Download or read book Improving Problem Solving with Illustrations and Analogies written by Paul R. Sparks and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Problem Solving by Analogy written by Laura Imperatori and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2014-07-11 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject Psychology - Social Psychology, grade: A, University of Cambridge (Department of Psychology), course: Part IB Experimental Psychology, language: English, abstract: We investigate problem solving by analogy in order to see whether solving a similar, easier problem beforehand aids in deciphering a more complicated one, given that the two problems have a similar (homomorphic) problem state. The two problems that have been used in this experiment are the historic Missionary & Cannibals problem (M&C) as well as its visual representation - referred to as "Counter-Moving" (CM) in the following. The use of analogy in problem solving requires restructuring the problem in order to create an insight - as can be measured by "warmth" ratings - in contrast to problem solving based on trial-and-error learning (mostly common in elementary algebra) as proposed by behaviourists such as Thorndike. The restructuring of the problem relies on mapping from a source domain to a target domain. Since there is an infinite number of possible source domains, many humans have difficulies at spontaneous use of analogy and need its relevance to be highlighted. We have shown that the success rate on the counter-moving problem does differ significantly from the success rate on the M&C problem, which implies that the CM problem is conceptually easier to understand. Hence, we could show that solving a similar, easier problem with a homomorphic problem state does indeed increase the success rate of solving a more complicated one later by comparing the success rates between Groups A and B that solved the problems in opposite orders.
Download or read book Math Analogies Level 1 written by Linda Brumbaugh and published by . This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mathematical Reasoning written by Lyn D. English and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How we reason with mathematical ideas continues to be a fascinating and challenging topic of research--particularly with the rapid and diverse developments in the field of cognitive science that have taken place in recent years. Because it draws on multiple disciplines, including psychology, philosophy, computer science, linguistics, and anthropology, cognitive science provides rich scope for addressing issues that are at the core of mathematical learning. Drawing upon the interdisciplinary nature of cognitive science, this book presents a broadened perspective on mathematics and mathematical reasoning. It represents a move away from the traditional notion of reasoning as "abstract" and "disembodied", to the contemporary view that it is "embodied" and "imaginative." From this perspective, mathematical reasoning involves reasoning with structures that emerge from our bodily experiences as we interact with the environment; these structures extend beyond finitary propositional representations. Mathematical reasoning is imaginative in the sense that it utilizes a number of powerful, illuminating devices that structure these concrete experiences and transform them into models for abstract thought. These "thinking tools"--analogy, metaphor, metonymy, and imagery--play an important role in mathematical reasoning, as the chapters in this book demonstrate, yet their potential for enhancing learning in the domain has received little recognition. This book is an attempt to fill this void. Drawing upon backgrounds in mathematics education, educational psychology, philosophy, linguistics, and cognitive science, the chapter authors provide a rich and comprehensive analysis of mathematical reasoning. New and exciting perspectives are presented on the nature of mathematics (e.g., "mind-based mathematics"), on the array of powerful cognitive tools for reasoning (e.g., "analogy and metaphor"), and on the different ways these tools can facilitate mathematical reasoning. Examples are drawn from the reasoning of the preschool child to that of the adult learner.
Download or read book Analogical Problem Solving written by Mark T. Keane and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Problem Solving written by S. Ian Robertson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Problem solving is an integral part of everyday life yet few books are dedicated to this important aspect of human cognition. In each case, the problem, such as solving a crossword or writing an essay, has a goal. In this comprehensive and timely textbook, the author discusses the psychological processes underlying such goal-directed problem solving, and examines both how we learn from experience of problem solving and how our learning transfers (or often fails to transfer) from one situation to another. Following initial coverage of the methods we use to solve unfamiliar problems, the book goes on to examine the psychological processes involved in novice problem solving before progressing to the methods and processes used by skilled problem solvers or "experts". Topics covered include: how we generate a useful representation of a problem as a starting point; general problem solving strategies we use in unfamiliar situations; possible processes involved in insight or lateral thinking; the nature of problem similarity and the role of analogies in problem solving; understanding and learning from textbooks; and how we develop expertise through the learning of specific problem solving skills. Clear, up-to-date and accessible, Problem Solving will be of interest to undergraduates and postgraduates in cognitive psychology, cognitive science, and educational psychology. The focus on the practical transfer of learning through problem solving will also make it of relevance to educationalists and business psychologists.
Download or read book How to Solve it written by George Pólya and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Polya reveals how the mathematical method of demonstrating a proof or finding an unknown can be of help in attacking any problem that can be "reasoned" out--from building a bridge to winning a game of anagrams."--Back cover.
Download or read book Math Analogies Beginning written by Linda Brumbaugh and published by . This book was released on 2011-12-19 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Upstream written by Dan Heath and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2020-03-03 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wall Street Journal Bestseller New York Times bestselling author Dan Heath explores how to prevent problems before they happen, drawing on insights from hundreds of interviews with unconventional problem solvers. So often in life, we get stuck in a cycle of response. We put out fires. We deal with emergencies. We stay downstream, handling one problem after another, but we never make our way upstream to fix the systems that caused the problems. Cops chase robbers, doctors treat patients with chronic illnesses, and call-center reps address customer complaints. But many crimes, chronic illnesses, and customer complaints are preventable. So why do our efforts skew so heavily toward reaction rather than prevention? Upstream probes the psychological forces that push us downstream—including “problem blindness,” which can leave us oblivious to serious problems in our midst. And Heath introduces us to the thinkers who have overcome these obstacles and scored massive victories by switching to an upstream mindset. One online travel website prevented twenty million customer service calls every year by making some simple tweaks to its booking system. A major urban school district cut its dropout rate in half after it figured out that it could predict which students would drop out—as early as the ninth grade. A European nation almost eliminated teenage alcohol and drug abuse by deliberately changing the nation’s culture. And one EMS system accelerated the emergency-response time of its ambulances by using data to predict where 911 calls would emerge—and forward-deploying its ambulances to stand by in those areas. Upstream delivers practical solutions for preventing problems rather than reacting to them. How many problems in our lives and in society are we tolerating simply because we’ve forgotten that we can fix them?
Download or read book Analogies for Critical Thinking Grade 6 written by Ruth Foster and published by Teacher Created Resources. This book was released on 2011-05 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approach analogies as puzzles. To solve them, students need to use cognitive processes and critical-thinking skills. These exercises present word and/or picture relationships in several different ways. The goal is to develop skills in visual imagery, reading comprehension, vocabulary development, reasoning and test-taking.
Download or read book The Spontaneous Use of Remote Analogies in Problem Solving written by Christopher Randall Wolfe and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Psychology of Problem Solving written by Janet E. Davidson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-06-09 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Problems are a central part of human life. The Psychology of Problem Solving organizes in one volume much of what psychologists know about problem solving and the factors that contribute to its success or failure. There are chapters by leading experts in this field, including Miriam Bassok, Randall Engle, Anders Ericsson, Arthur Graesser, Keith Stanovich, Norbert Schwarz, and Barry Zimmerman, among others. The Psychology of Problem Solving is divided into four parts. Following an introduction that reviews the nature of problems and the history and methods of the field, Part II focuses on individual differences in, and the influence of, the abilities and skills that humans bring to problem situations. Part III examines motivational and emotional states and cognitive strategies that influence problem solving performance, while Part IV summarizes and integrates the various views of problem solving proposed in the preceding chapters.
Download or read book The Art of Problem Solving written by Edward Hodnett and published by New York : Harper & Brothers. This book was released on 1955 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Text and photographs describe the lives of deer, including their feeding, breeding, and defense behavior.
Download or read book Thinking Kids Math Analogies Grade 1 written by Janet Cain and published by Carson-Dellosa Publishing. This book was released on 2011-01-03 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Take a creative approach to teaching math and improve students' critical-thinking skills using Thinking KidsÕ(TM) Math Analogies for grade 1. This 64-page book covers the NCTM strands: Number and Operations, Algebra, Geometry, Measurement, and Data Analysis and Probability. The activities cover each strand with three levels of difficulty to allow for differentiated instruction. This book includes more than 150 analogies, reproducible pages, an answer key, and a skills matrix. It aligns with state, national, and Canadian provincial standards.
Download or read book Analogical Problem Solving written by Dune E. Ives and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ideal Problem Solver written by John Bransford and published by W H Freeman & Company. This book was released on 1993 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provocative, challenging, and fun, The Ideal Problem Solver offers a sound, methodical approach for resolving problems based on the IDEAL (Identify, Define, Explore, Act, Look) model. The authors suggest new strategies for enhancing creativity, improving memory, criticizing ideas and generating alternatives, and communicating more effectively with a wider range of people. Using the results of laboratory research previously available only in a piece-meal fashion or in scientific journals, Bransford and Stein discuss such issues as Teaming new information, overcoming blocks to creativity, and viewing problems from a variety of perspectives.
Download or read book Math Analogies Level 3 written by Darin Beigie and published by . This book was released on 2015-03-01 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
