 1038, University of Melbourne, Department of Economics, 2008. The results indicate that if expected profits are such that the lagging firms always stay in the race, cooperation unravels as firms move forward in the discovery process and as monopoly profits become more attractive. These results are generally consistent with the theoretical predictions.

Download or read book European Collaboration in Research and Development written by Yannis Caloghirou and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributions collected in this volume focus explicitly on cooperative R & D in Europe. The first part of the book offers empirical evidence on the extent, scope and direction of this collaboration and explores the motives and problems of the participating firms, as well as the perceived benefits they have enjoyed. The second part deals with the difficult policy issues that diverse national R & D regimes create for successful cooperative research and international convergence. The extensive survey results of European firms allow the authors to compare collaborative research policies in various.

Download or read book Competition and R D Cooperation with Universities and Competitors written by Thomas Bolli and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the relationship between competition and R&D cooperation with universities and competitors. Our simple model predicts that more competitors reduce the incentives for horizontal cooperation as it diminishes the gains from “collusion”. Assuming that the value of synergies and spillovers created by cooperation depends on competition intensity reveals two distinct and opposing incentives for cooperation. While synergies foster R&D cooperation, spillovers may hinder cooperation. We mainly hypothesize that university cooperation corresponds to product innovation and hence quality competition, while horizontal cooperation lead to process innovations and therefore relates to price competition. We test these hypotheses based on Swiss firm-level panel data controlling for simultaneity of cooperation decisions and endogeneity of competition. Our empirical analysis supports the relevance of distinguishing between competition dimensions and cooperation partners, respectively. We find that price competition matters for both university and horizontal cooperation and it takes the form of an inverted U-shape. On the contrary, quality competition only matters for university cooperation and the relationship shows a U-form. Moreover we see that the number of principal competitors is significantly related only to cooperation between competitors and the relationship shows an inverted U-form. Hence, markets with a medium number of competitors are more receptive for horizontal cooperation. In sum these findings advance our understanding of the relationship between innovation and competition policy.

Download or read book Cooperative Research and Development written by Mariko Sakakibara and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Shift to the Entrepreneurial Society written by Jean Bonnet and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The concept of the "entrepreneurial economy" stems from the widespread belief that entrepreneurship is perhaps the most important and scarcest input factor of modern highly developed economies. This has resulted in a multitude of studies on the drivers and consequences of entrepreneurship in its many manifestations. Less is known about how entrepreneurship interlinks with modern institutions and policy aims such as education, finance, regulation, and the struggle with crises. The present volume fills this gap in our understanding of the "entrepreneurial economy". It shows that the concept of the "entrepreneurial economy" is so broad that "entrepreneurial society" is the better term.' – Roy Thurik, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands In the constant challenge economies face to grow and adapt, entrepreneurship and innovation are considered key factors. This impressive book shows the complementary and decisive role that education, access to an efficient financial system, and regulation may have in creating an entrepreneurial society. Not only growth, but also better growth is required to address the tremendous challenges that our European economies are facing. The contributors illustrate how more entrepreneurs and more new innovative entrepreneurial firms can contribute. They highlight a variety of factors that may be considered to promote entrepreneurship among young people, and innovative activities among firms. These include education and seeking the most favourable context for the creation and development of sustainable, innovative companies, especially during economic crises. This timely book analyses the built economy in education, sustainability and regulation to favour the emergence of new, entrepreneurial firms. With an international focus, the book provides the results of numerous research projects around entrepreneurship. Based on solid quantitative analysis, it will prove essential for students and researchers who are building quantitative models to study different aspects of the entrepreneurial society.

Download or read book Allocating Federal Funds for Science and Technology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-11-22 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States faces a new challengeâ€"maintaining the vitality of its system for supporting science and technology despite fiscal stringency during the next several years. To address this change, the Senate Appropriations Committee requested a report from the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and the Institute of Medicine to address "the criteria that should be used in judging the appropriate allocation of funds to research and development activities; to examine the appropriate balance among different types of institutions that conduct such research; and to look at the means of assuring continued objectivity in the allocation process." In this eagerly-awaited book, a committee of experts selected by the National Academies and the Institute responds with 13 recommendations that propose a new budgeting process and formulates a series of questions to address during that process. The committee also makes corollary recommendations about merit review, government oversight, linking research and development to government missions, the synergy between research and education, and other topics. The recommendations are aimed at rooting out obsolete and inadequate activities to free resources from good programs for even better ones, in the belief that "science and technology will be at least as important in the future as they have been in the past in dealing with problems that confront the nation." The authoring committee of this book was chaired by Frank Press, former President of the National Academy of Sciences (1981-1993) and Presidential Science and Technology Advisor (1977-1981).

Download or read book Joint Research and Development Legislation written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Monopolies and Commercial Law and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Competition Cooperation Research and Development written by Joanna A. Poyago-Theotoky and published by Springer. This book was released on 1997-10-13 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovation is a major contributory factor to economic growth. How can it be encouraged? One solution favoured especially in highly-competitive high-tech industries is cooperation in research and development. The theoretical issues raised by these joint ventures are examined in these essays which cover all aspects for growth, technology, competition and welfare. Contributions from the UK, Europe, North America and Asia ensure a broad international approach. There is an indepth study of European technology policy.

Download or read book Competition and Growth written by J. K. Sengupta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-10-14 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jati K. Sengupta examines the market dynamics of the evolution of industry and the impact of new technology with R&D and knowledge capital. The book builds the theory of innovations in the contexts of the high-tech industries of today such as computing and telecommunications.

Download or read book Oversight Review of the Five year Outlook Report on Science and Technology written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-15 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past half-century has witnessed a dramatic increase in the scale and complexity of scientific research. The growing scale of science has been accompanied by a shift toward collaborative research, referred to as "team science." Scientific research is increasingly conducted by small teams and larger groups rather than individual investigators, but the challenges of collaboration can slow these teams' progress in achieving their scientific goals. How does a team-based approach work, and how can universities and research institutions support teams? Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science synthesizes and integrates the available research to provide guidance on assembling the science team; leadership, education and professional development for science teams and groups. It also examines institutional and organizational structures and policies to support science teams and identifies areas where further research is needed to help science teams and groups achieve their scientific and translational goals. This report offers major public policy recommendations for science research agencies and policymakers, as well as recommendations for individual scientists, disciplinary associations, and research universities. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science will be of interest to university research administrators, team science leaders, science faculty, and graduate and postdoctoral students.

Download or read book Examining Core Elements of International Research Collaboration written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-09-29 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The globalization of science, engineering, and medical research is proceeding rapidly. The globalization of research has important implications for the U.S. research enterprise, for the U.S. government agencies, academic institutions, and companies that support and perform research, and for the world at large. As science and technology capabilities grow around the world, U.S.-based organizations are finding that international collaborations and partnerships provide unique opportunities to enhance research and training. At the same time, significant obstacles exist to smooth collaboration across national borders. Enhancing international collaboration requires recognition of differences in culture, legitimate national security needs, and critical needs in education and training. In response to these trends, the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable (GUIRR) launched a Working Group on International Research Collaborations (I-Group) in 2008, following its meeting on New Partnerships on a Global Platform that June. As part of I-Group's continuing effort, a workshop on Examining Core Elements of International Research Collaboration was held July 26-27, 2010 in Washington, DC. One primary goal of the workshop is to better understand the risks involved in international research collaboration for organizations and individual participants, and the mechanisms that can be used to manage those risks. Issues to be addressed in the workshop include the following: (1) Cultural Differences and Nuances; (2) Legal Issues and Agreements; (3) Differences in Ethical Standards; (4) Research Integrity and the Responsible Conduct of Research; (5) Intellectual Property; (6) Risk Management; (7) Export Controls; and (8) Strategies for Developing Meaningful International Collaborations. The goal for the workshop and the summary, Examining Core Elements of International Research Collaboration, is to serve as an information resource for participants and others interested in international research collaborations. It will also aid I-Group in setting its future goals and priorities.