Download or read book Implementation and Evaluation of 3D Reconstruction Algorithms for Dedicated Breast CT written by Zhenzhen Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book 3D Image Reconstruction for CT and PET written by Daniele Panetta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-10-11 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a practical guide to tomographic image reconstruction with projection data, with strong focus on Computed Tomography (CT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Classic methods such as FBP, ART, SIRT, MLEM and OSEM are presented with modern and compact notation, with the main goal of guiding the reader from the comprehension of the mathematical background through a fast-route to real practice and computer implementation of the algorithms. Accompanied by example data sets, real ready-to-run Python toolsets and scripts and an overview the latest research in the field, this guide will be invaluable for graduate students and early-career researchers and scientists in medical physics and biomedical engineering who are beginners in the field of image reconstruction. A top-down guide from theory to practical implementation of PET and CT reconstruction methods, without sacrificing the rigor of mathematical background Accompanied by Python source code snippets, suggested exercises, and supplementary ready-to-run examples for readers to download from the CRC Press website Ideal for those willing to move their first steps on the real practice of image reconstruction, with modern scientific programming language and toolsets Daniele Panetta is a researcher at the Institute of Clinical Physiology of the Italian National Research Council (CNR-IFC) in Pisa. He earned his MSc degree in Physics in 2004 and specialisation diploma in Health Physics in 2008, both at the University of Pisa. From 2005 to 2007, he worked at the Department of Physics "E. Fermi" of the University of Pisa in the field of tomographic image reconstruction for small animal imaging micro-CT instrumentation. His current research at CNR-IFC has as its goal the identification of novel PET/CT imaging biomarkers for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In the field micro-CT imaging, his interests cover applications of three-dimensional morphometry of biosamples and scaffolds for regenerative medicine. He acts as reviewer for scientific journals in the field of Medical Imaging: Physics in Medicine and Biology, Medical Physics, Physica Medica, and others. Since 2012, he is adjunct professor in Medical Physics at the University of Pisa. Niccolò Camarlinghi is a researcher at the University of Pisa. He obtained his MSc in Physics in 2007 and his PhD in Applied Physics in 2012. He has been working in the field of Medical Physics since 2008 and his main research fields are medical image analysis and image reconstruction. He is involved in the development of clinical, pre-clinical PET and hadron therapy monitoring scanners. At the time of writing this book he was a lecturer at University of Pisa, teaching courses of life-sciences and medical physics laboratory. He regularly acts as a referee for the following journals: Medical Physics, Physics in Medicine and Biology, Transactions on Medical Imaging, Computers in Biology and Medicine, Physica Medica, EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing, Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Computerized Tomography written by Gabor T. Herman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-14 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised and updated second edition – now with two new chapters - is the only book to give a comprehensive overview of computer algorithms for image reconstruction. It covers the fundamentals of computerized tomography, including all the computational and mathematical procedures underlying data collection, image reconstruction and image display. Among the new topics covered are: spiral CT, fully 3D positron emission tomography, the linogram mode of backprojection, and state of the art 3D imaging results. It also includes two new chapters on comparative statistical evaluation of the 2D reconstruction algorithms and alternative approaches to image reconstruction.

Download or read book Development and Evaluation of a Dedicated Breast CT Scanner written by Kai Yang and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Implementation and Evaluation of the Image Reconstruction Algorithms for Guided path Tomography written by Praiya Boonnumsirikij and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development Analysis and Evaluation of a Breast CT Scanner written by Nathan Packard and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low dose computed tomography of the breast (breast CT) is a relatively new technology that has potential to improve breast cancer detection and also has potential to serve as a platform for diagnostic and therapeutic work on the breast. We have built two breast CT scanners which are being used for a number of different clinical trials and have scanned more than 200 patients to produce more than 400 high resolution 3D images. The work reported in this dissertation was to advance this technology through: the development and improvement of these breast CT scanners (in both hardware and software) so as to increase their usability and flexibility; the development of tools and algorithms to de-noise, reconstruct, segment, view, and perform statistical analysis on breast CT images; and analysis of breast CT data to determine factors such as average breast density (which is important for both radiation dosimetry and cancer detection), and mass lesion detection sensitivity (for comparing breast CT with mammography). Improvements made to the system include: additional detector modes, the addition of a filter changer, a step and shoot scanning mode, a motor to control the vertical position of the x-ray tube, and the addition of a dedicated breast PET scanner. The breast CT system has been fully streamlined to provide automated calibrations, scans, reconstructions, and image viewing. These improvements have allowed us to focus on clinical trials in breast CT, contrast enhanced breast CT, breast PET CT, breast CT plus breast tomosynthesis, rheumatoid arthritis PET CT, and a dual energy study. Breast density analysis and ideal observer performance analysis of the breast CT image data have shown that breast CT provides relevant information about the breast to researchers as well to clinicians, and has potential to provide earlier detection of cancer in the breast.

Download or read book Development and Implementation of Fully 3D Statistical Image Reconstruction Algorithms for Helical CT and Half ring PET Insert System written by Daniel Brian Keesing and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) have become widely used imaging modalities for screening, diagnosis, and image-guided treatment planning. Along with the increased clinical use are increased demands for high image quality with reduced ionizing radiation dose to the patient. Despite their significantly high computational cost, statistical iterative reconstruction algorithms are known to reconstruct high-quality images from noisy tomographic datasets. The overall goal of this work is to design statistical reconstruction software for clinical x-ray CT scanners, and for a novel PET system that utilizes high-resolution detectors within the field of view of a whole-body PET scanner. The complex choices involved in the development and implementation of image reconstruction algorithms are fundamentally linked to the ways in which the data is acquired, and they require detailed knowledge of the various sources of signal degradation. Both of the imaging modalities investigated in this work have their own set of challenges. However, by utilizing an underlying statistical model for the measured data, we are able to use a common framework for this class of tomographic problems. We first present the details of a new fully 3D regularized statistical reconstruction algorithm for multislice helical CT. To reduce the computation time, the algorithm was carefully parallelized by identifying and taking advantage of the specific symmetry found in helical CT. Some basic image quality measures were evaluated using measured phantom and clinical datasets, and they indicate that our algorithm achieves comparable or superior performance over the fast analytical methods considered in this work. Next, we present our fully 3D reconstruction efforts for a high-resolution half-ring PET insert. We found that this unusual geometry requires extensive redevelopment of existing reconstruction methods in PET. We redesigned the major components of the data modeling process and incorporated them into our reconstruction algorithms. The algorithms were tested using simulated Monte Carlo data and phantom data acquired by a PET insert prototype system. Overall, we have developed new, computationally efficient methods to perform fully 3D statistical reconstructions on clinically-sized datasets.

Download or read book Computed Tomography written by Per Christian Hansen and published by SIAM. This book was released on 2021-09-25 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes fundamental computational methods for image reconstruction in computed tomography (CT) with a focus on a pedagogical presentation of these methods and their underlying concepts. Insights into the advantages, limitations, and theoretical and computational aspects of the methods are included, giving a balanced presentation that allows readers to understand and implement CT reconstruction algorithms. Unique in its emphasis on the interplay between modeling, computing, and algorithm development, Computed Tomography: Algorithms, Insight, and Just Enough Theory develops the mathematical and computational aspects of three main classes of reconstruction methods: classical filtered back-projection, algebraic iterative methods, and variational methods based on nonlinear numerical optimization algorithms. It spotlights the link between CT and numerical methods, which is rarely discussed in current literature, and describes the effects of incomplete data using both microlocal analysis and singular value decomposition (SVD). This book sets the stage for further exploration of CT algorithms. Readers will be able to grasp the underlying mathematical models to motivate and derive the basic principles of CT reconstruction and will gain basic understanding of fundamental computational challenges of CT, such as the influence of noisy and incomplete data, as well as the reconstruction capabilities and the convergence of the iterative algorithms. Exercises using MATLAB are included, allowing readers to experiment with the algorithms and making the book suitable for teaching and self-study. Computed Tomography: Algorithms, Insight, and Just Enough Theory is primarily aimed at students, researchers, and practitioners interested in the computational aspects of X-ray CT and is also relevant for anyone working with other forms of tomography, such as neutron and electron tomography, that share the same mathematical formulation. With its basis in lecture notes developed for a PhD course, it is appropriate as a textbook for courses on computational methods for X-ray CT and computational methods for inverse problems.

Download or read book Tomographic Image Reconstruction written by Shiya Xu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional 2D mammography was the most effective approach to detecting early stage breast cancer in the past decades of years. Tomosynthetic breast imaging is a potentially more valuable 3D technique for breast cancer detection. The limitations of current tomosynthesis systems include a longer scanning time than a conventional digital X-ray modality and a low spatial resolution due to the movement of the single X-ray source. Dr.Otto Zhou's group proposed the concept of stationary digital breast tomosynthesis (s-DBT) using a Carbon Nano-Tube (CNT) based X-ray source array. Instead of mechanically moving a single X-ray tube, s-DBT applies a stationary X-ray source array, which generates X-ray beams from different view angles by electronically activating the individual source prepositioned at the corresponding view angle, therefore eliminating the focal spot motion blurring from sources. The scanning speed is determined only by the detector readout time and the number of sources regardless of the angular coverage spans, such that the blur from patient's motion can be reduced due to the quick scan. S-DBT is potentially a promising modality to improve the early breast cancer detection by providing decent image quality with fast scan and low radiation dose. DBT system acquires a limited number of noisy 2D projections over a limited angular range and then mathematically reconstructs a 3D breast. 3D reconstruction is faced with the challenges of cone-beam and flat-panel geometry, highly incomplete sampling and huge reconstructed volume. In this research, we investigated several representative reconstruction methods such as Filtered backprojection method (FBP), Simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) and Maximum likelihood (ML). We also compared our proposed statistical iterative reconstruction (IR) with particular prior and computational technique to these representative methods. Of all available reconstruction methods in this research, our proposed statistical IR appears particularly promising since it provides the flexibility of accurate physical noise modeling and geometric system description. In the following chapters, we present multiple key techniques of statistical IR to tomosynthesis imaging data to demonstrate significant image quality improvement over conventional techniques. These techniques include the physical modeling with a local voxel-pair based prior with the flexibility in its parameters to fine-tune image quality, the pre-computed parameter κ incorporated with the prior to remove the data dependence and to achieve a predictable resolution property, an effective ray-driven technique to compute the forward and backprojection and an over-sampled ray-driven method to perform high resolution reconstruction with a practical region of interest (ROI) technique. In addition, to solve the estimation problem with a fast computation, we also present a semi-quantitative method to optimize the relaxation parameter in a relaxed order-subsets framework and an optimization transfer based algorithm framework which potentially allows less iterations to achieve an acceptable convergence. The phantom data is acquired with the s-DBT prototype system to assess the performance of these particular techniques and compare our proposed method to those representatives. The value of IR is demonstrated in improving the detectability of low contrast and tiny micro-calcification, in reducing cross plane artifacts, in improving resolution and lowering noise in reconstructed images. In particular, noise power spectrum analysis (NPS) indicates a superior noise spectral property of our proposed statistical IR, especially in the high frequency range. With the decent noise property, statistical IR also provides a remarkable reconstruction MTF in general and in different areas within a focus plane. Although computational load remains a significant challenge for practical development, combined with the advancing computational techniques such as graphic computing, the superior image quality provided by statistical IR will be realized to benefit the diagnostics in real clinical applications.

Download or read book Objective Characterization of Image Reconstruction Algorithms in Computed Tomography and Digital Breast Tomosynthesis written by Sean Douglas Rose and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both X-ray computed tomography (CT) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) have become important clinical tools for the non-invasive assessment and diagnosis of disease in the breast. The continuing development and refinement of image reconstruction methods has led to significant improvements in image quality in both of these modalities. In particular, sparsity exploiting iterative image reconstruction (IIR) methods have demonstrated potential for yielding images of improved quality from the high-noise and limited angular data encountered in breast CT and DBT, respectively; however, realization of these improvements typically requires manual tuning of numerous parameters, often in a case-by-case fashion. Even in the absence of complications introduced by the incorporation of sparsity-exploiting regularizers, it is often difficult to establish a direct link between the parameters involved in specifying an IIR algorithm and the quality of the resulting reconstruction. This thesis aims to address this issue in the context of breast CT and DBT. As a step towards this goal, we simplify the problem by considering IIR without sparsity exploiting regularizers. The primary focus of this thesis is the characterization of parameter trends for such IIR algorithms in breast CT and DBT.

Download or read book written by and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book 3D Imaging in Medicine written by Karl H. Höhne and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The visualization of human anatomy for diagnostic, therapeutic, and educational pur poses has long been a challenge for scientists and artists. In vivo medical imaging could not be introduced until the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad ROntgen in 1895. With the early medical imaging techniques which are still in use today, the three-dimensional reality of the human body can only be visualized in two-dimensional projections or cross-sections. Recently, biomedical engineering and computer science have begun to offer the potential of producing natural three-dimensional views of the human anatomy of living subjects. For a broad application of such technology, many scientific and engineering problems still have to be solved. In order to stimulate progress, the NATO Advanced Research Workshop in Travemiinde, West Germany, from June 25 to 29 was organized. It brought together approximately 50 experts in 3D-medical imaging from allover the world. Among the list of topics image acquisition was addressed first, since its quality decisively influences the quality of the 3D-images. For 3D-image generation - in distinction to 2D imaging - a decision has to be made as to which objects contained in the data set are to be visualized. Therefore special emphasis was laid on methods of object definition. For the final visualization of the segmented objects a large variety of visualization algorithms have been proposed in the past. The meeting assessed these techniques.

Download or read book Exact 3D Reconstruction Algorithms in Cone Beam Computed Tomography written by Luo Xiao and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Programs for Evaluation of 3D PET Reconstruction Algorithms written by S. S. Furuie and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book System Optimization and Iterative Image Reconstruction in Photoacoustic Computed Tomography for Breast Imaging written by Yang Lou (Biomedical engineer) and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoacoustic computed tomography(PACT), also known as optoacoustic tomography (OAT), is an emerging imaging technique that has developed rapidly in recent years. The combination of the high optical contrast and the high acoustic resolution of this hybrid imaging technique makes it a promising candidate for human breast imaging, where conventional imaging techniques including X-ray mammography, B-mode ultrasound, and MRI suffer from low contrast, low specificity for certain breast types, and additional risks related to ionizing radiation. Though significant works have been done to push the frontier of PACT breast imaging, it is still challenging to successfully build a PACT breast imaging system and apply it to wide clinical use because of various practical reasons. First, computer simulation studies are often conducted to guide imaging system designs, but the numerical phantoms employed in most previous works consist of simple geometries and do not reflect the true anatomical structures within the breast. Therefore the effectiveness of such simulation-guided PACT system in clinical experiments will be compromised. Second, it is challenging to design a system to simultaneously illuminate the entire breast with limited laser power. Some heuristic designs have been proposed where the illumination is non-stationary during the imaging procedure, but the impact of employing such a design has not been carefully studied. Third, current PACT imaging systems are often optimized with respect to physical measures such as resolution or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). It would be desirable to establish an assessing framework where the detectability of breast tumor can be directly quantified, therefore the images produced by such optimized imaging systems are not only visually appealing, but most informative in terms of the tumor detection task. Fourth, when imaging a large three-dimensional (3D) object such as the breast, iterative reconstruction algorithms are often utilized to alleviate the need to collect densely sampled measurement data hence a long scanning time. However, the heavy computation burden associated with iterative algorithms largely hinders its application in PACT breast imaging. This dissertation is dedicated to address these aforementioned problems in PACT breast imaging. A method that generates anatomically realistic numerical breast phantoms is first proposed to facilitate computer simulation studies in PACT. The non-stationary illumination designs for PACT breast imaging are then systematically investigated in terms of its impact on reconstructed images. We then apply signal detection theory to assess different system designs to demonstrate how an objective, task-based measure can be established for PACT breast imaging. To address theslow computation time of iterative algorithms for PACT imaging, we propose an acceleration method that employs an approximated but much faster adjoint operator during iterations, which can reduce the computation time by a factor of six without significantly compromising image quality. Finally, some clinical results are presented to demonstrate that the PACT breast imaging can resolve most major and fine vascular structures within the breast, along with some pathological biomarkers that may indicate tumor development.

Download or read book Breast MRI Segmentation and Density Analysis 3d Model Reconstruction and Quadrant Regional Segmentation written by Irene Rodriguez Alegre and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most helpful factors to consider when evaluating the development of breast cancer is the independent risk factor known as breast density. The breast density factor is the ratio between the volume of fibroglandular tissue to the total volume of the breasts. It is a measurement that always has to be considered by the radiologists for detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. In this thesis we present an analysis method to calculate this breast density factor, the analysis is based on image segmentation algorithms. The images being segmented come from breast magnetic resonance imaging, breast MRI, which provides better results than conventional x-ray mammograms. The first part of this thesis focuses on the breast MRI template-based segmentation method. The implemented method was first proposed by Muqing Lin et al. in our center back in 2010. The developed method is applied to segment the different slices with 1-3 mm thickness obtained for every breast. As also demonstrated in this first part of the thesis, the method provides successful results for segmentation and calculation of the percentage of breast density. The second part of this thesis is dedicated to describe a method used to reconstruct a 3D model of the breasts from the MRI slices obtained for each patient. The tool performs a breast alignment correction, followed by the 3D reconstruction and a video generation where we can observe the 3D model from different angles and with different rotation and speed. Finally, the third part of this thesis involves the study of the breasts by the regional segmentation of the quadrants. Several studies have demonstrated that the probability of breast cancer is not the same at every quadrant. Therefore it is an interesting option for the radiologists to be able to observe a 3D representation of the breast divided in quadrants.

Download or read book The Design Implementation and Evaluation of a Communication System Between an Off site Three Dimensional Reconstruction Computer and a CT Scanner written by Jeffrey V. Bronke and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: