Download or read book In Vivo Migration of Immune Cells written by Waldemar L. Olszewski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1987: The problems which have been selected for this volume deal with those most commonly observed in in vivo events, such as antigenic stimulation and lymphocyte traffic, migration of natural killer cells, regulation of lymphocyte traffic by adrenal hormones.
Download or read book Immune Cell Migration in Health and Disease written by Hélène D. Moreau and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-05-04 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Labeling of Immune Cells for in Vivo Monitoring of Cell Migration Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Near infrared Imaging written by Cedric Berger and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cell Migration in Inflammation and Immunity written by Daniele D’Ambrosio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemokines and their receptors play a central role in the pathogenesis of numerous, perhaps all, acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. About 50 distinct chemokines produced by a variety cell types and tissues either c- stitutively or in response to inflammatory stimuli are involved in a plethora of biological processes. These small secreted proteins exert their exquisitely variegated functions upon binding to a family of seven-transmembrane spanning G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) composed of almost 20 distinct entities. The biological activities of chemokines range from the control of leukocyte trafficking in basal and inflammatory conditions to the regulation of hema- poiesis, angiogenesis, tissue architecture, and organogenesis. The basis for such diversified activities rests, on one hand, upon the ubiquitous nature of chemokine production and chemokine receptor expression. Virtually every cell type can produce chemokines and expresses a unique combination of chemokine receptors. On the other hand, chemokine receptors make use of a flexible and complex network of intracellular signaling machineries that can regulate a variety of cellular functions ranging from cell migration, growth, and differentiation to death. As knowledge of the size of chemokine and chemokine receptor families rapidly reaches completeness, much is still to be uncovered in terms of fu- tional architecture of the chemokine system. The disparity between the large number of chemokines and that smaller number of receptors is balanced by the promiscuity in ligand–receptor interactions, with multiple chemokines binding to the same receptor and several chemokines binding to more than one receptor.
Download or read book Arrest chemokines written by Klaus Ley and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-05-20 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arrest chemokines are a small group of chemokines that promote leukocyte arrest from rolling by triggering rapid integrin activation. Arrest chemokines have been described for neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, naïve lymphocytes and effector memory T cells. Most arrest chemokines are immobilized on the endothelial surface by binding to heparin sulfate proteoglycans. Whether soluble chemokines can promote integrin activation and arrest is controversial (Alon-Gerszten). Many aspects of the signaling pathway from the GPCR chemokine receptor to integrin activation are the subject of active investigation. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency III is a human disease in which chemokine-triggered integrin activation is defective because of a mutation in the cytoskeletal protein kindlin-3. About 10 different such mutations have been described. The defects seen in patients with LAD-III elucidate the importance of rapid integrin activation for host defense in humans. We welcome reports that help clarifying this crucial first step in the process of leukocyte transendothelial migration.
Download or read book In Vivo Generation and Migration of Memory CD4 T Cells During the Course of a Primary Immune Response written by Richard Lee Reinhardt and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Janeway s Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.
Download or read book Cell Migration in Inflammation and Immunity written by Daniele D'Ambrosio and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell migration is now well recognized as a critical component of the inflammatory disease process, so that its proper understanding promises to generate both ground-breaking basic discoveries and the development of novel therapeutics. In Cell Migration in Inflammation and Immunity: Methods and Protocols, leading cell biologists and immunologists present their most widely useful and innovative techniques for studying the molecular and cellular basis of this phenomenon. Describing each method in step-by-step detail, the authors provide a series of focused, cutting-edge techniques proceeding from the in vitro analysis of cell migration and the molecular mechanisms underlying this process, to methodologies for the analysis of cell migration in vivo. Methods for the analysis of rapid leukocyte adhesion under flow conditions in vitro are described, which may prove especially fruitful for scientists exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying both vascular recognition and leukocyte-endothelium interaction. Experimental approaches useful in establishing the role of cell migration in the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases are emphasized. Each fully tested protocol includes an introduction explaining the principle behind the technique, equipment and reagent lists, and tips on troubleshooting and how to avoid known pitfalls. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Cell Migration in Inflammation and Immunity: Methods and Protocols offers novice and experienced investigators alike a collection of powerful techniques for studying the molecular basis and pathophysiological significance of cell migration in inflammatory and immune diseases, as well as for the development of novel therapeutics.
Download or read book Cell Migration written by Frank Entschladen and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell migration is a highly complex process which involves several compartments of the cell, including surface receptors, signalling elements and the cytoskeleton. It plays an essential role in embryogenesis, wound healing and inflammatory responses, and a dysregulation of cell movement can cause pathological states such as developmental defects, chronic inflammation, cancer invasion and metastasis. Covering extracellular regulatory signals and intracellular signal transduction pathways as well as the molecular mechanisms of migration in stem cells, leukocytes and tumor cells in the adult human organism, this book summarizes the current state of knowledge about cell migration. In the first part, the major aspects of different migratory cells in health and disease are covered, with special emphasis on T lymphocytes. The second part provides a comprehensive overview of the principal molecular mechanisms of migration such as adhesion receptors, cytoskeletal rearrangements and locomotor force generation, which, together, can be referred to as a cell's 'migrosome'.With contributions by eminent international scientists from different disciplines this book will serve as a valuable resource not only for researchers in cell biology, immunology and oncology, but also for clinicians who wish to learn more about the role of migratory processes in health and disease.
Download or read book Make Life Visible written by Yoshiaki Toyama and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-02 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes marked advances in imaging technology that have enabled the visualization of phenomena in ways formerly believed to be completelyimpossible. These technologies have made major contributions to the elucidation of the pathology of diseases as well as to their diagnosis and therapy. The volume presents various studies from molecular imaging to clinical imaging. It also focuses on innovative, creative, advanced research that gives full play to imaging technology inthe broad sense, while exploring cross-disciplinary areas in which individual research fields interact and pursuing the development of new techniques where they fuse together. The book is separated into three parts, the first of which addresses the topic of visualizing and controlling molecules for life. Th e second part is devoted to imaging of disease mechanisms, while the final part comprises studies on the application of imaging technologies to diagnosis and therapy. Th e book contains the proceedings of the 12th Uehara International Symposium 2017, “Make Life Visible” sponsored by the Uehara Memorial Foundation and held from June 12 to 14, 2017. It is written by leading scientists in the field and is an open access publication under a CC BY 4.0 license.
Download or read book In Vivo Migration of Immune Cells written by Waldemar L. Olszewski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1987: The problems which have been selected for this volume deal with those most commonly observed in in vivo events, such as antigenic stimulation and lymphocyte traffic, migration of natural killer cells, regulation of lymphocyte traffic by adrenal hormones.
Download or read book Investigating the Mechanisms of Random and Directed Migration of Leukocytes in Vivo written by Francisco Alberto Barros Becker and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The innate immune system is the first line of defense against infection and injury. Neutrophils and macrophages are the main cellular component of this response and the correct recruitment of these cells to damage or infected tissues is essential for host survival. The recruitment of immune cells can be separated in two main components: the signals promoting migration and the mechanisms implemented to achieve movement. This dissertation investigates both components by presenting details on the migration of neutrophils and macrophages in a complete vertebrate organism, the larval zebrafish. The motility of leukocytes has been widely described in vitro, and their migration mode has been classically considered to be amoeboid. Macrophages have been described to be able to migrate in either amoeboid or mesenchymal modes in vitro although these results are controversial. In this thesis, we first investigated the mode of motility used by neutrophils and macrophages during random migration in vivo. Using high-resolution live microscopy, we discovered that during random migration macrophages move in a mesenchymal-like mode, in contrast to neutrophils, a well-described amoeboid cell. After investigating the mechanisms of random migration, we aimed to study directed migration during an immune response. During an inflammatory response neutrophils and macrophages need to effectively migrate to the site of injury. Burn injuries are complex wounds that have been shown to induce a different immune response than cut wounds. Unfortunately, most of our knowledge regarding this response has been obtained in later phases of this process. We, therefore, used a zebrafish burn model to investigate early recruitment events. Here we show that during early phases of the inflammatory reactions, neutrophil and macrophage chemotaxis is driven by distinct signals. Neutrophils are sensitive to ATP and ROS signaling and IL-6R priming to directly migrate to a burn. Macrophage chemotaxis is only ROS dependent, as they can migrate normally in the absence of ATP or IL-6R. Altogether, this work presents novel insights on how innate immune cells move in vivo and what signals drive this migration. This research offers new perspectives on the basic biology of these cells and their response following complex wounding.
Download or read book PI3K signalling written by Klaus Okkenhaug and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-03-05 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The PI3Ks control many key functions in immune cells. PI3Ks phosphorylate PtdIns(4,5)P2 to yield PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Initially, PI3K inhibitors such as Wortmannin, LY294002 and Rapamycin were used to establish a central role for Pi3K pathway in immune cells. Considerable progress in understanding the role of this pathway in cells of the immune system has been made in recent years, starting with analysis of various PI3K and Pten knockout mice and subsequently mTOR and Foxo knockout mice. Together, these experiments have revealed how PI3Ks control B cell and T cell development, T helper cell differentiation, regulatory T cell development and function, B cell and T cell trafficking, immunoglobulin class switching and much, much more. The PI3Kd inhibitor idelalisib has recently been approved for the treatment of B cell lymphoma. Clinical trials of other PI3K inhibitors in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases are also in progress. This is an opportune time to consider a Research Topic considering when what we have learned about the PI3K signalling module in lymphocyte biology and how this is making an impact on clinical immunology and haematology.
Download or read book Visualizing Immunity written by Dorian McGavern and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-12 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers have used a variety of techniques over the past century to gain fun- mental insights in the field of immunology and, as technology has advanced, so too has the ability of researchers to delve deeper into the biological mechanics of immunity. The immune system is exceedingly complex and must patrol the entire body to protect us from foreign invaders. This requires the immune system to be highly mobile and adaptable - able to respond to diverse microbial challenges while maintaining the ability to distinguish self from a foreign invader. This latter feature is of great importance because the immune system is equipped with toxic mediators, and a failure in self/non-self discrimination can result in serious diseases. Fortunately, in most cases, the immune system operates within the framework of its elegant design and protects us from diverse microbial challenges without initiating disease. Because the immune system is not confined to a single tissue, a comprehensive understanding of immunity requires that research be conducted at the molecular, cellular, and systems level. Immune cells often find customized solutions to h- dling microbial insults that depend on the tissue(s) in which the pathogen is found.
Download or read book Cell Migration Under Confinement written by Hawa-Racine Thiam and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell migration has two opposite faces; necessary for many physiological processes such as immune response, it can also lead to the organism death by allowing metastatic cells to invade new organs. In vivo migration often occurs in complex 3D environments which impose high cellular deformability. Recently, cellular deformability during 3D migration has been shown to be limited by the nucleus (Wolf et al. JCB, 2013). For instance, cell migration can be increased by decreasing nuclear stiffness. However, below a given nuclear stiffness 3D cell migration can be reduced as a result of impaired cell survival (Harada et al. JCB, 2014). Cancer cells which display slow migration and have rather stiff nuclei have been shown to overcome the physical limits of 3D migration through adhesion combined to matrix degradation or high actomyosin contraction (Wolf et al. JCB, 2013). Immune cells such as neutrophils which are fast moving cells with soft nuclei have been reported to die at sites of infection. Interestingly, dendritic cells function as antigen presenting cells requires high migratory ability as well as high survival. They thus constitute an interesting model for studying nuclear deformation in fast moving and long lived cells. During my PhD, I studied the mechanism by which dendritic cells deform their nuclei to achieve proper migration in highly confining space while preserving a high survival rate. I used an original micro fabricated experimental set up (Heuzé et al. MMB, 2011) consisting of microchannels with constrictions to mimic cellular transmigration. Those channels combined with genetic manipulation and live cell imaging followed by image processing were used to assess the mechanism dendritic cells use to deform their nucleus, which we found to be specific and not required for cell motility per se. I showed that dendritic cells overcome the physical limitation imposed by nuclear deformation through small gaps by nucleating an Arp2/3 based actin network around the nucleus. Surprisingly, the formation of this actin network is independent of myosin II based contraction. This actin accumulation around the nucleus co-localized with sites of nuclear Lamin A/C breakage. Moreover, Lamin A/C depletion in dendritic cells leads to the disappearance of this actin ring and the release of the need for Arp2/3 for nuclear deformation. We thus propose a new mechanism of nuclear squeezing through narrow gaps based on an Arp2/3 nucleated actin meshwork which, by transiently breaking the Lamin A/C network, releases the nuclear surface tension and allows nuclear thus cell passage through micrometric constrictions. Lamin A/C repolymerization around the nucleus at the exit of constrictions would then restore nuclear stiffness, allowing cell survival. Interestingly, this actin accumulation around the nucleus was also observed in vivo in migrating macrophages but not in HL-60 derived neutrophils. Taken together, our data suggest that the Arp2/3 based nuclear squeezing mechanism would be a general feature of highly migratory cells which need to survive long enough to accomplish their functions.
Download or read book An Investigation of how Dendritic Cell Migration is Modulated During Leishmania Mexicana Infection written by Jenny May Crowe and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The functional migration of immune cells during Leishmania infection is imperative for the activation of a protective immune response. In particular, migration of dendritic cells (DCs) towards the lymphatic vessel network and CCL19-producing lymph node is a key step in the induction of adaptive immunity. Consequently, manipulation of chemokines and chemokine receptors presents a potential mechanism by which parasites can evade protective host immunity. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to investigate whether Leishmania mexicana can influence immune cell migration and identify the mechanisms underpinning this. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies, the key finding presented in this thesis is that L. mexicana modulates DC migration following infection. While uptake of L. mexicana by DCs is associated with reduced surface expression of CCR7, this does not entirely account for the failure of DC migration and therapeutic targeting of DCs does not enhance protective immunity. Crucially, it is through production of cysteine protease B that L. mexicana can suppress migration of infected and bystander DCs. Parasites lacking cysteine protease B are less able to prevent DC migration and the activity of this important virulence factor is shown to be associated with cleavage of CCL19. In further experiments, it is also demonstrated that effective DC migration following L. mexicana infection may also be influenced by interactions with neutrophils and their NETs and by an early source of interleukin-4/13 acting directly on DCs. Primarily, these findings demonstrate how L. mexicana can utilise immunomodulatory virulence products, like cysteine protease B to manipulate the host immune response. Understanding these mechanisms is invaluable for the development of new drug and vaccine targets against L. mexicana, but may also aid in the development of new treatments for similar chronic infections.
Download or read book Cell Migration written by Alexis Gautreau and published by Humana. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers various assays and techniques that have been developed to study and characterize the cell migration in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. The chapters in this book present readers with the latest protocols to observe, quantify, and control cell migration. Some of the topics explored in this book are: migration in confined environments, microfluidic devices, optogenetics, chemotaxis, electrotaxis, detection of migrasomes, migration of Q cells in Caenorhabditis elegans, of Drosophila macrophages, optogenetics of cell migration, intravital imaging. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting edge and comprehensive, Cell Migration: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for anyone interested in learning more about this expanding field.
