Download or read book In s i tu Determination of Optical Properties of Seawater and Particle Characteristics in the Corfu Sea written by G. B. J. Dubelaar and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Light Absorption in Sea Water written by Bogdian Wozniak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-11 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed description of light absorption and absorbents in seawaters with respect to provenance, region of the sea, depth of the occurrence and trophicity. The text is based on a substantial body of contemporary research results taken from the subject literature (over 400 references) and the work of the authors over a period of 30 years.
Download or read book Bio Optical Properties of the Arabian Sea As Determined by In Situ and SeaWifs Data written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this work was to characterize optical and fluorescence properties in the euphotic zone during two British Ocean Flux Study (BOFS) Arabian Sea cruises. This was later expanded in 1995 to include three U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) Arabian Sea Cruises. The region was to be divided into one or more "bio-optical provinces", within each of which a single set of regression models was to be developed to relate the vertical distribution of irradiance attenuation and normalized fluorescence (SF and NF) to remote sensing reflectance and diffuse attenuation coefficient [K(490)]. The working hypothesis was that over relatively large spatial and temporal scales, the vertical profiles of bio-optical properties were predictable. Trees, Charles C. Unspecified Center CHORS-TM-004-97 NAGw-2154...
Download or read book Bio Optical Properties of the Arabian Sea As Determined by in Situ and Sea WiFS Data written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this work was to characterize optical and fluorescence properties in the euphotic zone during two British Ocean Flux Study (BOFS) Arabian Sea cruises. This was later expanded in 1995 to include three U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea Cruises. The region was to be divided into one or more "bio-optical provinces," within each of which a single set of regression models was to be developed to relate the vertical distribution of irradiance attenuation and normalized fluorescence (SF and NF) to remote sensing reflectance and diffuse attenuation coefficient. The working hypothesis was that over relatively large spatial and temporal scales, the vertical profiles of bio-optical properties were predictable. The specific technical objectives were: (1) To characterize the vertical distribution of the inherent and apparent optical properties by measuring downwelling and upwelling irradiances, upwelling radiances, scalar irradiance of PAR, and beam transmissions at each station - from these data, spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients, irradiance reflectances, remote sensing reflectances, surface-leaving radiances and beam attenuation coefficients were determined; (2) To characterize the spectral absorption of total particulate, detrital, and dissolved organic material at each station from discrete water samples; (3) To describe the vertical distribution of photoadaptive properties in the water column by measuring profiles of stimulated (SF) and natural (NF) fluorescence and examining relationships between SF and NF as a function of diffuse optical depth, pigment biomass and primary productivity; and (4) To establish locally derived, in-water algorithms relating remote sensing reflectance spectra to diffuse attenuation coefficients, phytoplankton pigment concentrations and primary productivity, through intercomparisons with in situ measurements, for application to SeaWiFS data. Trees, Charles C. Unspecified Center NASA-CR-205485, NAS 1.26:205485, CHORS-...
Download or read book Bio optical Properties of the Arabian Sea as Determined by in Situ and SeaWiFS Data written by C. C. Trees and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparison of the Optical Properties of Sea Water with Those of Pure Water written by Dana Elwood Hobson and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Spectral Backscattering Properties of Marine Particles written by Amanda L. Whitmire and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inherent and apparent optical properties of different ocean regimes are the basis for all optical remote sensing of the ocean. Ecological information derived from remote sensors therefore relies on having a detailed understanding of how particulate backscattering and absorption contribute to the bulk optical signal. The absorption characteristics of oceanic particles, e.g. phytoplankton and marine bacteria, organic detritus, and minerogenic particles, have been well characterized, and there are several ways to determine their contribution to bulk signals. In contrast, the backscattering properties of marine particles are not well understood, and indeed there is still some uncertainty regarding the dominant sources of backscattering in the ocean. Recent advances in optical instrumentation now permit laboratory and in situ examination of the spectral backscattering properties of marine particles, and we use these new tools to improve the characterization of backscattering in the ocean. We first investigated the ratio of backscattering to total scattering across a wide range of oceanic environments and particle types. The spectral dependency of the particulate backscattering ratio (backscattering/scattering in all directions) is relevant in the fields of ocean color inversion, light field modeling, and inferring particle properties from optical measurements. Aside from theoretical predictions for spherical, homogeneous particles, we have had very limited data showing the actual in situ spectral variability of the particulate backscattering ratio. Our analysis of five data sets from different ocean regimes revealed no spectral dependence of the particulate backscattering ratio within our measurement certainty. We did find however, that different particle populations demonstrated qualitative differences in the backscattering ratio. In an effort to better understand the variability that we observed in in situ backscattering, we investigated the spectral backscattering properties of thirteen species of marine phytoplankton using laboratory cultures. Theoretical analysis has shown that the backscattering coefficient and backscattering ratio may be influenced by particle size, shape, composition, and internal structure. We found species-specific relationships between backscattering and photosynthetic pigment concentration, and distinct differences between species in the backscattering ratio. These differences were related to cell size and were likely influenced by internal cell structure and composition. Of particular importance is our finding that backscattering by phytoplankton cells is higher than predicted by model studies. Finally, we used the backscattering coefficient and the backscattering ratio to aid in the discrimination of non-algal particle populations and major phytoplankton taxonomic groups in a complex coastal environment. We combined information from multiple in situ measurements, including chlorophyll concentration, hyperspectral absorption and attenuation, as well as backscattering, to discriminate and track phytoplankton groups and colored detrital matter in an optically complex, nearshore environment. We applied these approaches to interpret a time-series of hyperspectral optical observations from a coastal mooring.
Download or read book Optical Properties and Remote Sensing of Multicomponental Water Bodies written by Kh. I︠U︡ Arst and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-04-29 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The text covers the problems concerning optical properties and remote sensing of turbid and surface-polluted oceans and lakes. In four chapters Helgi Arst compares remote sensing data with data collected from similar examination of clean waters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the main radiative and remote sensing characteristics and provides discussion on the properties of optically active substances (OAS) in the water and their variability and concentration, drawing on original data obtained in the Baltic Sea region. Chapter 2 focuses on the investigation of the influence of surface oil slicks on the reflection and absorption of solar radiation for both calm and ruffled sea surfaces. A model is provided for determining the temperature and the reflected component in upwelling rough seas. Chapter 3 provides remote sensing results obtained mainly for the Baltic Sea region, including some lakes. Correlations between the concentrations of OAS, water transparency and total remote sensing reflectance are investigated. Chapter 4 deals with subsurface irradiance and optical classification of turbid waters. This chapter analyses the different criteria of the euphotic depth, drawing on a semi-empirical model for the estimation of underwater light scattering. The conclusion provides discussion on the results obtained.
Download or read book Optical Properties of Sea Water written by Niels K. Højerslev and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Outstanding Topics in Ocean Optics written by Dariusz Stramski and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-23 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean optics is a branch of oceanography which is firmly embedded in studies of a great variety of ocean science and engineering questions. The interactive nature between radiative transfer of light and various dissolved and particulate constituents of seawater is at the core of ocean optics science and applications. The transfer of radiant solar energy has vital implications to life and climate on Earth, and the large variety of subjects of ocean optics ranges from the subtle problems of physical optics to optical remote sensing towards a better understanding of ocean biology, biogeochemistry and ecosystems and their roles in the Earth's system processes. The intention of this book is to present a collection of papers that generally share a common denominator of frontier topics in ocean optics which are unique, uncommon or outstanding in the literature, and to provide a balanced view of the extraordinary breadth of research in this field. Topics as diverse as measurements and modeling of radiative transfer, light fields, light scattering and polarization, ocean color, benthic optical properties, and the use of optics for characterizing seawater constituents are addressed in this book. The book is expected to be of interest and useful to a broad audience of professional ocean scientists, engineers and advanced students with an interest in ocean optics and applications of optical methods in oceanography.
Download or read book Theoretical Dependence of the Near asymptotic Apparent Optical Properties on the Inherent Optical Properties of Sea Water written by George F. Beardsley and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Properties of Sea Water written by Niels Kristian Højerslev and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods of Seawater Analysis written by Klaus Grasshoff and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-07-30 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the book first appeared in 1976, Methods of Seawater Analysis has found widespread acceptance as a reliable and detailed source of information. Its second extended and revised edition published in 1983 reflected the rapid pace of instrumental and methodological evolution in the preceding years. The development has lost nothing of its momentum, and many methods and procedures still suffering their teething troubles then have now matured into dependable tools for the analyst. This is especially evident for trace and ultra-trace analyses of organic and inorganic seawater constituents which have diversified considerably and now require more space for their description than before. Methods to determine volatile halocarbons, dimethyl sulphide, photosynthetic pigments and natural radioactive tracers have been added as well as applications of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and various electrochemical methods for trace metal analysis. Another method not previously described deals with the determination of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide as part of standardised procedures to describe the marine CO2 system.
Download or read book Closure Between Apparent and Inherent Optical Properties of the Ocean with Applications to the Determination of Spectral Bottom Reflectance written by James Edward Ivey and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: This study focuses on comparing six different marine optical models, field measurements, and laboratory measurements. Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs) of the water column depend only on the constituents within the water, not on the ambient light field. Apparent Optical Properties (AOPs) depend both on IOPs and the geometric underwater light field resulting from solar irradiance. Absorption (a) and scattering (b) are IOPs. Scattering can be partitioned into backscattering (b[subscript b]). Remote Sensing Reflectance (R[subscript rs]), the ratio of radiant light leaving the water to the light entering the water surface plane (E[subscript d]), is an AOP. R[subscript rs] is proportional to b[subscript b]/(a + b[subscript b]). Using this relationship, R[subscript rs] is inverted to determine both absorption and backscattering. The constituents contributing to both absorption and backscattering can then be further deconvolved using modeling techniques. The in situ instruments usually have a fixed path length while AOP measurement path length depends on the penetration and/or return of downwelling solar irradiance. As a consequence, AOP measurements use a longer path length than in situ instruments. If the path length of a direct IOP measurement instrument is too short, there may not be sufficient signal to determine a change in value. While the AOP inversions require more empirical assumptions to determine IOP values than in situ instruments, they provide a higher signal to noise ratio in clearer waters. This study defines closure as the statistical agreement between instruments and methods in order to determine the same optical property. No method is considered absolute truth. An R[subscript rs] inversion algorithm was best under most of the test stations for measuring IOP values. One exception was when bottom reflectance was significant, an inversion of diffuse attenuation (the change in the natural log of E[subscript d] over depth) was better for determining absorption and a field instrument was better for determining backscattering. The relationships between AOPs and IOPs provide estimates of unmeasured optical properties. A method was developed to determine the spectral reflectance of the bottom using IOP estimates and R[subscript rs].
