Download or read book Improved Definition of NonStandard Neutrosophic Logic and Introduction to Neutrosophic Hyperreals Fifth version written by Florentin Smarandache and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the fifth version of our response-paper [26] to Imamura’s criticism, we recall that NonStandard Neutrosophic Logic was never used by neutrosophic community in no application, that the quarter of century old neutrosophic operators (1995-1998) criticized by Imamura were never utilized since they were improved shortly after but he omits to tell their development, and that in real world applications we need to convert/approximate the NonStandard Analysis hyperreals, monads and binads to tiny intervals with the desired accuracy – otherwise they would be inapplicable. We point out several errors and false statements by Imamura [21] with respect to the inf/sup of nonstandard subsets, also Imamura’s “rigorous definition of neutrosophic logic” is wrong and the same for his definition of nonstandard unit interval, and we prove that there is not a total order on the set of hyperreals (because of the newly introduced Neutrosophic Hyperreals that are indeterminate), whence the Transfer Principle from R to R* is questionable. After his criticism, several response publications on theoretical nonstandard neutrosophics followed in the period 2018-2022. As such, I extended the NonStandard Analysis by adding the left monad closed to the right, right monad closed to the left, pierced binad (we introduced in 1998), and unpierced binad - all these in order to close the newly extended nonstandard space (R*) under nonstandard addition, nonstandard subtraction, nonstandard multiplication, nonstandard division, and nonstandard power operations [23, 24]. Improved definitions of NonStandard Unit Interval and NonStandard Neutrosophic Logic, together with NonStandard Neutrosophic Operators are presented.

Download or read book Improved Definition of NonStandard Neutrosophic Logic and Introduction to Neutrosophic Hyperreals Third version written by Florentin Smarandache and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2018-01-01 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the third version of this response-paper to Imamura’s criticism, we recall that NonStandard Neutrosophic Logic was never used by neutrosophic community in no application, that the quarter of century old neutrosophic operators (1995-1998) criticized by Imamura were never utilized since they were improved shortly after but he omits to tell their development, and that in real world applications we need to convert/approximate the NonStandard Analysis hyperreals, monads and binads to tiny intervals with the desired accuracy – otherwise they would be inapplicable. We point out several errors and false statements by Imamura with respect to the inf/sup of nonstandard subsets, also Imamura’s “rigorous definition of neutrosophic logic” is wrong and the same for his definition of nonstandard unit interval, and we prove that there is not a total order on the set of hyperreals (because of the newly introduced Neutrosophic Hyperreals that are indeterminate), whence the transfer principle is questionable. After his criticism, several response publications on theoretical nonstandard neutrosophics followed in the period 2018-2022. As such, I extended the NonStandard Analysis by adding the left monad closed to the right, right monad closed to the left, pierced binad (we introduced in 1998), and unpierced binad - all these in order to close the newly extended nonstandard space (R*) under nonstandard addition, nonstandard subtraction, nonstandard multiplication, nonstandard division, and nonstandard power operations.

Download or read book Improved Definition of NonStandard Neutrosophic Logic and Introduction to Neutrosophic Hyperreals Fifth version written by Florentin Smarandache and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the fifth version of our response-paper [26] to Imamura’s criticism, we recall that NonStandard Neutrosophic Logic was never used by neutrosophic community in no application, that the quarter of century old neutrosophic operators (1995-1998) criticized by Imamura were never utilized since they were improved shortly after but he omits to tell their development, and that in real world applications we need to convert/approximate the NonStandard Analysis hyperreals, monads and binads to tiny intervals with the desired accuracy – otherwise they would be inapplicable. We point out several errors and false statements by Imamura [21] with respect to the inf/sup of nonstandard subsets, also Imamura’s “rigorous definition of neutrosophic logic” is wrong and the same for his definition of nonstandard unit interval, and we prove that there is not a total order on the set of hyperreals (because of the newly introduced Neutrosophic Hyperreals that are indeterminate), whence the Transfer Principle from R to R* is questionable. After his criticism, several response publications on theoretical nonstandard neutrosophics followed in the period 2018-2022. As such, I extended the NonStandard Analysis by adding the left monad closed to the right, right monad closed to the left, pierced binad (we introduced in 1998), and unpierced binad - all these in order to close the newly extended nonstandard space (R*) under nonstandard addition, nonstandard subtraction, nonstandard multiplication, nonstandard division, and nonstandard power operations [23, 24]. Improved definitions of NonStandard Unit Interval and NonStandard Neutrosophic Logic, together with NonStandard Neutrosophic Operators are presented.

Download or read book Collected Papers Volume XIV written by Florentin Smarandache and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fourteenth volume of Collected Papers is an eclectic tome of 87 papers in Neutrosophics and other fields, such as mathematics, fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, picture fuzzy sets, information fusion, robotics, statistics, or extenics, comprising 936 pages, published between 2008-2022 in different scientific journals or currently in press, by the author alone or in collaboration with the following 99 co-authors (alphabetically ordered) from 26 countries: Ahmed B. Al-Nafee, Adesina Abdul Akeem Agboola, Akbar Rezaei, Shariful Alam, Marina Alonso, Fran Andujar, Toshinori Asai, Assia Bakali, Azmat Hussain, Daniela Baran, Bijan Davvaz, Bilal Hadjadji, Carlos Díaz Bohorquez, Robert N. Boyd, M. Caldas, Cenap Özel, Pankaj Chauhan, Victor Christianto, Salvador Coll, Shyamal Dalapati, Irfan Deli, Balasubramanian Elavarasan, Fahad Alsharari, Yonfei Feng, Daniela Gîfu, Rafael Rojas Gualdrón, Haipeng Wang, Hemant Kumar Gianey, Noel Batista Hernández, Abdel-Nasser Hussein, Ibrahim M. Hezam, Ilanthenral Kandasamy, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Muthusamy Karthika, Nour Eldeen M. Khalifa, Madad Khan, Kifayat Ullah, Valeri Kroumov, Tapan Kumar Roy, Deepesh Kunwar, Le Thi Nhung, Pedro López, Mai Mohamed, Manh Van Vu, Miguel A. Quiroz-Martínez, Marcel Migdalovici, Kritika Mishra, Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Mohamed Talea, Mohammad Hamidi, Mohammed Alshumrani, Mohamed Loey, Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Shabir, Mumtaz Ali, Nassim Abbas, Munazza Naz, Ngan Thi Roan, Nguyen Xuan Thao, Rishwanth Mani Parimala, Ion Pătrașcu, Surapati Pramanik, Quek Shio Gai, Qiang Guo, Rajab Ali Borzooei, Nimitha Rajesh, Jesús Estupiñan Ricardo, Juan Miguel Martínez Rubio, Saeed Mirvakili, Arsham Borumand Saeid, Saeid Jafari, Said Broumi, Ahmed A. Salama, Nirmala Sawan, Gheorghe Săvoiu, Ganeshsree Selvachandran, Seok-Zun Song, Shahzaib Ashraf, Jayant Singh, Rajesh Singh, Son Hoang Le, Tahir Mahmood, Kenta Takaya, Mirela Teodorescu, Ramalingam Udhayakumar, Maikel Y. Leyva Vázquez, V. Venkateswara Rao, Luige Vlădăreanu, Victor Vlădăreanu, Gabriela Vlădeanu, Michael Voskoglou, Yaser Saber, Yong Deng, You He, Youcef Chibani, Young Bae Jun, Wadei F. Al-Omeri, Hongbo Wang, Zayen Azzouz Omar.

Download or read book Neutrosophic Sets and Systems vol 51 2022 written by Florentin Smarandache and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Neutrosophic Sets and Systems” has been created for publications on advanced studies in neutrosophy, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic probability, neutrosophic statistics that started in 1995 and their applications in any field, such as the neutrosophic structures developed in algebra, geometry, topology, etc. Neutrosophy is a new branch of philosophy that studies the origin, nature, and scope of neutralities, as well as their interactions with different ideational spectra. This theory considers every notion or idea together with its opposite or negation and with their spectrum of neutralities in between them (i.e. notions or ideas supporting neither nor ). The and ideas together are referred to as . Neutrosophy is a generalization of Hegel's dialectics (the last one is based on and only). According to this theory every idea tends to be neutralized and balanced by and ideas - as a state of equilibrium. In a classical way , , are disjoint two by two. But, since in many cases the borders between notions are vague, imprecise, Sorites, it is possible that , , (and of course) have common parts two by two, or even all three of them as well. Neutrosophic Set and Neutrosophic Logic are generalizations of the fuzzy set and respectively fuzzy logic (especially of intuitionistic fuzzy set and respectively intuitionistic fuzzy logic).

Download or read book About Nonstandard Neutrosophic Logic written by Florentin Smarandache and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper intends to answer Imamura’s criticism that we found benefic in better understanding the nonstandard neutrosophic logic – although the nonstandard neutrosophic logic was never used in practical applications.

Download or read book Advances of Standard and Nonstandard Neutrosophic Theories written by Florentin Smarandache and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, we approach different topics related to neutrosophics, such as: Neutrosophic Set, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set, Inconsistent Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set, Picture Fuzzy Set, Ternary Fuzzy Set, Pythagorean Fuzzy Set, Atanassov’s Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set of second type, Spherical Fuzzy Set, n-HyperSpherical Neutrosophic Set, q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Set, truth-membership, indeterminacy-membership, falsehood-nonmembership, Regret Theory, Grey System Theory, Three-Ways Decision, n-Ways Decision, Neutrosophy, Neutrosophication, Neutrosophic Probability, Refined Neutrosophy, Refined Neutrosophication, Nonstandard Analysis; Extended Nonstandard Analysis; Open and Closed Monads to the Left/Right; Pierced and Unpierced Binads; MoBiNad Set; infinitesimals; infinities; nonstandard reals; standard reals; Nonstandard Neutrosophic Lattices of First Type (as poset) and Second Type (as algebraic structure); Nonstandard Neutrosophic Logic; Extended Nonstandard Neutrosophic Logic; Nonstandard Arithmetic Operations; Nonstandard Unit Interval; Nonstandard Neutrosophic Infimum; and so on.

Download or read book Extended Nonstandard Neutrosophic Logic Set and Probability Based on Extended Nonstandard Analysis written by Florentin Smarandache and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We extend for the second time the nonstandard analysis by adding the left monad closed to the right, and right monad closed to the left, while besides the pierced binad (we introduced in 1998) we add now the unpierced binad—all these in order to close the newly extended nonstandard space under nonstandard addition, nonstandard subtraction, nonstandard multiplication, nonstandard division, and nonstandard power operations. Then, we extend the Nonstandard Neutrosophic Logic, Nonstandard Neutrosophic Set, and Nonstandard Probability on this Extended Nonstandard Analysis space, and we prove that it is a nonstandard neutrosophic lattice of first type (endowed with a nonstandard neutrosophic partial order) as well as a nonstandard neutrosophic lattice of second type (as algebraic structure, endowed with two binary neutrosophic laws: infN and supN). Many theorems, new terms introduced, better notations for monads and binads, and examples of nonstandard neutrosophic operations are given.

Download or read book Introduction to Neutrosophic Logic written by Charles Ashbacher and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutrosophic Logic was created by Florentin Smarandache (1995) and is an extension / combination of the fuzzy logic, intuitionistic logic, paraconsistent logic, and the thre evalued logics that use an indeterminate value.

Download or read book Introduction to Non Standard Neutrosophic Topology written by Mohammed A. Al Shumrani and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the first time we introduce non-standard neutrosophic topology on the extended non-standard analysis space, called non-standard real monad space, which is closed under neutrosophic non-standard infimum and supremum. Many classical topological concepts are extended to the non-standard neutrosophic topology, several theorems and properties about them are proven, and many examples are presented.

Download or read book Proceedings of the First International Conference on Neutrosophy Neutrosophic Logic Neutrosophic Set Neutrosophic Porbability and Statistics written by Florentin Smarandache editor and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collected papers on neutrosophics [such as: ?neutrosophy? - a new branch of philosophy, ?neutrosophic logic? ? a generalization of the fuzzy logic, ?neutrosophic set? ? a generalization of the fuzzy set, and ?neutrosophic probability? ? a generalization of classical probability and imprecise probability] by Florentin Smarandache, Jean Dezert, Andrzej Buller, Mohammad Khoshnevisan, Sarjinder Singh, Sukanto Bhattacharya, Feng Liu, Gh. C. Dinulescu-Campina, Chris Lucas, and Carlos Gershenson.Neutrosophic Logic involved the foundation of the Dezert-Smarandache Theory of Plausible and Paradoxical Reasoning, which has taken into consideration the combination of uncertain and contradictory information, used now in artificial intelligence.

Download or read book Ecocriticism and Early Modern English Literature written by Todd A. Borlik and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-05-11 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this timely new study, Borlik reveals the surprisingly rich potential for the emergent "green" criticism to yield fresh insights into early modern English literature. Deftly avoiding the anachronistic casting of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century authors as modern environmentalists, he argues that environmental issues, such as nature’s personhood, deforestation, energy use, air quality, climate change, and animal sentience, are formative concerns in many early modern texts. The readings infuse a new urgency in familiar works by Shakespeare, Sidney, Spenser, Marlowe, Ralegh, Jonson, Donne, and Milton. At the same time, the book forecasts how ecocriticism will bolster the reputation of less canonical authors like Drayton, Wroth, Bruno, Gascoigne, and Cavendish. Its chapters trace provocative affinities between topics such as Pythagorean ecology and the Gaia hypothesis, Ovidian tropes and green phenomenology, the disenchantment of Nature and the Little Ice Age, and early modern pastoral poetry and modern environmental ethics. It also examines the ecological onus of Renaissance poetics, while showcasing how the Elizabethans’ sense of a sophisticated interplay between nature and art can provide a precedent for ecocriticism’s current understanding of the relationship between nature and culture as "mutually constructive." Situating plays and poems alongside an eclectic array of secondary sources, including herbals, forestry laws, husbandry manuals, almanacs, and philosophical treatises on politics and ethics, Borlik demonstrates that Elizabethan and Jacobean authors were very much aware of, and concerned about, the impact of human beings on their natural surroundings.

Download or read book A Unifying Field in Logics Neutrosophic Logic Neutrosophy Neutrosophic Set Neutrosophic Probability third edition written by Florentin Smarandache and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2003 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spolia Reincarnated written by Ivana Jevtić and published by Koc University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the cutting edge of spolia studies, the collected essays in this volume explore diverse forms and types of reuse in Anatolia over centuries through a cross-cultural lens. Gathered from the joining of disciplines archaeology, art history, and the history of architecture and landscapean exceptional array of examples is presented, including architectural elements and decoration, sculpture and statuary, space and buildings, and textiles and other objects. Most significantly, this ground-breaking work reveals how objects, materials, and spaces attained new meanings in their afterlives through various modes of reuse. The scholarly contributions published here stem from the Tenth International ANAMED Annual Symposium "Spolia Reincarnated: Second Life of Spaces, Materials, Objects in Anatolia from Antiquity to the Ottoman Period" held at Istanbul's Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) in December 2015. This unique conference marked ANAMED's tenth anniversary and brought together many prominent scholars and former research center fellows, including the volume's editors.

Download or read book Fuzzy Graph Theory written by Sunil Mathew and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-30 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a timely overview of fuzzy graph theory, laying the foundation for future applications in a broad range of areas. It introduces readers to fundamental theories, such as Craine’s work on fuzzy interval graphs, fuzzy analogs of Marczewski’s theorem, and the Gilmore and Hoffman characterization. It also introduces them to the Fulkerson and Gross characterization and Menger’s theorem, the applications of which will be discussed in a forthcoming book by the same authors. This book also discusses in detail important concepts such as connectivity, distance and saturation in fuzzy graphs. Thanks to the good balance between the basics of fuzzy graph theory and new findings obtained by the authors, the book offers an excellent reference guide for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in mathematics, engineering and computer science, and an inspiring read for all researchers interested in new developments in fuzzy logic and applied mathematics.

Download or read book Neutrosophy written by Florentin Smarandache and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modern Trends in Fuzzy Graph Theory written by Madhumangal Pal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-02 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an extensive set of tools for applying fuzzy mathematics and graph theory to real-life problems. Balancing the basics and latest developments in fuzzy graph theory, this book starts with existing fundamental theories such as connectivity, isomorphism, products of fuzzy graphs, and different types of paths and arcs in fuzzy graphs to focus on advanced concepts such as planarity in fuzzy graphs, fuzzy competition graphs, fuzzy threshold graphs, fuzzy tolerance graphs, fuzzy trees, coloring in fuzzy graphs, bipolar fuzzy graphs, intuitionistic fuzzy graphs, m-polar fuzzy graphs, applications of fuzzy graphs, and more. Each chapter includes a number of key representative applications of the discussed concept. An authoritative, self-contained, and inspiring read on the theory and modern applications of fuzzy graphs, this book is of value to advanced undergraduate and graduate students of mathematics, engineering, and computer science, as well as researchers interested in new developments in fuzzy logic and applied mathematics.