Download or read book Implementation of a Single sludge Nitrification denitrification Nitrogen Removal Process for the Pennsylvania State University Wastewater Treatment Facility State College PA written by Stephen N. Zeller and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process written by Michael H. Gerardi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2002-01-09 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process, the first in a series on the microbiology of wastewater treatment, comprises the critical topics of cost-effective operation, permit compliance, process control, and troubleshooting in wastewater treatment plants. Avoiding the technical jargon, chemical equations, and kinetics that typically accompany such texts, Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process directly addresses plant operators and technicians, providing necessary information for understanding the microbiology and biological conditions that occur in the treatment process. Of special interest to wastewater treatment plant operators are the bacteria that degrade nitrogenous wastes–the nitrifying bacteria–and the bacteria that degrade carbonaceous wastes–the cBOD-removing bacteria. Both groups of bacteria need to be routinely monitored and operational conditions favorably adjusted to ensure desired nitrification. Each chapter in this groundbreaking study offers a better understanding of the importance of nitrification and denitrification and the bacteria involved in these crucial processes. Chapters include: Organotrophs The Wastewater Nitrogen Cycle Nitrite Ion Accumulation Dissolved Oxygen Denitrifying Bacteria Gaseous End Products Free Molecular Oxygen The Occurrence of Denitrification
Download or read book Process Design Manual for Nitrogen Control written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Technology Transfer and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Process Design Manual for Nitrogen Control written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Technology Transfer and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sequential Nitrification denitrification in a Plug Flow Activated Sludge System written by James A. Heidman and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Operator s Guide to Biological Nutrient Removal BNR in the Activated Sludge Process written by Michael H. Gerardi and published by Chemical Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-05-19 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents - List of Tables - List of Figures - PART ONE: NITRIFICATION - Chapter 1 Introduction - Chapter 2 Nitrogenous and Phosphorous Compounds - Chapter 3 Nitrification: The Basics - Chapter 4 Nitrifying Bacteria - Chapter 5 Nitrification and Limiting Factors - Chapter 6 Promoting Nitrification - PART TWO: DENITRIFICATION - Chapter 7 Denitrification: The Basics - Chapter 8 Denitrifying Bacteria - Chapter 9 Denitrification and Limiting Factors - PART THREE: BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL - Chapter 10 Biological Phosphorus Removal: The Basics - Chapter 11 EBPR: Process Control - Abbreviations and Acronyms - Glossary - Bibliography - Biological nutrient removal (BNR), the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater, is a complex process. Although the activated sludge process is an efficient technology for the removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS), it provides less-than-optimal conditions for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, and presents numerous challenges to the operator trying to satisfy the many requirements for several different groups of bacteria. In addition to satisfying the requirements there are numerous, highly variable operational conditions that impact BNR. These conditions include: changes in strength and composition of the wastewater, alkalinity and pH, temperature, and presence of inhibitory and toxic wastes. Even fluctuations in flows, especially from inflow and infiltration, can adversely impact the aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic conditions needed for successful BNR. Of the three treatment processes, nitrification, denitrification, and enhanced biological removal, nitrification is often the most difficult to achieve. Therefore, a large portion of this book reviews nitrification. Operators of the activated sludge process need to understand the basic biological, chemical, and physical requirements for BNR in order to improve the performance of these treatment processes. An Operator's Guide to Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) in the Activated Sludge Process is intended to help operators in the monitoring, troubleshooting, and process control of BNR. Numerous tables and figures are included in the book to help the operator understand the biological and chemical reactions that are involved in BNR processes and how the reactions can be monitored for process control. Design of BNR processes is not addressed in this book. Design is addressed in numerous engineering publications. The book serves to help operators achieve permit compliance for nitrogen and phosphorus discharge limits and obtain cost-effective operation. -
Download or read book Single Sludge Nitrogen Removal Systems written by P. M. Sutton and published by Ottawa, Ont. : Training and Technology Transfer Division (Water), Environmental Protection Service, Environment Canada. This book was released on 1979 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding of Nitrifying and Denitrifying Bacterial Population Dynamics in an Activated Sludge Process written by Tongzhou Wang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen removal from wastewater has been an important objective in treatment since the 1960s and is one of the most important biological processes used. The progression of knowledge has evolved in stages moving from simple stoichiometric equations into the modern activated sludge models of today. These models use surrogates such as volatile solids for biomass and outcome parameters such as nitrate and nitrite in the secondary effluent to simulate biological activity. Thus, even the most complex models fail to capture the cyclical nature of bacterial abundance and the operating parameters which drive these cycles in full-scale plants. Better understanding of microbial communities has been attempted through the application of florescent in situ hybridization (FISH), which has determined the presence of specific organisms and the distributions of nitrifying and denitrifying populations within a single grab sample. New techniques such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) allowed the identification and quantification of nitrifying and denitrifying bacterial populations over time in full- scale plants. This has permitted the determination of relationships between organisms and operating parameters, which is missing from the majority of earlier microbial studies of wastewater treatment processes.Intense monitoring of bacterial populations involved in nitrification and denitrification was used in this dissertation to identify and illustrate how application of these molecular tools can be used improve plant performance. The overall findings of this study showed that plant performance should be optimized seasonally for maximum nitrification and to maximize denitrification anoxic dissolved oxygen needs to be carefully monitored during the winter and spring to prevent excess oxygen from inhibiting denitrification activity. Furthermore, this study suggests that consortia of bacterial groups carried out denitrification and no one single group could be identified which represented more than 50% of the population. This latter finding suggests that interactions, of what might otherwise be considered as minor groups, become important in understanding overall influences on the denitrification process. This was shown by the inhibition of the abundance of denitrifying bacteria through the production of nitrite by a bulking organism (Thiothrix Eikelboomii ).In the first study, we determined the nitrifying populations (ammonia oxidizing bacteria, Nitrobacter spp. and Nitrospira spp.) and the total bacterial population were most affected by five of the major physicochemical parameters. Water temperature, nitrite produced, nitrate produced, solids retention time, and pH were found to be the major physicochemical parameters controlling these bacterial dynamics. Two clusters in Principal Component 1(PC1) reflected a seasonality shift at 26.9°C. Temperature was found to be the parameter most directly affecting all bacterial populations in the warmer seasons (July-December), while nitrite produced and pH showed direct negative impacts on the bacterial populations in the cooler seasons (January-June) in the principal component analysis plot. PC1 and PC2 together accounted for 59.8% of the total variance, and the first six Principal Components accounted for 90.2% of total variance. Nitrifying and total bacterial abundance were strictly dependent on temperature in the summer time and inhibited by pH and nitrite in the winter season. This study found SRT needs to be extended by approximately 3.6 days to achieve optimum nitrification and the reduction of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria: nitrite-oxidizing bacteria ratio of 9.5:1 to 2:1, because the SRT is too short for the Nitrobacter spp. and Nitrospira spp. growth rates.In the second study, two major denitrifying microbial groups, Thauera-like bacteria and Zoogloea-Methyloversatilis-like bacteria, which accounted for 34% on average of the total bacterial community measured using quantitative PCR (qPCR), were investigated in relation to the denitrification ability in a full scale plant. In this study of 11-months in warm wastewater (23-28.6 °C), dissolved oxygen (DO) in the anoxic zone was the most important parameter that determined denitrification efficiency when the temperature was below 27°C. Zoogloea-Methyloversatilis -like bacteria correlated significantly with denitrification ( r= 0.52, p
Download or read book Carbon Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in Staged Nitrification denitrification Treatment written by James A. Haidman and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Acclimation of Nitrifiers for Activated Sludge Treatment written by Robert A. Zimmerman and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-06-30 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrification kinetics were evaluated in bench-scale batch reactors fed with a synthetic wastewater containing approximately 1,000 mg ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N)/L operated at 5, 10, and 20 day solids retention times (SRTs) and with dewatered biosolids supernatant (1,126 to 1,680 mg NH3-N/L) operated at a 20-day SRT. For the 5- and 10-day SRTs, complete nitrification appeared to be inhibited by the presence of un-ionized ammonia and un-ionized nitrous acid. For the 20-day SRT, near complete nitrification was observed for both substrates. Observed ammonium oxidation rates decreased with increasing SRT. Observed yield coefficients were similar for all SRTs and substrates. Fully established steady-state conditions were observed at higher SRTs despite process start-up and operational considerations. Although it may be possible to culture a nitrifier population capable of near-complete nitrification at lower SRTs, the design configuration and operational strategy must mitigate the potential for un-ionized ammonia and un-ionized nitrous acid inhibition (e.g. process start-up at lower concentration with gradual increase to higher concentration, continuous feed operation, etc). Batch bioaugmentation analyses were conducted in the mixed liquor suspended solids and final clarifier effluent from a non-nitrifying activated sludge with seed nitrifiers developed from the 20-day SRT reactors and with biomass from a nitrifying trickling filter facility. Ammonia removal was observed in all bioaugmentation analyses with no apparent lag or acclimation period. Observed ammonium oxidation rates were not significantly different between the seed and batch bioaugmentation reactors. Acclimation does not appear to be a critical obstacle for nitrifier bioaugmentation when environmental conditions (e.g. temperature, pH, etc.) between the seed and bioaugmentation processes are not significantly different.
Download or read book Environment Abstracts Annual 1991 written by Bowker Editorial Staff and published by R. R. Bowker. This book was released on 1992-03 with total page 1792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrification and Denitrification written by Denise Michele Mosca and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dictionary Catalog of the Water Resources Center Archives University of California Berkeley written by Water Resources Center Archives (Calif.) and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrogen Removal Upgrade of Two Pilot scale Wastewater Treatment Plants written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen removal was investigated in two upgraded pilot-scale wastewater treatment plants (P-WWTPs) in this study. For each P-WWTP, the waste-sludge was treated by a digester, one was aerobic and the other was anaerobic. Synthetic feed mimicking medium strength municipal wastewater was fed into each P-WWTP continuously at the flowrate of 20L/hr and the sludge age was 6 days. Two phases, namely phase 1 and phase 2, were conducted for both P-WWTPs. In phase 1, the two P-WWTPs were operated under Aerobic nitrification configuration. In phase 2, the two P-WWTPs were upgraded to pre-denitrification process for higher total nitrogen removal. The two P-WWTPs showed good performance over both phases, around 95% COD and 99% ammonia was removed. For VSS destruction in digesters, it was 44% for the aerobic one and 55% for the anaerobic one. Comparison of phase 1 and phase 2 indicated that in phase 1, more than 20% of the nitrogen coming in the system was denitrified in the secondary clarifier, while in phase 2, denitrification occurred in the anoxic chamber and secondary clarifier attributed more than 50% of total nitrogen coming in the system. The major difference between the two P-WWTPs over both phases was the supernatant returned from the digested sludge. The nitrogen in the supernatant from the aerobic digester was primarily nitrate while ammonia from the anaerobic one.
Download or read book Biological Processes for Nitrogen Removal Theory and Application written by Stanford University. Department of Civil Engineering and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kinetics of Biological Nitrogen Removal in a Single Sludge Activated Sludge Process written by Ephraim Sehayek and published by . This book was released on 1981* with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Study of Nitrate Respiration in the Activated Sludge Process written by Carl Beer and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
