Download or read book Improved Modeling of Underground Gas Storage in Salt Caverns written by Anita Steinberger and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dynamic Mathematical Model for Underground Gas Storage in Salt Caverns written by Adaeze O. Iloeje and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modeling and Analysis of Salt Cavern Natural Gas Storage written by Pablo Barajas and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Underground Storage of Natural Gas written by M.R. Tek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the proceedings of NATO Advanced Study Institute, 'Underground Storage of Natural Gas - Theory and Practice', which was held at The Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey during 2-10 May 1988. Underground storage is the process which effectively balances a variable demand market with a desirably constant supply provided by pipelines. Storage reservoirs are the unique warehouses designed and developed to provide a ready supply of natural gas in response to high, peak demands during cold weather. The natural' gas is injected into the underground storage environment when the market demand falls below the supply available from the pipeline. It is withdrawn from the storage reservoir to supplement the steady supply provided by the pipelines whenever the demand exceeds the supply. The overall wellbeing of the entire western world in general and of the NATO member count ries in particular depend critically upon having sufficient energy resources. Of over 80 quad Btus of energy consumed each year in the western world, about 30~ comes from natural gas, a figure only exceeded by oil. The technology related to supply and demand of natural gas has been in the focus of long range energy planning during the last decade in Western Europe. In view of recent developments related to natural gas in Europe and Turkey, an "Advanced Study Institute" programme in Turkey on underground storage of natural gas was deemed particularly relevant and timely.

Download or read book Underground Gas Storage written by D. J. Evans and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2009 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The UK became a net importer of natural gas in 2004 and by 2020 will import up to 90% of its requirements, leaving it vulnerable to increasing energy bills and risk of disruption to supply. New pipelines to Europe and improvements to interconnectors will meet some demand, but Government recognises the need for increased gas storage capacity: best met by the construction of underground storage facilities. Energy security has also raised the likelihood of a new generation of coal-fired power-stations, which to be environmentally viable, will require clean-coal technologies with near-zero greenhouse gas emissions. A key element of this strategy will be underground CO2 storage. This volume reviews the technologies and issues involved in the underground storage of natural gas and CO2, with examples from the UK and overseas. The potential for underground storage of other gases such as hydrogen, or compressed air linked to renewable sources is also reviewed.

Download or read book Red Lake Salt Cavern Gas Storage Project written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Improving Natural Gas Storage Modeling for GMM written by Yiran Wang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Underground Gas Storages and Technology in China written by Xinhua Ma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-09-25 with total page 1213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes achievements and technology of China's underground gas storage in the past 20 years based on years of experience and technology accumulated in the construction and operation of gas storages. It also analyses and projects the future construction of underground gas storages in China Readers can systematically understand the construction status of China's underground gas storages, the difficulties encountered and the process and solution to such difficulties. It provides important theoretical and technical guidance for both in China and the world. Features of this book are listed as 1. Understand the development history, construction status, development trend of the underground gas storages around the world with countries and regions listed as case studies. 2. Understand the market demand of China's underground gas storages and resource distribution. 3. Understand the underground gas storages already built in China. 4. Understand the integrity management and risk control of the gas storages in China. 5. Understand the operation and management mode of gas storage. The target audience are those engaging in the research and technical management of the underground gas storage. It’s a valuable reference for both reseachers and college students as well in the fields of underground storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) and helium (He), Power to Gas energy accumulation.

Download or read book Advanced Underground Gas Storage Concepts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 40 years, cavern storage of LPG's, petrochemicals, such as ethylene and propylene, and other petroleum products has increased dramatically. In 1991, the Gas Processors Association (GPA) lists the total U.S. underground storage capacity for LPG's and related products of approximately 519 million barrels (82.5 million cubic meters) in 1,122 separate caverns. Of this total, 70 are hard rock caverns and the remaining 1,052 are caverns in salt deposits. However, along the eastern seaboard of the U.S. and the Pacific northwest, salt deposits are not available and therefore, storage in hard rocks is required. Limited demand and high cost has prevented the construction of hard rock caverns in this country for a number of years. The storage of natural gas in mined caverns may prove technically feasible if the geology of the targeted market area is suitable; and economically feasible if the cost and convenience of service is competitive with alternative available storage methods for peak supply requirements. Competing methods include LNG facilities and remote underground storage combined with pipeline transportation to the area. It is believed that mined cavern storage can provide the advantages of high delivery rates and multiple fill withdrawal cycles in areas where salt cavern storage is not possible. In this research project, PB-KBB merged advanced mining technologies and gas refrigeration techniques to develop conceptual designs and cost estimates to demonstrate the commercialization potential of the storage of refrigerated natural gas in hard rock caverns. DOE has identified five regions, that have not had favorable geological conditions for underground storage development: New England, Mid-Atlantic (NY/NJ), South Atlantic (DL/MD/VA), South Atlantic (NC/SC/GA), and the Pacific Northwest (WA/OR). PB-KBB reviewed published literature and in-house databases of the geology of these regions to determine suitability of hard rock formations for siting storage caverns, and gas market area storage needs of these regions.

Download or read book Underground Storage of CO2 and Energy written by Michael Z. Hou and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-07-07 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of the known greenhouse gases, political attention to date has primarily focused on carbon dioxide (CO2), whereby it is assumed that underground storages of crude oil and natural gas through Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology could contribute significantly to global climate protection. Underground Storage of CO2 and Energy covers many aspects of CO2 sequestration and its usage, as well as of underground storage of fossil and renewable energy sources, and is divided into 8 parts: • Environmental and Energy Policy & Law for Underground Storage • Geological Storage and Monitoring • Enhanced Gas and Oil Recovery Using CO2 (CO2 -EGR/EOR) • Rock Mechanical Behavior in Consideration of Dilatancy and Damage • Underground Storage of Natural Gas and Oil • Underground Storage of Wind Energy • State-of-the-Art & New Developments in Gas Supply in Germany and China • EOR & New Drilling Technology Underground Storage of CO2 and Energy will be invaluable to academics, professionals and engineers, and to industries and governmental bodies active in the field of underground storage of fossil and renewable energy sources.

Download or read book Stability Analyses of Differently Shaped Salt Caverns for Underground Natural Gas Storage written by Erol Onal and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Improved Technologies and Techniques for Reducing Base Gas Requirements in Underground Natural Gas Storage Facilities written by Alan D. Modine and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Base requirements in the U.S. amount to a few trillion cubic feet. The Gas Research Institute has proposed a gas storage operating operating plan wherby an inert gas or a low BTU gas could be injected to replace part of the hydrocarbon gas. A reservoir simulator is based on a modification of SSI's standard 3-phase, 3-dimensional reservoir simulator and therefore it encompasses the experience of more than 20 years of simulation technology. To accomplish the task, the oil equation was removed and a means of tracking a second component (inert) in the gas phase was added. The movement of the inert component was described with the method of characteristics to practically eliminate the numerical dispersion problems associated with the solution of the flow equations with standard finite difference methods. A description of the model is included along with several example problems. The example problems include comparisons of calculated results with analytical solutions and experimental laboratory data from one- and two-dimensional models.

Download or read book Red Lake Salt Cavern Gas Storage Project written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Storage of Hydrocarbons in Underground Formations written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geomechanical Analysis and Design Considerations for Thin Bedded Salt Caverns written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bedded salt formations located throughout the United States are layered and interspersed with non-salt materials such as anhydrite, shale, dolomite and limestone. The salt layers often contain significant impurities. GRI and DOE have initialized this research proposal in order to increase the gas storage capabilities by providing operators with improved geotechnical design and operating guidelines for thin bedded salt caverns. Terralog has summarized the geologic conditions, pressure conditions, and critical design factors that may lead to: (1) Fracture in heterogeneous materials; (2) Differential deformation and bedding plane slip; (3) Propagation of damage around single and multiple cavern; and (4) Improved design recommendations for single and multiple cavern configurations in various bedded salt environments. The existing caverns within both the Permian Basin Complex and the Michigan and Appalachian Basins are normally found between 300 m to 1,000 m (1,000 ft to 3,300 ft) depth depending on local geology and salt dissolution depth. Currently, active cavern operations are found in the Midland and Anadarko Basins within the Permian Basin Complex and in the Appalachian and Michigan Basins. The Palo Duro and Delaware Basins within the Permian Basin Complex also offer salt cavern development potential. Terralog developed a number of numerical models for caverns located in thin bedded salt. A modified creep viscoplastic model has been developed and implemented in Flac3D to simulate the response of salt at the Permian, Michigan and Appalachian Basins. The formulation of the viscoplastic salt model, which is based on an empirical creep law developed for Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) Program, is combined with the Drucker-Prager model to include the formation of damage and failure. The Permian salt lab test data provided by Pfeifle et al. 1983, are used to validate the assumptions made in the material model development. For the actual cavern simulations two baseline models are developed for single and multiple caverns, respectively. Different parameters that affect damage propagation and deformation of salt cavern, such as cavern pressure, operating conditions, cavern height/diameter ratio, overburden stiffness and roof thickness are analyzed and the respective results summarized. For multiple horizontal caverns numerical models are developed to determine the cavern interaction and the minimum safe center to center distance. A step by step methodology for operators to assess critical cavern design parameters for thin bedded salt formations is also presented.

Download or read book Development of Technologies and Techniques to Enhance Underground Natural Gas Storage Operations written by Farrille S. Young and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of the technology currently used by the industry has been prepared and storage field operators' assessments of the relative costs and benefits of the deliverability enhancement techniques being used have been obtained. A compilation of the data provided by the storage field operators indicates that the most widely used remedial techniques include washing, acidizing, reperforation, and infill drilling. An analysis of factors limiting gas storage well deliverability demonstrated that near-wellbore permeability damage could cause serious productivity decline. Analyses of remedial techniques presently used by the operators were performed. New technologies, such as extended wellbores, were evaluated for applicability to gas storage. A cost/benefit analysis of the impact of new technologies on deliverability of the reservoir classifications was performed. Improvements in deliverability of up to 700% are achievable with these techniques based on analytical modeling of generic reservoir types. If such gains can be achieved, a significant reduction of base gas can be realized, end-of-season (low-pressure) deliverability increased, and overall efficiency improved by operating fewer wells at reduced cost.

Download or read book Development of Improved Technologies and Techniques for Reducing Base Gas Requirements in Underground Natural Gas Storage Facilities written by Alan D. Modine and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Base requirements in the U.S. amount to a few trillion cubic feet. The Gas Research Institute has proposed a gas storage operating operating plan wherby an inert gas or a low BTU gas could be injected to replace part of the hydrocarbon gas. A reservoir simulator has been developed to solve gas-water reservoir problems where the gas may be treated as a two-component miscible mixture. The previously developed reservoir simulator was tested on a variety of cases. They covered software performance and interpretive questions regarding the performance of gas storage reservoirs with inert gas injection. The cross section and areal field-wide cases studied gave significant insights into optimum gas storage operations. The calculation efficiency of the previous model was improved by the development of an advanced dispersion calculation, called the Generalized Koval method, which was incorporated into the model Omega. The model was documented in a User's Manual.