Download or read book Implantable Antennas for Wireless Data Telemetry written by Tutku Karaçolak and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in electrical engineering have let the realization of small size electrical systems for in-body applications. Today's hybrid implantable systems combine radio frequency and biosensor technologies. The biosensors are intended for wireless medical monitoring of the physiological parameters such as glucose, pressure, temperature etc. Enabling wireless communication with these biosensors is vital to allow continuous monitoring of the patients over a distance via radio frequency (RF) technology. Because the implantable antennas provide communication between the implanted device and the external environment, their efficient design is vital for overall system reliability. However, antenna design for implantable RF systems is a quite challenging problem due to antenna miniaturization, biocompatibility with the body's physiology, high losses in the tissue, impedance matching, and low-power requirements. This dissertation presents design and measurement techniques of implantable antennas for medical wireless telemetry. A robust stochastic evolutionary optimization method, particle swarm optimization (PSO), is combined with an in-house finite-element boundary-integral (FE-BI) electromagnetic simulation code to design optimum implantable antennas using topology optimization. The antenna geometric parameters are optimized by PSO, and a fitness function is computed by FE-BI simulations to evaluate the performance of each candidate solution. For validating the robustness of the algorithm, in-vitro and in-vivo measurement techniques are also introduced. To illustrate this design methodology, two implantable antennas for wireless telemetry applications are considered. First, a small-size dual medical implant communications service (MICS) (402 MHz - 405 MHz) and industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) (2.4 GHz - 2.48 GHz) band implantable antenna for human body is designed, followed by a dual band implantable antenna operating also in MICS and ISM bands for animal studies. In order to test the designed antennas in-vitro, materials mimicking the electrical properties of human and rat skins are developed. The optimized antennas are fabricated and measured in the materials. Moreover, the second antenna is in-vivo tested to observe the effects of the live tissue on the antenna performance. Simulation and measurement results regarding antenna parameters of the designed antennas such as return loss and radiation pattern are given and discussed in detail. The development details of the tissue-mimicking materials are also presented.

Download or read book Implanted Antennas in Medical Wireless Communications written by Yahya Rahmat-Samii and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2006-12-01 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the main objectives of this lecture is to summarize the results of recent research activities of the authors on the subject of implanted antennas for medical wireless communication systems. It is anticipated that ever sophisticated medical devices will be implanted inside the human body for medical telemetry and telemedicine. To establish effective and efficient wireless links with these devices, it is pivotal to give special attention to the antenna designs that are required to be low profile, small, safe and cost effective. In this book, it is demonstrated how advanced electromagnetic numerical techniques can be utilized to design these antennas inside as realistic human body environment as possible. Also it is shown how simplified models can assist the initial designs of these antennas in an efficient manner.

Download or read book Finite Element boundary Integral Method and Its Application to Implantable Antenna Design for Wireless Data Telemetry written by Jose Samuel Pvillalta and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A non-stationary Krylov subspace based iterative solver for the three dimensional finite element-boundary integral (FE-BI) method for implantable antennas is presented. The present method numerically solves the frequency domain Maxwell's equations in the variational form to formulate the finite element solution using hexahedral discretization elements in conjunction with the appropriate boundary integral equations. Four different solvers are used to investigate the convergence behavior of the FE-BI technique on the design of the antennas. The scheme is then applied to two miniaturized planar inverted-F antennas (PIFA): a serpentine and a spiral. The antennas are designed for the Medical Implant Communication Service (MICS) band (402-405 MHz). Validations and comparisons are done using High Frequency Electromagnetic Simulation (HFSS) software. Return loss, gain, near fields, and far fields are presented for the serpentine and spiral antenna.

Download or read book Antenna and Sensor Technologies in Modern Medical Applications written by Yahya Rahmat-Samii and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to the theory and recent development in the medical use of antenna technology Antenna and Sensor Technologies in Modern Medical Applications offers a comprehensive review of the theoretical background, design, and the latest developments in the application of antenna technology. Written by two experts in the field, the book presents the most recent research in the burgeoning field of wireless medical telemetry and sensing that covers both wearable and implantable antenna and sensor technologies. The authors review the integrated devices that include various types of sensors wired within a wearable garment that can be paired with external devices. The text covers important developments in sensor-integrated clothing that are synonymous with athletic apparel with built-in electronics. Information on implantable devices is also covered. The book explores technologies that utilize both inductive coupling and far field propagation. These include minimally invasive microwave ablation antennas, wireless targeted drug delivery, and much more. This important book: Covers recent developments in wireless medical telemetry Reviews the theory and design of in vitro/in vivo testing Explores emerging technologies in 2D and 3D printing of antenna/sensor fabrication Includes a chapter with an annotated list of the most comprehensive and important references in the field Written for students of engineering and antenna and sensor engineers, Antenna and Sensor Technologies in Modern Medical Applications is an essential guide to understanding human body interaction with antennas and sensors.

Download or read book Wideband Implantable Antennas for Wireless Biomedical Applications written by Johnny We Ung and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book FINITE ELEMENT BOUNDARY INTEGRAL METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION TO IMPLANTABLE ANTENNA DESIGN FOR WIRELESS DATA TELEMETRY written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A non-stationary Krylov subspace based iterative solver for the three dimensional finite element-boundary integral (FE-BI) method for implantable antennas is presented. The present method numerically solves the frequency domain Maxwell?s equations in the variational form to formulate the finite element solution using hexahedral discretization elements in conjunction with the appropriate boundary integral equations. Four different solvers are used to investigate the convergence behavior of the FE-BI technique on the design of the antennas. The scheme is then applied to two miniaturized planar inverted-F antennas (PIFA): a serpentine and a spiral. The antennas are designed for the Medical Implant Communication Service (MICS) band (402-405 MHz). Validations and comparisons are done using High Frequency Electromagnetic Simulation (HFSS) software. Return loss, gain, near fields, and far fields are presented for the serpentine and spiral antenna.

Download or read book Antennas and Propagation written by Razvan D Tamas and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2021-11-04 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue gathers topics of utmost interest in the field of antennas and propagation, such as: new directions and challenges in antenna design and propagation; innovative antenna technologies for space applications; metamaterial, metasurface and other periodic structures; antennas for 5G; electromagnetic field measurements and remote sensing applications.

Download or read book Design and Optimization of Wearable Implantable and Edible Antennas written by Kavitha, K. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2024-08-16 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The demand for integration of smart devices into our daily lives has led to a pressing challenge – the effective design and optimization of antennas for wearable and implantable applications. As our reliance on interconnected devices grows, so does the need for antennas that transcend their conventional roles and adapt to the diverse, dynamic needs of users. Addressing these challenges is vital, considering the unique demands imposed by this technology, ranging from size constraints to energy efficiency, biocompatibility, and signal integrity. Design and Optimization of Wearable, Implantable, and Edible Antennas, is an innovative work that confronts these challenges head-on. In this exploration, the book sheds light on the evolving landscape where electromagnetic research intersects with the demands of human life. As antennas seamlessly weave into attire, revolutionize healthcare through implants, and even find their place in edibles, this book serves as a guide for academic scholars, researchers, engineers, and students navigating the intricate terrain of antenna engineering.

Download or read book Antennas and Wireless Power Transfer Methods for Biomedical Applications written by Yongxin Guo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-03-14 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antennas and Wireless Power Transfer Methods for Biomedical Applications Join the cutting edge of biomedical technology with this essential reference The role of wireless communications in biomedical technology is a significant one. Wireless and antenna-driven communication between telemetry components now forms the basis of cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators, cochlear implants, glucose readers, and more. As wireless technology continues to advance and miniaturization progresses, it’s more essential than ever that biomedical research and development incorporate the latest technology. Antennas and Wireless Power Transfer Methods for Biomedical Applications provides a comprehensive introduction to wireless technology and its incorporation into the biomedical field. Beginning with an introduction to recent developments in antenna and wireless technology, it analyzes the major wireless systems currently available and their biomedical applications, actual and potential. The result is an essential guide to technologies that have already improved patient outcomes and increased life expectancies worldwide. Readers will also find: Authored by internationally renowned researchers of wireless technologies Detailed analysis of CP implantable antennas, wearable antennas, near-field wireless power, and more Up to 100 figures that supplement the text Antennas and Wireless Power Transfer Methods for Biomedical Applications is a valuable introduction for biomedical researchers and biomedical engineers, as well as for research and development professionals in the medical device industry.

Download or read book Electromagnetics of Body Area Networks written by Douglas H. Werner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-20 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a comprehensive treatment of the field, covering fundamental theoretical principles and new technological advancements, state-of-the-art device design, and reviewing examples encompassing a wide range of related sub-areas. In particular, the first area focuses on the recent development of novel wearable and implantable antenna concepts and designs including metamaterial-based wearable antennas, microwave circuit integrated wearable filtering antennas, and textile and/or fabric material enabled wearable antennas. The second set of topics covers advanced wireless propagation and the associated statistical models for on-body, in-body, and off-body modes. Other sub-areas such as efficient numerical human body modeling techniques, artificial phantom synthesis and fabrication, as well as low-power RF integrated circuits and related sensor technology are also discussed. These topics have been carefully selected for their transformational impact on the next generation of body-area network systems and beyond.

Download or read book Handbook of Biomedical Telemetry written by Konstantina S. Nikita and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-07-28 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A must-have compendium on biomedical telemetry for all biomedical professional engineers, researchers, and graduate students in the field Handbook of Biomedical Telemetry describes the main components of a typical biomedical telemetry system, as well as its technical challenges. Written by a diverse group of experts in the field, it is filled with overviews, highly-detailed scientific analyses, and example applications of biomedical telemetry. The book also addresses technologies for biomedical sensing and design of biomedical telemetry devices with special emphasis on powering/integration issues and materials for biomedical telemetry applications. Handbook of Biomedical Telemetry: Describes the main components of a typical biomedical telemetry system, along with the technical challenges Discusses issues of spectrum regulations, standards, and interoperability—while major technical challenges related to advanced materials, miniaturization, and biocompatibility issues are also included Covers body area electromagnetics, inductive coupling, antennas for biomedical telemetry, intra-body communications, non-RF communication links for biomedical telemetry (optical biotelemetry), as well as safety issues, human phantoms, and exposure assessment to high-frequency biotelemetry fields Presents biosensor network topologies and standards; context-aware sensing and multi-sensor fusion; security and privacy issues in biomedical telemetry; and the connection between biomedical telemetry and telemedicine Introduces clinical applications of Body Sensor Networks (BSNs) in addition to selected examples of wearable, implantable, ingestible devices, stimulator and integrated mobile healthcare system paradigms for monitoring and therapeutic intervention Covering biomedical telemetry devices, biosensor network topologies and standards, clinical applications, wearable and implantable devices, and the effects on the mobile healthcare system, this compendium is a must-have for professional engineers, researchers, and graduate students.

Download or read book Microwave and Millimeter Wave Circuits and Systems written by Apostolos Georgiadis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-17 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microwave and Millimeter Wave Circuits and Systems: Emerging Design, Technologies and Applications provides a wide spectrum of current trends in the design of microwave and millimeter circuits and systems. In addition, the book identifies the state-of-the art challenges in microwave and millimeter wave circuits systems design such as behavioral modeling of circuit components, software radio and digitally enhanced front-ends, new and promising technologies such as substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) and wearable electronic systems, and emerging applications such as tracking of moving targets using ultra-wideband radar, and new generation satellite navigation systems. Each chapter treats a selected problem and challenge within the field of Microwave and Millimeter wave circuits, and contains case studies and examples where appropriate. Key Features: Discusses modeling and design strategies for new appealing applications in the domain of microwave and millimeter wave circuits and systems Written by experts active in the Microwave and Millimeter Wave frequency range (industry and academia) Addresses modeling/design/applications both from the circuit as from the system perspective Covers the latest innovations in the respective fields Each chapter treats a selected problem and challenge within the field of Microwave and Millimeter wave circuits, and contains case studies and examples where appropriate This book serves as an excellent reference for engineers, researchers, research project managers and engineers working in R&D, professors, and post-graduates studying related courses. It will also be of interest to professionals working in product development and PhD students.

Download or read book High performance Wireless Interface for Implant to air Communications written by Hadi Bahrami and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are working on a fully wireless brain-machine-interface to provide a communication link between the brain and external devices, enabling recording and stimulating the brain for permanent usage. In this thesis we explore channel modeling, implanted and wearable antennas as suitable propagators for this application, system level design of an implantable UWB transceiver, and circuit level design and implementing it by TSMC 0.18 um CMOS process. Also, in a collaboration project with McGill University, we designed a flexible sixteen antenna array for microwave breast cancer detection. Our first contribution calculates channel characteristics of implant-to-air UWB wireless link, average specific absorption rate (ASAR), and FCC guidelines on transmitted UWB power spectral density. Knowledge of channel behavior is required to determine the maximum allowable power to 1) respect ANSI guidelines for avoiding tissue damage and 2) respect FCC guidelines on unlicensed transmissions. We utilize a realistic model of the biological channel to inform the design of antennas for the implanted transmitter and the external receiver. Antennas placement is examined under two scenarios having contrasting power constraints. Performance of the system within the biological tissues is examined via simulations and experiments. Our second contribution deals with designing single and dual-polarization antennas for wireless ultra-wideband neural recording systems using an inhomogeneous multi-layer model of the human head. Antennas made from flexible materials are more easily adapted to implantation; we investigate both flexible and rigid materials and examine performance trade-offs. The proposed antennas are designed to operate in a frequency range of 2-11 GHz (having S11 below -10 dB) covering both the 2.45 GHz (ISM) band and the 3.1-10.6 GHz UWB band. Measurements confirm simulation results showing flexible antennas have little performance degradation due to bending effects (in terms of impedance matching). Finally, a comparison is made of four implantable antennas covering the 2-11 GHz range: 1) rigid, single polarization, 2) rigid, dual polarization, 3) flexible, single polarization and 4) flexible, dual polarization. In all cases a rigid antenna is used outside the body, with an appropriate polarization. Several advantages were confirmed for dual polarization antennas: 1) smaller size, 2) lower sensitivity to angular misalignments, and 3) higher fidelity. Our third contribution provides system level design of wireless communication architecture for implanted systems that simultaneously stimulate neurons and record neural responses. This architecture supports large numbers of electrodes (>500), providing 100 Mb/s for the downlink of stimulation signals, and Gb/s for the uplink neural recordings. We propose a transceiver architecture that shares one ultra-wideband antenna, a streamlined transceiver working at full-duplex on both bands, and a novel pulse shaper for the Gb/s uplink supporting several modulation formats. We present an ex-vivo experimental demonstration of the architecture using discrete components achieving Gb/s uplink rates. Good bit error rate performance over a biological channel at 0.5, 1, and 2 Gbps data rates for uplink telemetry (UWB) and 100 Mbps for downlink telemetry (2.45 GHz band) is achieved. Our fourth contribution presents circuit level design of the novel full-duplex transceiver (FDT) which is presented in our third contribution. This full-duplex transceiver supports high-density and multimodal neural interfacing applications (high-channel count stimulating and recording) with asymmetric data rates. The transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) share a single antenna to reduce implant size. The TX uses impulse radio ultra-wide band (IR-UWB) based on an edge combining approach, and the RX uses a novel 2.4-GHz on-off keying (OOK) receiver. Proper isolation (>20 dB) between the TX and RX path is implemented 1) by shaping the transmitted pulses to fall within the unregulated UWB spectrum (3.1-7 GHz), and 2) by spaceefficient filtering (avoiding a circulator or diplexer) of the downlink OOK spectrum in the RX low-noise amplifier. The UWB 3.1-7 GHz transmitter can use either OOK or binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation schemes. The proposed FDT provides dual band 500-Mbps TX uplink data rate and 100 Mbps RX downlink data rate, and it is fully integrated into standard TSMC 0.18 um CMOS within a total size of 0.8 mm2. The total measured power consumption is 10.4 mW in full duplex mode (5 mW at 100 Mbps for RX, and 5.4 mW at 500 Mbps or 10.8 pJ/bit for TX). Our fifth contribution is a collaboration project with McGill University which we design single and dual-polarization antennas for wireless ultra-wideband breast cancer detection systems using an inhomogeneous multi-layer model of the human breast. Antennas made from flexible materials are more easily adapted to wearable applications. Miniaturized flexible monopole and spiral antennas on a 50 um Kapton polyimide are designed, using a high frequency structure simulator (HFSS), to be in contact with biological breast tissues. The proposed antennas are designed to operate in a frequency range of 2-4 GHz (with reflection coefficient (S11) below -10 dB). Measurements show that the flexible antennas have good impedance matching while in different positions with different curvature around the breast. Furthermore, two flexible conformal 4×4 ultra-wideband antenna arrays (single and dual polarization), in a format similar to that of a bra, were developed for a radar-based breast cancer detection system.

Download or read book Wearable Antennas and Body Centric Communication written by Shiban Kishen Koul and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-18 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents state-of-the-art technologies, trends and applications with a focus on the healthcare domain for ultra-wideband (3.1–10.6 GHz) and 60 GHz (57–66 GHz) wireless communication systems. Due to various key features such as miniaturized antenna design, low power, high data rate, less effects on the human body, relatively less crowded spectrum, these technologies are becoming popular in various fields of biomedical applications and day-to-day life. The book highlights various aspects of these technologies related to body-centric communication, including antenna design requirements, channel modeling and characterization for WBANs, current fabrication and antenna design strategies for textile, flexible and implanted antennas. Apart from the general requirements and study related to these frequency bands, various application specific topics such as localization and tracking, physical activity recognition and assessment, vital sign monitoring and medical imaging are covered in detail. The book concludes with the glimpses of future aspects of the UWB and 60 GHz technology which includes IoT for healthcare and smart living, novel antenna materials and application of machine learning algorithms for overall performance enhancement.

Download or read book Implantable Sensors and Systems written by Guang-Zhong Yang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-27 with total page 649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Implantable sensing, whether used for transient or long-term monitoring of in vivo physiological, bio-electrical, bio-chemical and metabolic changes, is a rapidly advancing field of research and development. Underpinned by increasingly small, smart and energy efficient designs, they become an integral part of surgical prostheses or implants for both acute and chronic conditions, supporting optimised, context aware sensing, feedback, or stimulation with due consideration of system level impact. From sensor design, fabrication, on-node processing with application specific integrated circuits, to power optimisation, wireless data paths and security, this book provides a detailed explanation of both the theories and practical considerations of developing novel implantable sensors. Other topics covered by the book include sensor embodiment and flexible electronics, implantable optical sensors and power harvesting. Implantable Sensors and Systems – from Theory to Practice is an important reference for those working in the field of medical devices. The structure of the book is carefully prepared so that it can also be used as an introductory reference for those about to enter into this exciting research and developing field.

Download or read book Multifunctional Antennas and Arrays for Wireless Communication Systems written by Satish K. Sharma and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-05-04 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MULTIFUNCTIONAL ANTENNAS AND ARRAYS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Offers an up-to-date discussion of multifunctional antennas and arrays for wireless communication systems Multifunctional Antennas and Arrays for Wireless Communication Systems is a comprehensive reference on state-of-the-art reconfigurable antennas and 4G/5G communication antennas. The book gives a unique perspective while giving a comprehensive overview of the following topics: Frequency reconfigurable antennas Pattern reconfigurable antennas Polarization reconfigurable antennas Reconfigurable antennas using Liquid Metal, Piezoelectric, and RF MEMS MIMO and 4G/5G wireless communication antennas Metamaterials and metasurfaces in reconfigurable antennas Multifunctional antennas for user equipments (UEs) Defense related antennas and applications Flat panel phased array antennas The book is a valuable resource for the practicing engineer as well as for those within the research field. As wireless communications continuously evolves, more and more functionally will be required, and thus multifunctional antennas and RF systems will be necessary. These multifunctional antennas will require a degree of reconfigurability, and this book discusses various methods which enable this. The main topics of frequency, pattern, and polarization reconfigurability is first discussed. Methods utilizing unique materials and devices, both real and artificial are discussed. The book also delves into 4G/5G antennas as it relates to MIMO, and millimeter-wave phased arrays. Finally, there is a section on defense related multifunctional RF antenna systems.

Download or read book Advances in Electronics Communication and Computing written by Akhtar Kalam and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of research work in the interdisciplinary areas of electronics, communication, and computing. This book is specifically targeted at students, research scholars and academicians. The book covers the different approaches and techniques for specific applications, such as particle-swarm optimization, Otsu’s function and harmony search optimization algorithm, triple gate silicon on insulator (SOI)MOSFET, micro-Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, high-k dielectric gate oxide, spectrum sensing in cognitive radio, microstrip antenna, Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) with conducting surfaces, and digital image forgery detection. The contents of the book will be useful to academic and professional researchers alike.