Download or read book In line Measurement of Total and Isotopic Plutonium Concentrations by Gamma ray Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preliminary experiments studying the feasibility of gamma-ray spectrometry for in-line measurements of plutonium in solutions are described. The isotopic content of the plutonium was measured by direct counting and the total plutonium content by a differential attenuation technique. Two separate experiments on different solutions were performed with each technique. Our results show that both isotopic and total measurements can be made with precisions around 0.25 to 0.5 percent.
Download or read book Passive Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials written by Doug Reilly and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determination of Plutonium Isotopic Composition by Gamma ray Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We discuss the general approach, computerized data analysis methods, and results of measurements used to determine the isotopic composition of plutonium by gamma-ray spectroscopy. The simple techniques are designed to be applicable to samples of arbitrary size, geometry, age, chemical, and isotopic composition. The combination of the gamma spectroscopic measurement of isotopic composition coupled with calorimetric measurement of total sample power is shown to give a totally nondestructive determination of sample plutonium mass with a precision of 0.6% for 1000-g samples of PuO2 with 12% 24°Pu content. The precision of isotopic measurements depends upon many factors, including sample size, sample geometry, and isotopic content. Typical ranges are found to be 238Pu, 1 to 10%; 239Pu, 0.1 to 0.5%; 24°Pu, 2 to 5%; 241Pu, 0.3 to 0.7%; 242Pu (determined by isotopic correlation); and 241Am, 0.2 to 10%.
Download or read book Application of On line Plutonium Isotopic Concentration Monitors at a Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Plant written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gamma-ray spectroscopy is used to assay plutonium solutions flowing through thin sample cells. The direct measurement of gamma-ray intensities are used to determine the plutonium isotopic content and total concentration. The development of spectral analysis algorithms, the use of appropriate instrument internal standards, techniques to minimize spectral acquisition times, and methods to deduce the 242Pu content are discussed. Results of experiments on plutonium solutions in the 200 to 500 grams/liter concentration range of typical light water reactor isotopic content are given. These solutions typify the purified plutonium product streams in a reprocessing plant. The isotopic and total plutonium assay results as determined by this technique are within 0.5% of the reference values, as determined by mass spectrometry and controlled potential coulometry, respectively. Similar techniquescan also be applied to low concentration plutonium solutions. Plutonium isotopic ratios can be determined by this technique and the alpha specific activities computed. For low concentration (10−° to 10−4 grams/liter) streams, cerium activated Vycor scintillation detectors can then be used for plutonium monitoring. This is compared with other proposed methods of on-line plutonium analyses. Modes of operation of these monitors for real-time inventory and diversion detection are discussed.
Download or read book Measurement Control for Plutonium Isotopic Measurements Using Gamma ray Spectrometry written by John G. Fleissner and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On the Use of Gamma ray Spectroscopy to Determine Pu Isotopic Abundances in Plutonium Sources written by H. W. Kraner and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plutonium Isotopic Measurements by Gamma Ray Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nondestructive assay of plutonium is important as a safeguard tool in accounting for stategic nuclear material. Several nondestructive assay techniques, e.g., calorimetry and spontaneous fission assay detectors, require a knowledge of plutonium and americium isotopic ratios to convert their raw data to total grams of plutonium. This paper describes a nondestructive technique for calculating plutonium-238, plutonium-240, plutonium-241 and americium-241 relative to plutonium-239 from measured peak areas in the high resolution gamma-ray spectra of solid plutonium samples. Gamma-ray attenuation effects have been minimized by selecting sets of neighboring peaks in the spectrum whose components are due to the different isotopes. Since the detector efficiencies are approximately the same for adjacent peaks, the accuracy of the isotopic ratios are dependent on the half-lives, branching intensities and measured peak areas. The data presented describes the results obtained by analyzing gamma-ray spectra in the energy region from 120 to 700 keV. The majority of the data analyzed was obtained from plutonium material containing 6% plutonium-240. Sample weights varied from 0.25 g to approximately 1.2 kg. The methods have also been applied to plutonium samples containing up to 23% plutonium-240 with weights of 0.25 to 200g. Results obtained by gamma-ray spectroscopy are compared to chemical analyses of aliquots taken from the bulk samples.
Download or read book On line Monitoring of Low level Plutonium Concentrations written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An on-line monitor has been developed to assay plutonium in nitric acid solutions. The performance of the monitor has been assessed by a laboratory experimentation program using solutions with plutonium concentrations from 0.1 to 10 g/l. These conditions are typical of the plutonium solutions in an input stream to a plutonium-purification cycle in a reprocessing plant following uranium/plutonium partitioning. The monitoring system can be fully automated and shows great promise for detecting and quantifying plutonium in situ, thus minimizing the reliance on traditional sampling and laboratory-analysis techniques. The total concentration and isotopic abundance of plutonium are determined by measuring the absolute intensities of the low-energy gamma rays characteristics of /sup 238/Pu, /sup 239/Pu, and /sup 240/Pu nuclides by direct gamma-ray spectroscopy and computer analysis of the spectral data. The addition of a monitoring system of this type to the input stream of a plutonium-purification cycle along with other suitable monitors on the waste streams and on the product stream provides the basis for a near real-time materials control and inventory system. Results of the laboratory-evaluation program employing plutonium in solutions with isotopic compositions typical of those involved in processing light water reactor fuels are presented. The detailed design of a monitoring cell and detection system is given. The precision and accuracy of the results relative to those measured by mass spectrometry and controlled potential coulometry are also summarized.
Download or read book Measurement Control for Plutonium Isotopic Measurements Using Gamma ray Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A measurement control (MC) program should be an integral part of every nondestructive assay measurement system used for the assay of special nuclear materials. This report describes an MC program for plutonium isotopic composition measurements using high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy. This MC program emphasizes the standardization of data collection procedures along with the implementation of internal and external measurement control checks to provide the requisite measurement quality assurance. This report also describes the implementation of the MC program in the isotopic analysis code GRPAUT. Recommendations are given concerning the importance and frequency of the various MC checks in order to ensure a successful implementation of the MC procedures for the user's application.
Download or read book Status of Plutonium Isotopic Measurements by Gamma ray Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measurement of Plutonium and Uranium Isotopic Abundances by Gamma ray Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The isotopic composition of plutonium and uranium is needed for purposes of sample confirmation, or for interpreting results from calorimeters or neutron-coincidence measurement instruments to determine nuclear material mass. The authors have developed measurement methods and computer codes utilizing high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry to measure the relative isotopic abundances of plutonium and uranium in various forms nondestructively. The computer codes, known as MGA and MGAU, have unique analysis methodologies that the authors briefly describe in this paper.
Download or read book Standard Test Method for Determination of Plutonium Isotopic Composition by Gamma Ray Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Staatistische Wohl gegr ndte Glaubens Articul written by and published by . This book was released on 1704 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Improvement in Measurements of Plutonium in Spent fuel Dissolver Solutions written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have studied the improvement in simultaneous measurements of concentrations and isotopic compositions for plutonium in input spent-fuel dissolver solutions at a reprocessing plant by isotope dilution gamma-ray spectrometry (IDGS) technique. The IDGS technique uses the high-resolution low-energy gamma-ray spectrometry and isotope dilution method. The dissolver solutions are subsequently measured using high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry following the fission product separations by extraction chromatography using U/TEVA·Spec resins. The improved method can simplify the separation procedure and save more than 2 hours in sample preparation time. The results of plutonium concentrations and isotopic compositions of dissolver solutions analyzed by IDGS agree very well with those obtained by traditional isotope dilution mass spectrometry. The rapid and accurate IDGS technique with the improved separation method could provide a timely, less expensive, and simpler on-site verification method for the input accountability measurements.
Download or read book PC FRAM written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We describe the new capability of and.present measurement results from the PC/FRAM plutonium isotopic analysis code. This new code allows data acquisition from a single coaxial germanium detector and analysis over an energy range from 120 keV to above I MeV. For the first time we demonstrate a complete isotopic analysis using only gamma rays greater than 200 keV in energy. This new capability allows the measurement of the plutonium isotopic composition of items inside shielded or heavy-walled containers without having to remove the items from the container. This greatly enhances worker safety by reducing handling and the resultant radiation exposure. Another application allows international inspectors to verify the contents of items inside sealed, long-term storage containers that may not be opened for national security or treaty compliance reasons. We present measurement results for traditional planar germanium detectors as well as coaxial detectors measuring shielded and unshielded samples.
Download or read book Determination of Plutonium Isotopic Ratios by Using Low energy Gamma ray Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A nondestructive gamma-ray technique has been developed to determine plutonium isotopic ratios. The technique is based on the high-intensity, low-energy gamma rays at 43.48, 45.23, 51.63, 59.54, and 64.83 keV for 238Pu, 24°Pu, 239Pu, 241Am, and 241Pu, respectively. The results demonstrate that this technique can accurately measure plutonium samples in a timely manner and in a wide range of masses, isotopic contents, chemical forms, and ages from chemical processing.
Download or read book Low level Determination of Plutonium by Gamma and L X ray Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have developed an analytical method for detection of 239Pu in aqueous samples at concentrations as low as 10−1° M. This nuclear counting technique utilizes the uranium L X-rays, which follow the alpha decay of plutonium. Because L X-rays are specific for the element and not for the individual isotopes, the isotopic composition of the plutonium sample must be known. The counting efficiency in the 11--23 keV range is determined from a plutonium standard, and the concentration of the sample is then calculated from the L X-ray count and the isotopic composition. The total L X-ray count is corrected for possible contributions from other radionuclides present as impurities by measuring the low-energy gamma spectrum for each contaminant to establish specific photon/X-ray ratios. The ratios are important when 241Pu and 242Pu are measured, because the respective decay chain members produce non-U L X-rays. This new method can replace the use of labor-intensive radiochemical separation techniques and elaborate activation methods for analysis of 239Pu in aqueous samples. It is also applicable for assaying plutonium in liquid wastes that pose possible hazards to the environment.
