Download or read book Inactivity Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome written by Ashley E Moncrieft and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Inflammation and insulin resistance have each been associated with the development of MetS and the onset of T2D as well as the risk of CVD. Inflammation and insulin resistance are therefore suitable targets for public health initiatives and interventions in persons at risk for or living with CVD. Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for CVD as well as MetS and T2D. Conversely, increased physical activity is associated with improved health outcomes for individuals with a high risk for developing CVD. Two possible mechanisms for the deleterious effects of inactivity on health are inflammation and insulin resistance. Researchers have hypothesized that increased adiposity and reduced fitness are partially responsible for the associations between inactivity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. However, these relationships have not been studied extensively in overweight/obese individuals, who are often unfit and sedentary. The purpose of this study was to further examine the relationship between baseline measures of walking activity and sedentary behavior, and inflammation and insulin resistance in a sample of adults with type 2 diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome. This thesis examined baseline data from participants enrolled in either of two studies of patients with T2D (n = 116) or MetS without T2D (n = 126). Participants included low income men and women (not pregnant or nursing) between the ages of 18 and 70 who either show depressed affect (BDI > 11), and were overweight (BMI >= 27 kg/m2) and had type 2 diabetes or had at least 3 components of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) classification of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Structural equation modeling was used to determine if physical inactivity is associated with inflammation or insulin resistance in these conditions. Possible mediational roles of adiposity and low cardiorespiratory fitness were also examined. Additional analyses were conducted to determine if these relationships can be estimated equally in MetS and T2D conditions. Activity was indirectly related to abdominal adiposity via an indirect, positive association with cardiorespiratory fitness. Abdominal adiposity was positively related to both inflammation and insulin resistance. There were no direct associations between activity and inflammation or insulin resistance in this population. Therefore, walking may be negatively related to cardiovascular risk, insofar as it reduces abdominal adiposity.
Download or read book Diabetes Associated with Single Gene Defects and Chromosomal Abnormalities written by Fabrizio Barbetti and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, written by renowned experts, provides complete coverage of the main genetic conditions associated with diabetes. Divided into five sections, it offers insights into genetic defects involving the pancreatic beta cell, extreme insulin resistance, ciliopathies, obesity and glucose metabolism, chromosomal defects, and other genetic conditions associated with increased susceptibility to diabetes. Other topics include the various subtypes of monogenic diabetes, such as the neonatal form and the Wolfram syndrome, as well as chromosomal defects leading to complex conditions affiliated with diabetes, like Trisomy 21 or Prader-Willi syndrome. There are also chapters dedicated to the poorly explored relationships between metabolism and neurodegenerative disorders like Friedreich's ataxia and muscular dystrophy. This book is a reference for every pediatric and adult endocrinologist and diabetologist, even experienced ones, with an interest in the intricacies and protean aspects of disorders of glucose metabolism secondary to genetic diseases.
Download or read book Insulin Resistance written by Philip Scott Zeitler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-28 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the mid 1990s, Drs. Gerald Reaven identified a constellation of clinical findings, known variously as the metabolic syndrome, syndrome X, insulin resistance s- drome or insulin resistance-related disorders, that are associated with an increased risk of heart disease and diabetes. Interest in this topic grew rapidly, culminating in the publication by this series of the book, Insulin Resistance and the Metabolic Syndrome X, edited by Drs. Reaven and Laws in 1999. Since the original publication of that now classic volume, the world’s population has continued to become more obese and sedentary and the prevalence of disorders related to insulin resistance has continued to increase throughout the developed and developing world. Of great concern in the last decade is the extension of these deleterious lifestyle patterns to the pediatric population, leading to both obesity and the appearance of insulin resistance-related disorders in youth as well as adults. Today, about one in three children and adolescents in the United States is overweight or obese, and this prevalence approaches one in two among adolescents in certain minority groups. In addition, components of this cardiovascular risk constellation are now being recognized in young adults, adolescents, and even children. Youth are increasingly developing type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, polycystic ovarian syndrome, sleep apnea, orthopedic and psychiatric complications, as well as other complications of obesity and insulin resistance.
Download or read book Diabetes and Exercise written by Judith G. Regensteiner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-05 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes is a major public health problem in the United States. This collection, Diabetes and Exercise, discusses the extent of the problem of diabetes and sedentary lifestyle and presents a compelling rationale for the importance of increased physical activity and exercise in persons with diabetes. The concept of exercise as medicine has a strong but underappreciated scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. Diabetes and Exercise, compiled by a team of experts in the field, focuses on both the physiological and practical aspects of the beneficial effects of exercise. This thorough collaboration provides the why's and how's to implementing the physical activity and exercise changes so important in diabetes prevention and disease management.
Download or read book The Metabolic Syndrome written by Christopher D. Byrne and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-22 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Metabolic Syndrome is a valuable reference text, covering all aspects of the metabolic syndrome and its constituent diseases including inflammation, oxidation and adipocytokines. This book explains the aetiology, pathogenesis and clinical treatment of all risk factors as well as the relationship with diabetes, non alcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome and coronary heart disease. The Metabolic Syndrome has been further improved from the 1st edition that was highly commended in 2006 Annual British Medical Association medical books competition. All chapters from the first edition are fully updated and this new edition contains an increase in international contributions and five new chapters on: Childhood obesity and metabolic syndrome Bariatric surgery for obesity Fitness Brain insulin resistance and appetite The nature of the insulin resistance seen in metabolic syndrome. This brand new edition of The Metabolic Syndrome will be an indispensable resource for all clinical researchers, physicians and scientists requiring detailed up-to-date information on the metabolic syndrome to further their own research or to treat and manage the syndrome and its complications. Specifically, the text will be of particular relevance to those involved and working in the fields of diabetes, endocrinology, obesity, cardiology, vascular disease and hepatology.
Download or read book Physical Activity and Type 2 Diabetes written by and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The text is a series of independent but related chapters authored by the foremost researchers of insulin resistance, and it presents a wealth of information to assist the biomedical and research community.
Download or read book Diabetes and Physical Activity written by J.H. Goedecke and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2014-09-15 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting current knowledge regarding the relationship between exercise and diabetes, this publication discusses in detail the physiologic, molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in this interaction. Further, the book presents valuable information on the role of exercise in the treatment and management of diabetes through the life course, including gestational diabetes, diabetes in children, and in the elderly. Notably, the role of diet in modulating the relationship between exercise and diabetes is explored, and for the first time, the importance of sedentary behavior, rather than exercise, is highlighted. The current public health guidelines for type 2 diabetes are presented, as well as practical recommendations for the management of type 1 diabetes. Finally, in each chapter areas of further investigations are emphasized. The book provides a valuable and up-to-date overview and is highly recommended to researchers, students, clinicians, including physicians, dieticians, biokineticists, physiotherapists, nurses and diabetes educators.
Download or read book Exercise and Diabetes written by Sheri R. Colberg and published by American Diabetes Association. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical movement has a positive effect on physical fitness, morbidity, and mortality in individuals with diabetes. Although exercise has long been considered a cornerstone of diabetes management, many health care providers fail to prescribe it. In addition, many fitness professionals may be unaware of the complexities of including physical activity in the management of diabetes. Giving patients or clients a full exercise prescription that take other chronic conditions commonly accompanying diabetes into account may be too time-consuming for or beyond the expertise of many health care and fitness professionals. The purpose of this book is to cover the recommended types and quantities of physical activities that can and should be undertaken by all individuals with any type of diabetes, along with precautions related to medication use and diabetes-related health complications. Medications used to control diabetes should augment lifestyle improvements like increased daily physical activity rather than replace them. Up until now, professional books with exercise information and prescriptions were not timely or interactive enough to easily provide busy professionals with access to the latest recommendations for each unique patient. However, simply instructing patients to “exercise more” is frequently not motivating or informative enough to get them regularly or safely active. This book is changing all that with its up-to-date and easy-to-prescribe exercise and physical activity recommendations and relevant case studies. Read and learn to quickly prescribe effective and appropriate exercise to everyone.
Download or read book Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes written by Beatrice Morio and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-12 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Comprehensive Review on Mitochondrial Functioning and Involvement in Metabolic Diseases synthesizes discoveries from laboratories around the world, enhancing our understanding of the involvement of mitochondria in the etiology of diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Chapters illustrate and provide an overview of key concepts on topics such as the role of mitochondria in adipose tissue, cancer, cardiovascular comorbidities, skeletal muscle, the liver, kidney, and more. This book is a must-have reference for students and educational teams in biology, physiology and medicine, and researchers.
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 5 written by Dorairaj Prabhakaran and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-17 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantial burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their burden extends well beyond health effects to include significant economic and societal consequences. Most of these conditions are related, share risk factors, and have common control measures at the clinical, population, and policy levels. Lives can be extended and improved when these diseases are prevented, detected, and managed. This volume summarizes current knowledge and presents evidence-based interventions that are effective, cost-effective, and scalable in LMICs.
Download or read book Risk factors in type 2 diabetes with emphasis on blood pressure physical activity and serum vitamin D written by Pär E:son Jennersjö and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2016-03-08 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background Type 2 diabetes is a common chronic disease with a two-fold increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and has an increasing prevalence worldwide. This thesis is based on a study conducted in primary health care in Östergötland and Jönköping, Sweden. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate new risk markers to identify patients with high risk of developing cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men and women with type 2 diabetes. Methods Data from the cohort study CArdiovascular Risk in type 2 DIabetes – a Prospective study in Primary care (CARDIPP) was used. In paper III data were also used from CARDIPP-Revisited where all participants in the CARDIPP study were invited four years after the baseline investigation for a re-investigation. In paper IV data were used from CAREFUL which is a control group of 185 subjects without diabetes. The investigation included a standard medical history including data on diabetes duration and on-going medication. Anthropometric data were recorded and both office and ambulatory blood pressure were measured. The patients filled out a detailed questionnaire and physical activity was measured by using waist-mounted pedometers. Pedometer-determined physical activity was classified in four groups: Group 1: <5000 steps/day (‘sedentary’); Group 2: 5000-7499 steps/day (‘low active’); Group 3: 7500-9999 steps/day (‘somewhat active’); Group 4: and ?10 000 steps/day (‘active’). Blood samples were drawn for routine analyses and also frozen for later analyses. The investigations at the departments of physiology included echocardiography, measurements of the carotid intima-media thickness, applanation tonometry and measurements of sagittal abdominal diameter. Results Paper 1: Patients with a non-dipping systolic blood pressure pattern showed higher left ventricular mass index and pulse wave velocity (PWV) compared with patients with ?10% decline in nocturnal systolic blood pressure. Patients with <10% decline in nocturnal systolic blood pressure had higher BMI and sagittal abdominal diameter, lower GFR and higher albumin:creatinine ratio and also higher levels of NT-proBNP than patients with a dipping pattern of the nocturnal blood pressure. Paper 2: The number of steps/day were inversely significantly associated with BMI, waist circumference and sagittal abdominal diameter, levels of CRP, levels of interleukin-6 and PWV. Paper 3: At the 4-year follow-up the change in PWV (?PWV) from baseline was calculated. The group with the lowest steps/day had a significantly higher increase in ?PWV compared with the group with the highest steps/day. The associations between baseline steps/day and ?PWV remained after further adjustment in a multivariate linear regression statistically significant (p=0.005). 23% of the variation in the study could be explained by our model. Every 1000 extra steps at baseline reduced the change in ?PWV by 0.103 m/s between baseline and follow-up. Paper 4: Low vitamin D levels were associated with significantly increased risk for premature mortality in men with type 2 diabetes. High levels of parathyroid hormone were associated with significantly increased risk for premature mortality in women with type 2 diabetes. These relationships were still statistically significant also when two other well-established risk markers for mortality, PWV and carotid intima-media thickness, were added to the analyses. Conclusions Ambulatory blood pressure recording can by addressing the issue of diurnal blood pressure variation, explore early cardiovascular organ damage and microvascular complications that goes beyond effects of standardised office blood pressure measurements. Pedometer-determined physical activity may serve as a surrogate marker for inflammation and subclinical organ damage in patients with type 2 diabetes. There is novel support for the durable vascular protective role of a high level of daily physical activity, which is independent of BMI and systolic blood pressure. The use of pedometers is feasible in clinical practice and provides objective information not only about physical activity but also the future risk for subclinical organ damage in middle-aged people with type 2 diabetes. Our results indicate that low vitamin D levels in men or high parathyroid hormone levels in women give independent prognostic information of an increased risk for total mortality.
Download or read book Metabolic Cardiomyopathy written by H. Böhles and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last years the understanding for the aetiology of cardiomyopathies could be greatly improved. A great deal of information has accumulated in the field of inherited metabolic diseases, which provides a new basis for our understanding of many heart muscle problems and their corresponding clinical disease entities. This book is meant to give the reader a comprehensive overview of the cardiological manifestations of inborn errors of metabolism. Latest information, such as cardiomyopathy in Fabry disease or in patients with CDG-syndrome is included. It should be helpful, not only to cardiologists, paediatricians, internists and general practicioners, but also to all those interested in a better understanding of the metabolic basis of clinical disease entities.
Download or read book Insulin Resistance written by Gerald M. Reaven and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-04 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Insulin Resistance: The Metabolic Syndrome X, outstanding investigators thoughtfully summarize our current understanding of how insulin resistance and its compensating hyperinsulinemia (Syndrome X) play a major role in the pathogenesis and clinical course of high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease-the so-called diseases of Western civilization-as well as polycystic ovary disease. Under the aegis of Gerald Reaven, the discoverer of Syndrome X, the distinguished authorities writing here detail for the first time the pathophysiological consequences and the clinical syndromes, excluding Type 2 diabetes, related to insulin resistance. They also examine the genetic and lifestyle factors that contribute to the wide differences in insulin action that exist in the population at large. Each author has been encouraged to present a point of view that reflects their unique insights. The first authoritative book on the subject, Insulin Resistance: The Metabolic Syndrome X illuminates the special importance of insulin resistance as a major cause of hypertension, heart disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Its thoughtful and detailed approach will make it an essential reference for basic and clinical researchers seeking to understand these critical phenomena.
Download or read book Insulin Resistance written by Philip S. Zeitler and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-14 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in a revised and expanded second edition, this unique text presents topics related to insulin resistance in youth and its consequences across the lifespan. In the first section of the book examining epidemiology, the contributors review controversies over the definition of insulin resistance in children and what is known about how insulin resistance in youth differs from adults, the measurement of insulin resistance in youth in the research and clinical settings, and current knowledge regarding the epidemiology of insulin resistance in the pediatric population. The second section of the book explores pathophysiology, including current knowledge of the molecular, metabolic, and physiologic mechanisms of insulin resistance, the unique pathophysiology of pregnancy and puberty, the contributions of the prenatal and early childhood environment to the development of insulin resistance, and adipose and biochemical mediators. This section concludes with discussion of the relationship between insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease and liver disorders. A third section, new to this second edition, explores insulin resistance in unique models: intrauterine growth restriction and girls with polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic syndrome. The final section of the book explores the concepts of treatment through medications directed at insulin sensitivity, as well as exercise, weight loss medications and consequences of bariatric surgery. Insulin Resistance: Childhood Precursors of Adult Disease, Second Edition provides up-to-date reviews of all of these areas, providing the reader with a current perspective on issues in insulin resistance in youth, an emerging risk factor for disease across the lifespan, that will spur continued interest in the topic on the part of clinicians and researchers, perhaps promoting new points of view and creative approaches to this daunting challenge.
Download or read book Ferri s Clinical Advisor 2021 written by Fred F. Ferri and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 4158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Find fast answers to inform your daily diagnosis and treatment decisions! Ferri’s Clinical Advisor 2021 uses the popular "5 books in 1" format to deliver vast amounts of information in a clinically relevant, user-friendly manner. This bestselling reference has been significantly updated to provide you with easy access to answers on 1,000 common medical conditions, including diseases and disorders, differential diagnoses, clinical algorithms, laboratory tests, and clinical practice guidelines—all carefully reviewed by experts in key clinical fields. Extensive algorithms, along with hundreds of new figures and tables, ensure that you stay current with today's medical practice. Contains significant updates throughout, covering all aspects of current diagnosis and treatment. Features 27 all-new topics including chronic rhinosinusitis, subclinical brain infarction, reflux-cough syndrome, radiation pneumonitis, catatonia, end-stage renal disease, and genitourinary syndrome of menopause, among others. Includes new appendices covering common herbs in integrated medicine and herbal activities against pain and chronic diseases; palliative care; and preoperative evaluation. Offers online access to Patient Teaching Guides in both English and Spanish.
Download or read book New Translational Insights on Metabolic Syndrome Obesity Hypertension Diabetes and beyond written by Camille M. Balarini and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-08-15 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) can be considered as a clustering of several risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, which could lead to the development of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). There are several underlying causes for MetS including overweight, physical inactivity and genetic factors. However, the underlying mechanisms that leads to MetS are still poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this E-book is to provide a space where researchers holding different backgrounds could shed some light onto the pathophysiology of different risk factors involved in MetS, mostly from translational research worldwide.
Download or read book Early Vascular Aging EVA written by Pedro Guimarães Cunha and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-02-29 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early Vascular Aging (EVA): New Directions in Cardiovascular Protection, Second Edition continues to be the most comprehensive and authoritative resource on premature alterations in artery structure and function. The book presents a novel approach to the problem of cardiovascular disease, showing it in relation to great vessels disease and revealing a comprehensive approach to the problem of increased rigidity of the great vessels, its causes, and further consequences. This second edition contains completely updated content with expanded coverage of basic and translational research, systematic reviews of the most prominent literature, discussion of applicability of new evidence and more. Written by an international team of clinicians and researchers, this is a valuable resource to basic and translational scientists, clinical researchers and clinicians in the cardiovascular field interested in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of EVA. - Contains all the relevant information available on the main paradigm shifts in vascular aging research, from different fields of knowledge (from basic biology to epidemiology) - Reviews the most prominent evidence produced on early vascular aging (EVA), highlighting recent research advances, clinical applications, and research opportunities - Formulates, in each chapter, a set of research questions that need to be addressed, challenging the vast research community to take on new directions and collaborations
