Download or read book In Situ Measurements of Meteoric Ions written by Joseph M. Grebowsky and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-08 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal ions found in the atmosphere above 60 km are the result of incoming meteoroid atmospheric ablation. Layers of metal ions are detected by sounding rocket in situ mass spectrometric sampling in the 80 to 130 km region, which coincides with the altitude region where meteors are observed. Enhancements of metal ion concentrations occur during meteor showers. Even outside of shower periods, the metal ion altitude profiles vary from measurement to measurement. Double layers are frequent at middle latitudes. More than 40 different meteoric atomic and molecular ions, including isotopes, have been detected. Atmospheric metal ions on average have an abundance that matches chrondritic material, the same composition as the early solar system. However there are frequently local departures from this composition due to differential ablation, species dependent chemistry and mass dependent ion transport. Metal ions react with atmospheric O2, O, O3, H2O and H2O2 to form oxygenated and hydrogenated ionic compounds. Metal atomic ions at high altitudes have long lifetimes. As a result, these ions, in the presence of Earth's magnetic field, are transported over long distances by upper atmospheric winds and ionospheric electric fields. Satellite measurements have detected metal ions as high as, approximately 1000 km and have revealed circulation of the ions on a global scale.
Download or read book Satellite Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Meteoric Ions and Neutral Species written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiances measured with the GOME spectrometer on the ERS-2 satellite are used to derive the total content of the meteoric metal species Mg+, Mg, Fe+ and Fe. A retrieval algorithm has been developed and applied to determine the species content on a global scale for the year 1996. Results show total content for all the species has a maximum in late summer in both the northern and southern hemispheres. The content of neutrals relative to ions decreases in summer and the same ratio increases in winter. The content of Fe+ is approximately equal to that of Fe. In contrast the Mg+ content is twice that of Mg. The Fe content is five to ten times that of the Mg content. An examination of the content around the times of known meteor showers shows no measurable increases during or following the showers.
Download or read book Meteors in the Earth s Atmosphere written by Edmond Murad and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-09-05 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the extraterrestrial matter that falls to Earth from space.
Download or read book Ion Composition Measurements and Related Ionospheric Processes in the D and Lower E Regions written by R. S. Narcisi and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Meteoroids written by Galina O. Ryabova and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-10 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive guide to modern meteor science, destined to be the standard resource for advanced students and researchers.
Download or read book Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics Volume I written by Hans Volland and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The participation of such diverse scientific and technical disciplines as meteorology, astronomy, atmospheric electricity, ionospheric and magnetospheric physics, electromagnetic wave propagation, and radio techniques in the research of atmospherics means that results are published in scientific papers widely spread throughout the literature. This Handbook collects the latest knowledge on atmospherics and presents it in two volumes. Each chapter is written by an expert in his or her field. Topics include the physics of thunderclouds, thunder, global atmospheric electric currents, biological aspects of sferics, and various space techniques for detecting lightning within our own atmosphere as well as in the atmospheres of other planets. Up-to-date applications and methodology are detailed. Volumes I and II offer a comprehensive discussion that together will serve as an important resource for practitioners, professionals, and students alike.
Download or read book Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics written by Hans Volland and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-04-27 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The participation of such diverse scientific and technical disciplines as meteorology, astronomy, atmospheric electricity, ionospheric and magnetospheric physics, electromagnetic wave propagation, and radio techniques in the research of atmospherics means that results are published in scientific papers widely spread throughout the literature. This Handbook collects the latest knowledge on atmospherics and presents it in two volumes. Each chapter is written by an expert in his or her field. Topics include the physics of thunderclouds, thunder, global atmospheric electric currents, biological aspects of sferics, and various space techniques for detecting lightning within our own atmosphere as well as in the atmospheres of other planets. Up-to-date applications and methodology are detailed. Volumes I and II offer a comprehensive discussion that together will serve as an important resource for practitioners, professionals, and students alike.
Download or read book Aeronomy of Mars written by S. A. Haider and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-08-17 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Mangalyaan was launched on November 5, 2013, to Mars by Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). On October 2, 2022, ISRO declared that Mangalyaan had lost communications with Earth. Mars Color Camera (MCC) on-board Mangalyaan has taken thousands pictures of Mars. A full disk of Mars image observed by Viking is shown on the cover page of this book. Mars is covered by the dust as observed by Mangalyaan (from Arya et al., 2015). This book presents the atmospheric and ionospheric results obtained from all missions to Mars. It also covers various atmospheric and ionospheric models of Mars. Broadly speaking, the planet’s atmosphere can be divided into two regions: lower and upper. These two regions can be coupled due to the propagation of energy from the lower to the upper atmosphere. The first-ever book on the aeronomy of Mars, this work is intended to help students and researchers familiarize themselves with the field of aeronomy. In addition, it helps planetary probe designers, engineers, and other users in the scientific community, e.g., planetary geologists and geophysicists”.
Download or read book Middle Atmosphere Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Planetary Atmospheric Electricity written by François Leblanc and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive discussion of all issues related to atmospheric electricity in our solar system. It details atmospheric electricity on Earth and other planets and discusses the development of instruments used for observation.
Download or read book NASA Conference Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ionospheric Techniques and Phenomena written by A. Giraud and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If our eyes were radio rather than optical wide-band detectors it is well known that for us the brightest object in the sky would still be the Sun; that planets, stars and the Milky Way would still shine feebly (and that we would still occasionally be blinded by man-made sources). What is less well known is that quite a different earthbound overcast would hover about us, with its climatic zones, its seasonal changes, its unpredictable storms and scintillating transparence. To be sure, we can get a sort of glimpse of this peculiar type of weather when we tune our receiver to radio broad casting from some remote spot, or photograph the Earth from space at certain specific wavelengths. Nevertheless no one has ever looked at the ionized shroud of the Earth without the help of sophisticated apparatus, and this is one of the reasons why in this domain the phenomena are not easily abstracted from the use of specific techniques. For generations, the study of the ionosphere has been deeply interwoven with the practice of radio communication and detection. Today however, ionospheric physics is best thought of as a branch of space physics; that part of physics which deals with processes at work in the solar system and methods developed for its exploration.
Download or read book Dynamical and Chemical Coupling Between the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere written by B. Grandal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings are based upon the review lectures, the re search talks and the accompanying discussion from the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "The Dynamical and Chemical Coupling of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere" held at Spatind, Norway April 12-22, 1977. In recent years, in spite of the many subdivisions of atmospher ic physics it has become clear that a complete understanding of the subject matter requires an interdisciplinary effort of the scien tists working on a variety of atmospheric phenomena. This Advanced Study Institute was organized in order to meet this demand. A number of eminent scientists were invited to review the major subfields in atmospheric physics and expose the areas where the coupling between the neutral and ionized atmosphere is evident. These review papers were supported by current research results. However, the material covered here is by no means complete con sidering the range of subject matter covered by the title. The re sponsibility for this inadequacy lies with the editors and the pro gram committee, rather than with the individual contributors. Oslo, June 1977. B. Grandal J.A. Holtet. PARTICIPANTS Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics Arnold, F. P.O.Box 1248, D-0069 Heidelberg F.R.G. Bj ¢rn, L. Uppsala Ionospheric Observatory S-755 90 Uppsala Sweden The Institute for Mathematical and Physical Brekke, A.
Download or read book Middle Atmosphere Program written by Belva Edwards and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Impact of Minor Bodies of Our Solar System on Planets and Their Middle and Upper Atmosphere written by Petrus Matheus Marie Jenniskens and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sulfate Minerals written by Charles N. Alpers and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 40 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry compiles and synthesizes current information on sulfate minerals from a variety of perspectives, including crystallography, geochemical properties, geological environments of formation, thermodynamic stability relations, kinetics of formation and dissolution, and environmental aspects. The first two chapters cover crystallography (Chapter 1) and spectroscopy (Chapter 2). Environments with alkali and alkaline earth sulfates are described in the next three chapters, on evaporites (Chapter 3), barite-celestine deposits (Chapter 4), and the kinetics of precipitation and dissolution of gypsum, barite, and celestine (Chapter 5). Acidic environments are the theme for the next four chapters, which cover soluble metal salts from sulfide oxidation (Chapter 6), iron and aluminum hydroxysulfates (Chapter 7), jarosites in hydrometallugy (Chapter 8), and alunite-jarosite crystallography, thermodynamics, and geochronology (Chapter 9). The next two chapters discuss thermodynamic modeling of sulfate systems from the perspectives of predicting sulfate-mineral solubilities in waters covering a wide range in composition and concentration (Chapter 10) and predicting interactions between sulfate solid solutions and aqueous solutions (Chapter 11). The concluding chapter on stable-isotope systematics (Chapter 12) discusses the utility of sulfate minerals in understanding the geological and geochemical processes in both high- and low-temperature environments, and in unraveling the past evolution of natural systems through paleoclimate studies. The review chapters in this volume were the basis for a short course on sulfate minerals sponsored by the Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) November 11-12, 2000 in Tahoe City, California, prior to the Annual Meeting of MSA, the Geological Society of America, and other associated societies in nearby Reno, Nevada. The conveners of the course (and editors of this volume of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry), Alpers, John Jambor, and Kirk Nordstrom, also organized related topical sessions at the GSA meeting on sulfate minerals in both hydrothermal and low-temperature environments.
Download or read book NASA SP written by and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
