Download or read book Impression Management and Non GAAP Reporting in Earnings Announcements written by Encarna Guillamon Saorin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the market's reaction to the disclosure of non-GAAP earnings measures that are combined with high impression management. We construct an impression management score that captures several communication techniques that managers often use to positively bias investors' perceptions of firm's performance. We hand-collect and code both quantitative and qualitative information from earnings announcement press releases of large European firms. Our results indicate that non-GAAP measures are informative to capital markets. However, non-GAAP adjustments are more persistent when accompanied by higher levels of impression management. This evidence is consistent with managers attempting to distort users' perceptions when non-GAAP adjustments are of lower quality. Market reaction tests suggest that investors are able to see through managers' intentions and discount non-GAAP information that is accompanied by high impression management. Moreover, investors in more sophisticated markets penalize non-GAAP measures communicated with high impression management. Our results are robust to a battery of sensitivity tests, including using a machine-coded tone measure.

Download or read book Impression Management and Non GAAP Disclosure in Earnings Announcement written by Encarna Guillamon Saorin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the market's reaction to the disclosure of non-GAAP earnings measures that are combined with high impression management. We construct an impression management score that captures several communication techniques that managers often use to positively bias investors' perceptions of firm's performance. We hand-collect and code both quantitative and qualitative information from earnings announcement press releases of large European firms. Our results indicate that non-GAAP measures are informative to capital markets. However, non-GAAP adjustments are more persistent when accompanied by higher levels of impression management. This evidence is consistent with managers attempting to distort users' perceptions when non-GAAP adjustments are of lower quality. Market reaction tests suggest that investors are able to see through managers' intentions and discount non-GAAP information that is accompanied by high impression management. Moreover, investors in more sophisticated markets penalize non-GAAP measures communicated with high impression management. Our results are robust to a battery of sensitivity tests, including using a machine-coded tone measure.

Download or read book Earnings and Impression Management in Financial Reports written by Jayne M. Godfrey and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines earnings management, as well as the presentational format of graphs (impression management) in the financial reports of Australian listed public companies changing chief executive officers (CEOs). Prior US evidence suggests downward earnings management in the year of senior management changes and upward management in the following year (see Pourciau, 1993). We argue that new managers not only have incentives to manage earnings but also have similar incentives to engage in impression management by manipulating the impressions created by graphs in financial reports. Examining both earnings and impression management simultaneously facilitates the possibility of distinguishing between between management opportunism and attempts to reflect underlying economic performance as explanations for any observed earnings management. In the year of CEO change, we hypothesise and find evidence of downward earnings management but no evidence of any unfavourable impression management of the key financial variables (KFVs) graphed. As posited, we find evidence of upward earnings management and favourable impression management in the year after a CEO change. These results are strongest for the sub-sample where the CEO change was due to a resignation rather than a retirement.To our knowledge, this is the first study to link the earnings and impression management literature and is also the first study to examine impression management in the context of CEO change. Accordingly, it contributes to the literature exploring context-specific incentives for earnings management, impression management and the role of accounting in corporate contracting.

Download or read book Reporting Non GAAP Financial Measures written by Nicola Moscariello and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2019-11-25 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of alternative performance indicators (APMs) (also known as ‘Non-GAAP’ earnings) is a widespread phenomenon, and the increased reliance on APMs has recently triggered a strong debate among regulators, managers and investors on the nature of these ‘tailored’ earnings and on the economic reasons behind them. On one hand, APMs might reflect managers’ attempt to offer useful information to predict companies’ future sustainable cash-flows and earnings (information hypothesis), while, on the other, the non-standardized nature of these metrics impacts on the comparability of the financial results, and reduces the reliability and the faithful representation of financial information (opportunistic hypothesis). By collecting several theoretical and empirical contributions on APMs, this book provides a number of interesting and useful insights on the economics of APMs and their impact on financial markets.

Download or read book The Relation Between Earnings Management and Non GAAP Reporting written by Ervin L. Black and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managers have a variety of tools at their disposal to influence stakeholder perceptions. Earnings management and the strategic reporting of non-GAAP earnings are just two of the available menu choices. We explore how real earnings management and accruals management influence the probability that a company will disclose a non-GAAP adjusted earnings metric in its earnings press release and the likelihood that it will do so aggressively. We first investigate situations where managers already meet analysts' expectations either based on strong operating performance or after employing real and accruals management. We find that when solid operating performance alone allows firms to meet expectations, managers do not employ earnings management or non-GAAP reporting. However, when managers meet expectations using real and accruals management, they are significantly less likely to report a non-GAAP earnings metric. Next, we explore scenarios where companies fall short of expectations. We find that when they just miss expectations after managing GAAP earnings, they are significantly more likely to employ non-GAAP reporting, suggesting that the timing and relatively costless nature of non-GAAP reporting allows managers to appear to meet expectations on a non-GAAP basis when managed GAAP earnings fall short. Moreover, we find that companies are more likely to report non-GAAP earnings (and to do so aggressively) when (i) they are unable to use real or accruals earnings management, (ii) are constrained by prior-period accruals management, and (iii) their operating performance is poor. Taken together, our results are consistent with a substitute relation between non-GAAP reporting and both real and accruals management.

Download or read book The RISE and RISE of NON GAAP DISCLOSURE written by Jeff Coulton and published by . This book was released on 2016-11-24 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Disentangling Managers and Analysts Non GAAP Reporting written by Jeremiah W. Bentley and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers frequently proxy for managers' non-GAAP disclosures using performance metrics available through analyst forecast data providers (FDPs), such as I/B/E/S. The extent to which FDP-provided earnings are a valid proxy for managers' non-GAAP reporting, however, has been debated extensively. We explore this important question by creating the first large-sample data set of managers' non-GAAP earnings disclosures, which we directly compare to I/B/E/S data. Although we find a substantial overlap between the two data sets, we also find that they differ in systematic ways because I/B/E/S (1) excludes managers' lower quality non-GAAP numbers and (2) sometimes provides higher quality non-GAAP measures that managers do not explicitly disclose. Our results indicate that using I/B/E/S to identify managers' non-GAAP disclosures significantly underestimates the aggressiveness of their reporting choices. We encourage researchers interested in managers' non-GAAP reporting to use our newly available data set of manager-disclosed non-GAAP metrics because it more accurately captures managers' reporting choices.

Download or read book Earnings Management and Impression Management written by Encarna Guillamon Saorin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the increasing complexity and length of firm communication, little is known about how the quality of mandatory and voluntary disclosures relates to each other, or how the insiders that prepare these documents interact. In this paper, we examine the links between impression management in annual results press releases and accruals and real earnings management in the audited financial statements. We show that earnings management is positively associated with impression management. This indicates that firms engaging in self-serving disclosure practices may do so at several levels of firm communication, in an attempt to influence outsiders' perceptions. However, our results suggest that scrutiny concerns and risk of detection moderate this association. We find that predicted levels of earnings management are more strongly associated with impression management than unpredicted levels of earnings management. Also, we observe a stronger association between impression management and unpredicted levels of real earnings management (less visible) than predicted accruals earnings management (more visible). We further show that this is influenced by the risk of detection.

Download or read book Has Regulation G Improved the Information Quality of Non GAAP Earnings Disclosures written by Han Sang Yi and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Introduction to Earnings Management written by Malek El Diri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-20 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides researchers and scholars with a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of earnings management theory and literature. While it raises new questions for future research, the book can be also helpful to other parties who rely on financial reporting in making decisions like regulators, policy makers, shareholders, investors, and gatekeepers e.g., auditors and analysts. The book summarizes the existing literature and provides insight into new areas of research such as the differences between earnings management, fraud, earnings quality, impression management, and expectation management; the trade-off between earnings management activities; the special measures of earnings management; and the classification of earnings management motives based on a comprehensive theoretical framework.

Download or read book Organizational Change and Relational Resources written by Karol Marek Klimczak and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-19 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transitioning organizations to the new normal following environmental shocks, economic upheavals and technological innovations is a challenge to classic organizational management, because no single organization knows with precision what the target of change is. Resources created and operated in relationships can support the organization in overcoming its constraints, changing faster, and adapting better. This book takes a relational perspective on how organizations adjust and adapt to their turbulent environment. Drawing from a broad literature and empirical studies, this book offers novel insights into how businesses create, grow, and manage relationships with partners to support strategic change. It discusses the benefits of cooperating with partners and relying on shared resources, while controlling relational risks. It presents key relational processes including organizational intelligence, open culture, knowledge sharing routines, motivation, co-creation, and communication. It discusses focus areas: longevity of family firms, improving health and safety in medical services, crisis management, public administration reforms, and relational risk management. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and students in the fields of organizational studies, organizational change, technology, and innovation management. Managers and entrepreneurs can find inspiration, motivation, and strategies for implementing and managing relationships along the value chain.

Download or read book Investigating Non professional Investors Susceptibility to Impression Management in Earnings Press Releases written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Impact of Media Attention on the Use of Alternative Earnings Measures written by Miriam Koning and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The practice of reporting earnings measures that deviate from generally accepted accounting principles (non-GAAP measures) has received negative attention in the media. Regulators argue in favour of reporting GAAP earnings measures and utter their concerns that investors may be misled by the use of non-GAAP measures. In a period of increased regulatory concern for these reporting practices, we explore whether there has been a shift away from the use of non-GAAP metrics. We analyse a sample of earnings press releases in the period 1999-2004 from companies listed at Euronext Amsterdam. Our findings indicate that reporting non-GAAP measures is a common practice and that the frequency of reporting non-GAAP earnings measures has increased despite the concerns voiced by regulators. On the other hand, investors seem to have become more hesitant towards the use of alternative earnings measures for their decision-making. Our findings suggest that investors find non-GAAP measures informative before 2003, but they turn away from these measures in the following years and price GAAP earnings metrics instead. Together, these findings suggest that the negative media attention for non-GAAP measures has influenced the perception of investors, but not of managers.

Download or read book The Impact of Media Attention on the Use of Alternative Earnings Measures written by Miriam Koning and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The practice of reporting earnings measures that deviate from generally accepted accounting principles (non-GAAP measures) has received negative attention in the media. In a period of increased regulatory concern for these reporting practices, we explore whether there has been a shift away from the use of non-GAAP metrics. This study focuses on the Dutch situation, where regulators responded conservatively ('light') to the accounting scandals. This contrasts with the U.S., where regulators intervened with a radical ('heavy') reform of regulation. We analyse a sample of earnings press releases published in the period 2000-05 from companies listed at Euronext Amsterdam. Our findings indicate that Dutch companies report non-GAAP measures frequently and prominently. However, companies' reporting behaviour changes after a peak in negative media attention for non-GAAP reporting. The magnitude of the adjustments to GAAP earnings becomes smaller and companies seem to have different reasons to report non-GAAP measures. The effect of the media attention is stronger when companies have been criticized for their non-GAAP reporting in the press. Investors seem to have become more hesitant towards the use of non-GAAP measures for their decision-making after negative media attention. Together, these findings suggest that the negative media attention for non-GAAP measures has influenced the decisions of investors and managers.

Download or read book Impression Management in Financial Reporting written by Encarna Guillamon Saorin and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Managerial Reputation and Non GAAP Earnings Disclosures written by Yun Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I examine how managerial reputation affects the quality of non-GAAP earnings disclosures and how the market reacts to non-GAAP earnings disclosures associated with managerial reputation. Although there was an initial dip in the frequency of non-GAAP earnings disclosures after SOX and Regulation G, the frequency of non-GAAP earnings disclosures has increased in recent years (Brown, Christensen, Elliott and Mergenthaler 2012). Motivated by the efficient contracting theory and managerial reputation incentives, I investigate whether reputable managers are associated with higher quality non-GAAP earnings disclosures. I also investigate whether the market is more responsive to non-GAAP earnings disclosed by reputable managers. Using empirical models modified from prior research, I find that reputable managers are less likely to disclose non-GAAP earnings, which is consistent with the efficient contracting explanation. I also find that reputable managers exclude more recurring items that are related to future operating earnings when they disclose non-GAAP earnings, which is consistent with the rent extraction explanation in prior research. Finally, I find that managerial reputation has an incremental effect on the market reaction and that the market is more responsive to non-GAAP earnings disclosed by reputable managers if the unexpected earnings are positive. The study contributes to both non-GAAP earnings disclosures literature and managerial reputation incentives literature. It also has implications for investors, managers, and regulators.

Download or read book The Financial Numbers Game written by Charles W. Mulford and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-10 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for The Financial Numbers Game "So much for the notion 'those who can, do-those who can't, teach.' Mulford and Comiskey function successfully both as college professors and real-world financial mercenaries. These guys know their balance sheets. The Financial Numbers Game should serve as a survival manual for both serious individual investors and industry pros who study and act upon the interpretation of financial statements. This unique blend of battle-earned scholarship and quality writing is a must-read/must-have reference for serious financial statement analysis." --Bob Acker, Editor/Publisher, The Acker Letter "Wall Street's unforgiving attention to quarterly earnings presents ever increasing pressure on CFOs to manage earnings and expectations. The Financial Numbers Game provides a clear explanation of the ways in which management can stretch, bend, and break accounting rules to reach the desired bottom line. This arms the serious investor or financial analyst with the healthy skepticism required to drive beyond reported results to a clear understanding of a firm's true performance." --Mark Hurley, Managing Director, Training and Development, Global Corporate and Investment Banking, Bank of America "After reading The Financial Numbers Game, I feel as though I've taken a master's level course in financial statement analysis. Mulford and Comiskey's latest book should be required reading for anyone who is serious about fundamentally analyzing stocks." --Harry Domash, San Francisco Chronicle investing columnist and investment newsletter publisher