Download or read book In Vivo Calibration Measurements for Mixed Oxide Nuclear Reactor Fuel written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction of mixed oxide (MOX) nuclear fuel containing enriched uranium, isotopes of plutonium, and americium presents a challenge for monitoring occupational exposure using direct in vivo measurements because photons from (235)U and (241)Am will confound evaluation of plutonium in the lungs. MOX is a unique blend of enriched uranium and plutonium that can be used in place of traditional enriched uranium in commercial pressurized water reactors. The plutonium in MOX fuel may be derived from either surplus weapons-grade plutonium or reprocessed commercial nuclear fuel. Thus, the final isotopic composition of MOX depends upon the origin of the plutonium, how well chemical and radiological impurities are removed from the plutonium prior to fuel fabrication, the time between fuel fabrication and use, and (for spent fuel) the total time of irradiation in the reactor. These factors also will have a significant influence on the risk associated with occupational exposure to MOX and the optimum procedure for detecting MOX in vivo. Calibration of an array of high resolution detectors to perform in vivo measurements for MOX in the lungs was performed using the Lawrence Livermore thoracic phantom and a set of lungs containing a homogeneously distributed mixture of (238)U, (235)U, (241)Am, and (238)Pu to simulate conditions that might arise following inhalation of a typical MOX aerosol. Activity associated with photons from (235)U and (241)Am were easy to quantify. Low energy x-rays associated with plutonium decay were detected with reasonable certainty for a chest wall thickness below 3 cm after applying spectrum deconvolution to remove the interference from higher energy photons associated with (235)U and (241)Am. Analysis must depend upon low-abundant, higher energy plutonium photo peaks whenever chest wall thickness exceeds 3 cm because the low-energy uranium L x-rays are greatly attenuated by overlying muscle tissue in the anterior thorax. (7 tables, 7 fig, 11 re7.

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Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

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Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration. Technical Information Center and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 1066 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1977-10-15 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

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Download or read book Annual Report of the Department of Atomic Energy Government of India written by India. Department of Atomic Energy and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

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Download or read book Annual Report written by India. Department of Atomic Energy and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Host Bibliographic Record for Boundwith Item Barcode 30112111593072 and Others written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Selected Bibliography of Publications of LASL Research written by Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: