Download or read book In Situ Infrared Studies of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Photoelectrocatalytic Reduction written by Jie Yu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CO2 capture and sequestration from coal-fired power plant flue gas is an attractive technique to control CO2 emissions. Polyamine-based sorbent is considered as a promising sorbent for CO2 capture due to its low equipment corrosion and regeneration energy penalty. One critical aspect of development of polyamine-based CO2 capture process is to understand the nature of the adsorbed species with amine and their evolution in adsorption / desorption process. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a powerful and versatile tool that can provide the insights from molecular level to address these scientific issues. This dissertation is focusing on using in-situ FTIR spectroscopy to discuss several important topics in CO2 capture and utilization processes, including (i) the structure and binding energy of adsorbed CO2/H2O on solid amine sorbent, (ii) the role of H2O in CO2 adsorption/desorption on liquid amine films, (iii) mechanism of water-enhancement on CO2 capture by amine, and (iv) photoelectrocatalytic reduction of CO2 on polyamine/TiO2 thin film.H2O vapor in flue gas has dramatic effects on polyamine-based sorbent. H2O could affect CO2 capture capacity, regeneration energy, and degradation kinetics of the sorbents. This in situ IR study investigated these various effects on polyamine-based sorbents. The results revealed that CO2 adsorbed on primary amine as ammonium carbamate while H2O adsorbed on secondary amine and promoted the formation of carbamic acid. Adsorbed H2O increases the binding strength of CO2 with amine and protects sorbent from SO2 poisoning. The results of this study clarify the role of H2O in polyamine-based sorbent for CO2 capture and provide a molecular basis for the design and operation of polyamine-based CO2 capture processes. The use of FTIR spectroscopy in the investigation of role of water on CO2 capture by amine has enabled us to verify the reaction processes. The results unraveled that adsorption of CO2 on the 20 μm tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) film at 50 °C followed a zwitterion-intermediate pathway: zwitterion ¿ ammonium carbamate. H2O in the mixed TEPA/H2O (5:1) film decreased the rate of CO2 adsorption, but increased the amine efficiency. The presence of H2O promotes the formation of carbamic acid and produces a broad IR band centered at 2535 cm-1, which can be assigned to (O-H) of hydronium carbamate, -NCOO-···H-OH2+. The broadness of this 2535 cm-1 band ranging from 2100 cm-1 to 2800 cm-1 persists at 120 °C. These broad components of the band can be ascribed to ¿(N-H) in hydrogen-bonded ammonium carbamate, a R-NH3+/R1R2-NH2+···-NCOO- moiety. The binding strength of adsorbed species on the TEPA film increases in the order: adsorbed H2O

Download or read book In situ Infrared Studies of Adsorbed Species in CO2 Capture and Green Chemical Processes written by Long Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clean energy and environment is a 21st-century contemporary challenge we human being faces. Tremendous effort has been paid to explore and develop technologies to produce green energy, to reduce the emissions of wastes, and to utilize these wastes and renewable sources. Catalysis technologies and CO2 capture and utilization technologies are among the most important stepping stones to achieve the challenging goals to secure the environment for human survival and development. The advancement in these technologies requires a molecular-level or quantum-level fundamental understanding of the processes involved. One critical aspect of importance is the nature of the adsorbed species and their evolution in these green chemical processes. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a powerful and versatile tool that can provide the insights to address these scientific issues. This dissertation, with a focus on the applications of in-situ FTIR spectroscopy, discusses about a few important topics in CO2 capture and other green processes, including (i) the catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of a-amino ester, a potential chemical building block and starting material for biocompatible polymers, (ii) the oxidative and CO2-induced degradation of supported polyethylenimine (PEI) adsorbents for CO2 capture, (iii) the utilization of CO2 by the catalytic conversion of CO2 to carbonates, a precursor for polycarbonates and polyurethanes, (iv) the catalytic conversion of 2,3-butanediol to 1,3-butadiene, the monomer for synthetic rubbers, and (v) the electron-induced IR absorbance in photocatalytic processes on TiO2. A wide array of FTIR techniques, including diffuse reflectance, attenuated total reflectance, and transmission IR has been applied. The FTIR results revealed the vital hydrogen bonding interactions in the catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of a-amino ester which led to the prochiral structures. The oxidative degradation and CO2-induced degradation pathways were elucidated with the help of various FTIR studies conducted. The mechanism of the oxidative degradation of amines was proposed for the first time that the solid amines underwent the deactivation to imines and further oxidation to amides. The effects of amine loading, temperature, and water vapor on CO2-induced degradation were clarified. The FTIR spectra evidenced the successful conversion of CO2 to dimethyl carbonate and 2,3-butanediol to 1,3-butadiene, and helped the comprehension of the kinetics and the nature of the dehydrating agent in the reactions. In-situ FTIR was also used to differentiate the contributions from the conduction-band electrons and shallow-trapped electrons to the polaronic light absorbance. A modelling method was developed to analyze the IR spectra. The modelling results revealed the correlation of these differently sourced absorbance and the generation of photocurrent and the charge transportation process in photocatalysis.

Download or read book Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide written by Frank Marken and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-05-21 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the crucial challenges in the energy sector is the efficient capture and utilisation of CO2 generated from fossil fuels. Carbon capture and storage technologies can provide viable alternatives for energy intensive processes, although implementation of large-scale demonstrators remains challenging. Therefore, innovative technologies are needed that are capable of processing CO2 emission from a wide range of sources, ideally without additional fossil energy demand (e.g. solar driven or overcoming the limits of photosynthesis). This book covers the most recent developments in the field of electrochemical reduction of CO2, from first-principle mechanistic studies to technological perspectives. An introduction to basic concepts in electrochemistry and electrocatalysis is included to provide a background for newcomers to this field. This book provides a comprehensive overview for researchers and industrial chemists working in environmental science, electrochemistry and chemical engineering.

Download or read book In Situ Infrared Study of Adsorbed Species During Catalytic Oxidation and Carbon Dioxide Adsorption written by Rajesh A. Khatri and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book In Situ Infrared Study of Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction and Other Interfacial Processes in Ionic Liquid water Mixtures written by Marco Papasizza and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book In Situ Infrared Study of G S L S Adsorption and Photocatalytic Processes written by Duane D. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Coal fired power plants release large quantities of CO2 and trace amounts of SO2 into the atmosphere, affecting global warming and worldwide climate change. CO2 is a concern as a greenhouse gas in relation to global temperature raise. SO2 is a concern in environmental protection as a precursor for acid rain. The impact of CO2, SO2, and H2S on the environment demonstrate the removal process is a subject of study of great importance. Removal of these gases has been focused on the development of amine based sorbents for sequestration by the adsorption and desorption process. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for investigating the adsorption/desorption process and structure of adsorbing molecules. The application of FTIR, coupled with ab initio quantum chemistry, can provide a direct means for understanding the interactions that occur during chemisorption. The removal of CO2 and H2S by an amine based sorbent has been studied. The hypothesis for this study is to investigate the use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to promote tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) CO2 and H2S removal capacity. It is thought that the use of PEG may improve the catalytic adsorption capacity through hydrogen bonding. This study used in situ FTIR and ab initio quantum chemistry to investigate the adsorption and desorption processes during CO2 and H2S capture at the molecular level. The FTIR results determine that PEG interacts with the primary amine functional groups of TEPA dispersing the adsorption sites leading to improved adsorption capacity for CO2 and H2S. Ab initio quantum chemistry determined that PEG lowers the binding energy of CO2 and H2S leading to a lower desorption temperature. Removal of the nauseous gas SO2 by an amine based sorbent is studied. The hypothesis investigated the use of 1,3-phenylenediamine low basic property for creating a reusual solid amine based sorbent for SO2 removal. It is thought that the low basic property of the aromatic amine will allow the effective SO2 adsorption and desorption at low temperature. This study used in situ FTIR spectroscopy to investigate the adsorption and desorption processes during SO2 capture. The result of this study determined that 1,3-phenylenediamine basic property allowed SO2 adsorption and desorption at 373 K, however, sorbent deactivation occurs. The in situ UV-Visible spectroscopic technique provided insight that deactivation is the result of agglomeration of 1,3-phenylenediamine. Addition of PEG prevent the agglomeration and improved the adsorption capacity of 1,2-phenylenediamine through hydrogen bonding with the primary amine functional group. Amine based sorbents have proven as an effective and economic process for the removal of CO2 and the hazardous gases H2S and SO2. Advancing knowledge in the area of amine based sorbents will improve our ability for hazardous waste management. Hazardous waste management may also be achieved by the oxidation and reduction (redox) of toxic materials. TiO2 based catalysts have the ability to oxidize a number of hazardous materials to nontoxic products where TiO2 has become the benchmark semiconductor in photo-detoxification of contaminated water. This work also investigates the photocatalytic dehydrogenation process over TiO2 based catalysts. The hypothesis investigated the relationship of the photogenerated electrons and adsorbed species during the photocatalytic dehydrogenation of 2-propanol. It is thought that the interaction of the photogenerated electrons and adsorb species may be elucidated from the reaction mechanism during the photocatalytic dehydrogenation of 2-propanol. 2-propanol is used as a model compound because it provides a simple and standard way to measure the photocatalytic activity during the gas/liquid phase reactions. This study suggest that in the presence of adsorbed H2O, the dehydrogenation process proceeded by a hydroxyl radical species while in the absence of adsorbed H2O the active species is an adsorbed ion. Au/TiO2 unique ability to generate adsorbed oxygen ions resulted in higher catalytic activity in the absence of adsorbed H2O under UV-irradiation. The reaction pathway for the photocatalytic dehydrogenation of 2-propanol is strongly dependent on the coverage of surface H2O."--Abstract.

Download or read book In situ FTIR Spectroelectrochemical Studies on the Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide by Some Ruthenium and Iron Complexes written by So-ngan Pun and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book In Situ Infrared Studies of Redox and Acid base Reactions CO2 Reforming of CH4 and Pyridine Adsorption Onto Sulfated Zirconia written by Robert W. Stevens and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Infrared Studies on Isotopic Carbon Dioxide written by Charles Bradford Arends and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book In Situ Infrared Studies of Photooxidation of Ethanol and Bacteria on TiO2 based Catalysts written by Dan Huang (Chemical engineer) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TiO2 is modified to Fe-doped TiO2 and ALD Fe-doped TiO2 to test two hypotheses: i) Fe-doped TiO2 can enhance photocatalytic activity under visible light due to the adsorption of visible light and ii) external layer of TiO2 on Fe-doped TiO2 can enhance photocatalytic activity of catalyst by providing more active sites. Photocatalytic activity of catalysts was characterized by the rate of ethanol photooxidation. The results showed that Fe-doped TiO2 and ALD Fe-doped TiO2 have adsorption on visible light range, but do not have visible light photoactivity. This could be explained by that Fe-doped TiO2 and ALD Fe-doped TiO2 do not have enough rutile crystal structure. In addition, external layer on ALD Fe-doped TiO2 does not enhance photocatalytic activity. It can be explained by remaining organic compound on the surface of ALD Fe-doped TiO2 block some active sites. Sol-gel TiO2 and anatase are used to test two hypotheses: i) morphology of catalyst has effect on bacteria degradation and ii) water can facilitate the bacteria degradation on sol-gel TiO2. The results showed bacteria degradation on sol-gel TiO2 is faster than that on anatase, which validated the first hypothesis. It can be explained by that sol-gel TiO2 (rhombus-shaped TiO2 with small particle size) has more effective contact surface with bacteria than anatase (sphere-shaped TiO2 with big particle size). In addition, the presence of water can increase the degradation rate of bacteria, which validated the second hypothesis. Holes produced from UV illumination can react with H2O to produce •OH, and more •OH can facilitate the degradation of bacteria. In-situ diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform (DRIFT) infrared spectroscopy is the main characterization method in this study to monitor the photooxidation of ethanol and degradation of bacteria. Peak height change was used as quantitative indicator of photooxidation and degradation.

Download or read book High temperature Carbon Dioxide Capture Using Metal Oxides written by Christian Vogt and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere are considered a significant contributor to climate change due to the activity of the carbon dioxide molecule in the infrared spectrum. This causes solar radiation to be 'trapped' in the earth's atmosphere if increased CO2 concentrations are present, leading to global warming. In order to decrease CO2 emissions from stationary sources, like fossil fuel-fired power plants, and halt global warming, carbon capture and storage is proposed as a viable option. Here, a big fraction of the CO2 normally being emitted to the atmosphere is to be separated from a flue gas stream of a conventional combustor facility (known as post-combustion) or from a synthesis gas (syngas) stream obtained by gasification of the fuel before its combustion (known as pre-combustion). The characteristics of the post-combustion flue gas and the pre-combustion syngas are substantially different, so that capture technologies must be developed for their respective application. The captured CO2 can then be either used in industrial applications like enhanced oil recovery, if a market exists, or else be stored in places separate from the atmosphere, so as to not cause global warming. Underground storage, consisting of saline aquifers or depleted natural gas caverns, is among the options considered for permanent and safe CO2 storage.This project investigated the use of metal oxide-based sorbents for pre-combustion capture of CO2 at 250 to 400 °C from syngas generated in the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) process. At this temperature, syngas leaves the water gas shift reactor, which is the ultimate part of the gasification system within the IGCC process. Capturing the CO2 in-situ at this temperature is considered beneficial, as it eliminates the requirement to cool or heat the gas to CO2 sorption temperature, which would come with an energy penalty.In the first part, various metal oxides were screened for their suitability to capture CO2 in the temperature range of IGCC syngas. These were lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide and cadmium oxide. Based on a literature review, it was found that their carbonates decompose at temperatures considered here. A thermogravimetric screening test routine was outlined and the materials tested by exposure to carbon dioxide on a temperature ramp from 120 to 650 °C. Pure metal oxides and carbonates were considered as well as oxides doped with alkali metal compounds. It was found that cadmium oxide doped with various alkali halides sorbs and desorbs CO2 well in the screening test, so that more detailed studies were proposed. A magnesium oxide/cesium carbonate composite, which was analysed in detail in a previous project and synthesised using a variety of precursors here, was screened as well and found suitable. As the latter material exhibited a comparatively poor overall CO2 sorption capacity, it was hypothesised that improvements could be made by varying the synthesis method.In the second part, cadmium oxide/alkali halide mixtures were analysed for their optimal concentration of dopant required to give maximum CO2 sorption capacity. A variation of alkali halide dopants showed that 17.5 wt% of sodium iodide (based on cadmium carbonate used as synthesis precursor) used in synthesis yields the best-performing sorbent. This sorbent was tested in detail via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for single-cycle and multiple cycle CO2 sorption and desorption by partial pressure variation under isothermal conditions at various temperatures. The carbonation of cadmium oxide to carbonate and its decarbonation was confirmed as the reaction mechanism via powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. XRD also showed no significant change in the unit cell parameters of cadmium oxide due to sodium iodide doping. It was shown that alkali halides are necessary promoters for the carbonation reaction, as pure cadmium oxide did not exhibit any CO2 inclusion and conversion into cadmium carbonate. For the sodium iodide-doped cadmium oxide, a stoichiometric recarbonation was achieved, resulting in a mass gain of 26 % (based on cadmium oxide and considering the presence of dopant here).It was also shown in multicyclic sorption experiments, that a significant decay in working capacity (i. e., the amount of CO2 both captured and released per cycle) occurred if the initial decarbonation of the cadmium carbonate precursor was performed in air. This could be improved by carbonate decomposition in inert gases like nitrogen or argon. Elemental analysis performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) showed that iodine is lost from the sample, which might be attributed to oxidation of iodide to iodine. The loss of iodine promoter is considered to be the cause of a decay in working capacity of the sorbent. Water vapour addition (1 vol%) to the sorption gases lead to an increase in stability in terms of the working capacities over the number of cycles, but had no noticeable effect on the iodine loss over sorption cycles. Powder samples were considered for multicyclic sorption as well as pelletised samples. It was shown that pelletisation via mechanical compression under vacuum resulted in materials with lower working capacities than powder equivalents, being attributed to the larger pellets being less accessible to the gas than small powder grains. Pellets made from carbonate lost their mechanical strength after 25 CO2 sorption cycles, whereas pellets made in the oxide state virtually exhibited no working capacity. Introduction of SBA-15 (porous silica) as spacer made the oxide pellets more accessible to the gas so that they showed a certain working capacity. However, this again led to partial loss of mechanical strength, but to a lower extent as observed for the carbonate pellets.In the third part of the thesis, the physico-chemical properties of the cadmium oxide/sodium iodide material were studied in detail. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed morphological changes if the samples underwent multiple sorption cycles. Initially, spherical cadmium oxide nanoparticles of approx. 200 nm width were observed, which partially broke into irregular pieces after 25 sorption cycles. It was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental mapping that sodium iodide is interspersed into the cadmium oxide as discrete particles. In-situ powder XRD showed that sodium iodide contained in the cadmium oxide/sodium halide mixture is amorphous at room temperature after initial calcination, but becomes crystalline upon heating to CO2 sorption temperature (in this case 325 °C). These results lead to the conclusion that the cadmium oxide/sodium halide mixed sorbent is not a mixed metal oxide, but rather a mixture of halide and an oxide particles. The initiation of the CO2 sorption by the dopant halide must thus be due to a mechanistic contribution of the crystalline halide, rather than the formation of a cadmium-alkali-halide-oxide mixed phase under CO2 uptake after sorption. Analysis of the exit gas from CO2 desorption in a fixed bed by mass spectrometry confirmed the loss of iodine by showing mass-to-charge values of 126 in the mass spectrum, whereas X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed two species of iodine on the material's surface, possibly due to different oxidation states. These results support the idea that iodine might be lost during multicyclic sorption by oxidation of iodide to iodine.In the fourth part of the thesis, improvements in the sorption capacities of magnesium oxide/cesium carbonate sorbents are shown. Using a solvothermal process involving hydration of magnesium methoxide and cesium carbonate methanolic solution mixed with toluene and subsequent treatment in an autoclave at 265 °C and flash-evaporation of the solvent, higher surface areas were obtained compared to the material made from commercial magnesium oxide as substrate. The activated solvothermally-made magnesium oxide/cesium carbonate sorbent appeared chemically similar to the one made from commercial templates as shown by XRD, but exhibited a higher working capacity (5 wt% instead of 4 wt%) than the latter. TEM and elemental mapping techniques showed that the solvothermal method leads to smaller particle sizes and also showed a mostly uniform distribution of the cesium throughout the magnesium, with occasional clustering of cesium being observed.The fifth part of the thesis investigates the effect of syngas components on the sorbents. As syngas contains hydrogen, which is a strong reducing agent, it was deemed necessary to assess if the sorbents are stable if hydrogen is present during CO2 sorption. It was also analysed if hydrogen sulphide, which is a trace component in syngas, has an effect on the sorbents. It was shown that hydrogen tends to lower the working capacity of the cadmium sorbents, possibly due to reduction of the cadmium oxide to cadmium metal. Lowering the sorption temperature 20 °C below the one achieving the highest multicyclic working capacity (i. e., to 285 °C), was able to significantly reduce capacity loss in a CO2 sorption experiment containing hydrogen. The magnesium-cesium sorbent appeared stable in the presence of hydrogen. Hydrogen sulphide, however, had a significant impact on both the cadmium and magnesium-based materials by reducing their working capacities.In summary, a cadmium oxide based CO2 sorbent was developed and its physical and chemical properties examined. A magnesium-based mixed oxide developed in a previous study was improved in sorption capacity. The stability of both these materials under simulated syngas conditions was examined and future work is proposed to focus on the application of real syngas to these sorbents, with the goal of further improvements in their stability.

Download or read book CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis written by Yuichiro Himeda and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-06-28 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to the effective catalysts and latest advances in CO2 conversion in chemicals and fuels Carbon dioxide hydrogenation is one of the most promising and economic techniques to utilize CO2 emissions to produce value-added chemicals. With contributions from an international team of experts on the topic, CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis offers a comprehensive review of the most recent developments in the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formic acid/formate, methanol, methane, and C2+ products. The book explores the electroreduction of carbon dioxide and contains an overview on hydrogen production from formic acid and methanol. With a practical review of the advances and challenges in future CO2 hydrogenation research, the book provides an important guide for researchers in academia and industry working in the field of catalysis, organometallic chemistry, green and sustainable chemistry, as well as energy conversion and storage. This important book: Offers a unique review of effective catalysts and the latest advances in CO2 conversion Explores how to utilize CO2 emissions to produce value-added chemicals and fuels such as methanol, olefins, gasoline, aromatics Includes the latest research in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis as well as electrocatalysis Highlights advances and challenges for future investigation Written for chemists, catalytic chemists, electrochemists, chemists in industry, and chemical engineers, CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis offers a comprehensive resource to understanding how CO2 emissions can create value-added chemicals.

Download or read book Chalcogenide Based Nanomaterials as Photocatalysts written by Mohammad Mansoob Khan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-04-07 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chalcogenide-Based Nanomaterials as Photocatalysts deals with the different types of chalcogenide-based photocatalytic reactions, covering the fundamental concepts of photocatalytic reactions involving chalcogenides for a range of energy and environmental applications. Sections focus on nanostructure control, synthesis methods, activity enhancement strategies, environmental applications, and perspectives of chalcogenide-based nanomaterials. The book offers guidelines for designing new chalcogenide-based nanoscale photocatalysts at low cost and high efficiency for efficient utilization of solar energy in the areas of energy production and environment remediation. - Provides information on the development of novel chalcogenide-based nanomaterials - Outlines the fundamentals of chalcogenides-based photocatalysis - Includes techniques for heterogeneous catalysis based on chalcogenide-based nanomaterials

Download or read book Heterogenized Homogeneous Catalysts for Fine Chemicals Production written by Pierluigi Barbaro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-02 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table 1 E factors (tonnes of waste generated per tonne of product manufactured [7] Industry segment Annual product tonnage E factor 6 8 Oil refining 10 –10 Approx. 0. 1 4 6 Bulk chemicals 10 –10

Download or read book Nanotechnology for Energy Sustainability written by Baldev Raj and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 1487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dieses Referenzwerk in drei handlichen Bänden bietet einen detaillierten Überblick über Anwendungen der Nanotechnologie im Bereich Nachhaltigkeit in der Energieversorgung. Der erste Band dieses klar strukturierten Nachschlagewerks behandelt nach der Einleitung die Themen Energieerzeugung, erneuerbare Energien, Energiespeicherung, Energieverteilung sowie Energieumwandlung und Energy-Harvesting. Im zweiten Band werden auf Nanotechnologie basierte Materialen, Energieeinsparung und -management, technologische und urheberrechtlich relevante Fragen, Märkte und Umweltsanierung erörtert. Der dritte Band wirft einen Blick in die Zukunft, auf technologische Fortschritte und gibt Empfehlungen. Ein wichtiges Handbuch für alle Experten auf diesem Gebiet, von Forschern und Ingenieuren im wissenschaftlichen Bereich bis hin zu Entwicklern in der Industrie.

Download or read book Photoelectrocatalysis written by Leonardo Palmisano and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-10-21 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoelectrocatalysis: Fundamentals and Applications presents an in-depth review of the topic for students and researchersworking on photoelectrocatalysis-related subjects from pure chemistry to materials and environmental chemistry inorder to propose applications and new perspectives. The main advantage of a photoelectrocatalytic process is the mildexperimental conditions under which the reactions are carried out, which are often possible at atmospheric pressure androom temperature using cheap and nontoxic solvents (e.g., water), oxidants (e.g., O2 from the air), catalytic materials (e.g.,TiO2 on Ti layer), and the potential exploitation of solar light. This book presents the fundamentals and the applications of photoelectrocatalysis, such as hydrogen production fromwater splitting, the remediation of harmful compounds, and CO2 reduction. Photoelectrocatalytic reactors and lightsources, in addition to kinetic aspects, are presented along with an exploration of the relationship between photocatalysisand electrocatalysis. In addition, photocorrosion issues and the application of selective photoelectrocatalytic organictransformations, which is now a growing field of research, are also reported. Finally, the advantages/disadvantages andfuture perspectives of photoelectrocatalysis are highlighted through the possibility of working at a pilot/industrial scale inenvironmentally friendly conditions. Presents the fundamentals of photoelectrocatalysis Outlines photoelectrocatalytic green chemistry Reviews photoelectrocatalytic remediation of harmful compounds, hydrogen production, and CO2 reduction Includes photocorrosion, photoelectrocatalytic reactors, and modeling along with kinetic aspects

Download or read book Flow Chemistry Fundamentals written by Ferenc Darvas and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2014-08-25 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Flow Chemistry fills the gap in graduate education by covering chemistry and reaction principles along with current practice, including examples of relevant commercial reaction, separation, automation, and analytical equipment. The Editors of Flow Chemistry are commended for having taken the initiative to bring together experts from the field to provide a comprehensive treatment of fundamental and practical considerations underlying flow chemistry. It promises to become a useful study text and as well as reference for the graduate students and practitioners of flow chemistry." Professor Klavs Jensen Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA Broader theoretical insight in driving a chemical reaction automatically opens the window towards new technologies particularly to flow chemistry. This emerging concept promotes the transformation of present day's organic processes into a more rapid continuous set of synthesis operations, more compatible with the envisioned sustainable world. These two volumes Fundamentals and Applications provide both the theoretical foundation as well as the practical aspects.