Download or read book Impacts of Temperature on Life History Traits of Invasive Eastern Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis written by Kaeli Alexis Davenport and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Influence of Temperature Variability on Metrics of Life History in Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis written by Olivia Pisano and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased mean annual temperatures and temperature variability associated with climate change is expected to have detrimental effects on the distribution, growth, survival, and phenology of many commercially and recreationally important cold-water fish. Using a common-garden experiment, we investigated the phenotypically plastic responses of two populations of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) to bidirectional temperature variability. Specifically, we examined the effects of four temperature variability treatments (temperature constancy, periodic variability, low stochasticity, and high stochasticity) on mortality and average total fish length over a 41-day period. Fish populations were then monitored for a subsequent 47 days at a normal, consistent temperature. Trout exposed to the high stochasticity treatment (Treatment 4) consistently experienced the lowest survival and had significantly more deaths than fish in all other treatments in two of the three time- period cycles analysed. Seventeen days following the experiment, the fish exposed to the high stochasticity treatment (Treatment 4) continued to experience significantly more deaths than all the other treatments. While there were no significant differences between treatments observed at the end of the monitoring period, a reversal of the general trends was observed, in which survival was found to decrease with decreasing temperature variability. Trout from the WN population experienced significantly more deaths than the OB population throughout the monitoring period. Average total fish length was significantly higher in the temperature constancy (Treatment 1) and low stochasticity (Treatment 3) treatments than in the periodic variability (Treatment 2) and high stochasticity (Treatment 4) treatments. Trout from the WN population were significantly smaller when compared to the OB population. There was no statistical relationship observed between survival and constancy at any time during the study, while a significant, positive relationship between average total length and constancy was found for the OB population. While a portion of our results could be attributed to issues during the experimental period, our findings generally suggest that high temperature variability has a significant, negative effect on metrics of fitness in brook trout. Additionally, brook trout originating from smaller populations potentially exhibit adaptive plasticity with regards to survival and growth when faced with environmental stressors, such as temperature variability.

Download or read book Temperature Effects on Growth and Stress Physiology of Brook Trout written by Joseph G. Chadwick and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the threat of climate change, the physiological mechanisms by which temperature drives the distribution of species are unclear. Here we used chronic temperature exposures to determine that the upper limit for positive growth in the eastern brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) is 23.4 °C. Additionally, brook trout exposed to daily temperature oscillations of 8 °C, around a mean of 21 °C, exhibited growth rates that were 43 and 35% lower by length and weight respectively, than in constant 21 °C controls. Limitations in growth were associated with increases in indicators of the physiological stress response. Individuals exposed to 22 or 24 °C for 24 days exhibited plasma cortisol levels that were 12 and 18 fold greater than at 16 °C. Similarly, gill heat shock protein (Hsp)-70 levels were 10.7 and 56 fold higher at 22 and 24 °C than at 16 °C. Brook trout exposed to daily temperature oscillation of 4 or 8 °C had gill Hsp-70 levels that were 40 and 700 fold greater than controls. Acute (6 h) temperature exposures were used to demonstrate a threshold for induction of the Hsp-70 and plasma glucose responses of 20.7 °C and 21.2 °C respectively. Finally, we conducted field surveys that demonstrated increased plasma cortisol, plasma glucose, and gill Hsp-70 at temperatures above 21 °C. Induction of the cellular and endocrine stress responses is associated with decreased growth in brook trout. Thermal limitations on growth may provide a mechanism by which temperature drives the distributions of this cold-water species.

Download or read book Trout and Salmon of North America written by Robert Behnke and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2010-07-06 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This beautiful and definitive guide brings together the world's lead leading expert on North American trout and salmon, Robert Behnke, and the foremost illustrator in the field, Joseph Tomelleri. North America is graced with the greatest diversity of trout and salmon on earth. From tiny brook trout in mountain streams of the Northeast, to cutthroat trout in the rivers of the Rockies, to Chinook salmon of the Pacific, the continent is home to more than 70 types of trout and salmon. How this came to be, how they are related, and what makes them unique -- and so breathtaking -- is the story of Trout and Salmon of North America. The more than 100 illustrations of trout and salmon by Joseph Tomelleri showcased here exhibit a genius for detail, coloration, and proportion. Each portrait is made from field notes, streamside observations, photographs, and specimens collected by the artist. The result is a set of the most accurate and stunning illustrations of fish ever created. Robert Behnke has distilled 50 years of his research and writing about trout and salmon in completing this book. No one understands better than Behnke the diversity and conservation issues concerning these fishes or communicates so lucidly the biological wonders and complexities of their particular beauty. Also included are more than 40 richly detailed maps that clearly show the ranges of populations of trout and salmon throughout North America. An irresistible delight for anyone who appreciates natural history, Trout and Salmon of North America is a master guide to the natural elegance of our native fishes.

Download or read book Thermal Stratification of Dilute Lakes written by Carl L. Schofield and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thermal Stratification of Dilute Lakes written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Exploring the Role of Temperature and Possible Alternative Stable States in Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis Population Structure written by Brooke Lynn Hawkins and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most organisms undergo ontogenetic changes, leading to complex life histories. An organism’s prey and habitat preferences change as they age, as may their responses to the same environmental stressors. Therefore, a changing environment may confer a competitive advantage to a particular life stage, leading to population structures dominated by one stage or another. I used survey data of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in lakes across the Sierra Nevada to investigate if there was evidence for (1) alternative stable states between populations dominated by small or large fish, and (2) trends in population structure across elevation to suggest that temperature plays a key role in determining size structure. I characterized the average fish size, number of size classes, and the evenness of the size class distribution for 42 populations. I found these features by fitting a Bayesian normal mixture model using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations. I tested for alternative stable states by looking for bimodality in each feature, and I analyzed each feature’s relationship with elevation using Spearman’s rank correlation. I found that that populations are most often dominated by small individuals, rarely by large individuals, and most often contain either one or two distinct size classes. If large individual body sizes occur as an alternative population state, my results show that such populations occurred rarely, or were not well sampled by these surveys. High elevation was associated with reduced average size and greater numbers of size classes, suggesting that temperature does affect size distributions.

Download or read book Thermal Ecology of Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis and Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar in Impounded Streams microform Behavioural Responses and Population Impacts written by MacMillan, John L. (John Leland) and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 1999 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Potential Climate and Land Use Change Effects on Brook Trout in the Eastern United States written by Jefferson Deweber and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brook Trout is a socially, economically and ecologically important species throughout its native range in the eastern U.S. that is expected to be negatively affected by climate and land use change. In this dissertation, I use publicly available data to identify the potential effects of projected climate and land use change on river water temperature and Brook Trout populations in individual stream reaches throughout the eastern U.S. In Chapter 1, I quantitatively assessed the representativeness of stream flow and water temperature data from U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) gages throughout subregions of the conterminous United States, including the eastern U.S. In Chapter 2, I developed a model to predict river water temperatures under current conditions and future scenarios of climate and land use change. The final model included air temperature, landform attributes and forested land cover, and predicted mean daily water temperatures with good accuracy (root mean squared error ~ 1.9 °C) for training and validation datasets. In Chapter 3, I predicted Brook Trout occurrence probability based on water temperature predictions and selected landscape characteristics using a hierarchical logistic regression model that performed well at both training and validation datasets (area under the receiver operating curve ~ 0.78). In Chapter 4, I identified potential changes in thermal habitat and Brook Trout occurrence probability resulting from projected climate and land use change. The timing, magnitude and location of predicted changes in maximum 30 day mean river water temperature varied greatly among three downscaled climate models, with average increases ranging from 1.21 to 2.55 °C by 2087. As a result of warming, between 56,440 (42.7%) and 109,237 (82.6%) of potential Brook Trout habitat was predicted to be lost. Land use change was predicted to result in localized increases in river water temperature and losses of 4.5% of potential Brook Trout habitat. Given the magnitude of predicted losses, conservation actions will likely be more successful in the long term if the potential changes resulting from climate and land use change are incorporated into the planning process.

Download or read book Brown Trout written by Javier Lobón-Cerviá and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-12-18 with total page 821 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brown Trout: Biology, Ecology and Management A comprehensive guide to the most current research, history, genetics and ecology of the brown trout including challenging environmental problems The brown trout is an iconic species across its natural European distribution and has been introduced throughout the World. Brown Trout offers a comprehensive review of the scientific information and current research on this major fish species. While the brown trout is the most sought species by anglers, its introduction to various waters around the world is causing serious environmental problems. At the same time, introduction of exogenous brown trout lineages threats conservation of native gene pools of populations in many regions. The authors summarize the important aspects of the brown trout’s life history and ecology and focus on the impact caused by the species. The text explores potential management strategies in order to maintain numerous damaged populations within its natural distributional range and to ameliorate its impacts in exotic environments. The authors include information on a wide-range of topics such as recent updates in population genetics, evolutionary history, reproductive traits and early ontogeny, life history plasticity in anadromous brown trout and life history of the adfluvial brown trout and much more. This vital resource: Contains the latest research on the biology and ecology of brown trout Includes information on phylogeography, genetics, population dynamics and stock management Spotlights the brown trout’s introduction to regions around the world and the serious environmental impacts Offers a comprehensive review of conservation and management techniques Written for salmonid scientists and researchers, fishery and environmental managers, and students of population genetics, ecology and population dynamics, Brown Trout explores the most recent findings on the history, ecology and sustainability of this much-researched species.

Download or read book The Impact of Climate Change on Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis Thermal Habitat in Their Native Range in the United States written by Kelsey Maggan Schlee and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Influence of Temperature and Discharge on Movement Patterns of Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis in the Ford River Dickinson County Michigan written by Steven M. Marod and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Influence of Light and Temperature on the Reproductive Cycle of the Eastern Brook Trout written by Nancy E. Henderson and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Temperature Effects on the Routine Metabolic Rates of Brook Trout Salvenius Fontinalis Eggs Alevin and Fry written by Catharine Jean Cook and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early developmental stages of cold-adapted ectotherms such as brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) are atrisk of mortality with increasing water temperatures because of their sensitivityto changes in their environment.I studiedthe mass and routine metabolic rate(RMR) of wild-origin brook trout eggs, alevin and young fry reared at normal (5°C) and elevated (9°C) temperaturesfor the duration of the study or at mismatched temperatures.This setup determinedif preconditioning acclimation for one temperature benefits or hinders the organism later in life.Three levelsof biological organization (ancestry, population, family) were studied using Akaike?sInformation Criterion (AIC) to identify models that best accountedforvariation in thedata.Family, massand temperature were most important inpredictingbody mass and mass-adjustedRMR, although population and ancestral-level differences were also detected atsome life stages.Strongvariation in body mass and mass-adjusted RMRamong families may indicate adaptive potential within brook trout populations to respond to increases in water temperaturewithclimate change.Keywords: Temperature, physiology, brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, thermal tolerance, acclimation, routine metabolic rate, environmental matching, AIC.

Download or read book Thermal Stratification of Dilute Lakes Evaluation of Regulatory Processes and Biological Effects Before and After Base Addition Effects on Brook Trout Habitat and Growth written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We address the significance of changes in summer thermal stratification patterns of Adirondack lakes affected by acidification to cold-water fish populations inhabiting these sensitive lakes. The brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) is the primary cold-water fish species indigenous to acid-sensitive lakes in the Adirondack region of northern New York State; the ability of these lakes to sustain this important sport species is highly dependent on the availability of adequate summer habitat, consisting of cool, well-oxygenated water. We hypothesized that acidification-induced reductions in the thermal stability of sensitive Adirondack lakes could lead to degradation of potential brook trout habitat. We also hypothesized, on the basis of energetic considerations, that brook trout growth and average size at age would be sensitive indicators of differences in the extent and availability of preferred summer habitat in lakes with different thermal structures. These hypotheses were addressed in this study by utilizing data available from previous lake liming studies in the Adirondack region, brook trout growth data from management studies in the region, and the extensive Adirondack Lake Survey Corporation (ALSC) data base. We compared brook trout growth among lakes with known thermal stratification patterns; analyzed temporal changes in the extent and availability of preferred brook trout habitat, resulting from changes in acid or base status of limed Adirondack lakes; and applied a bioenergetic growth model for sensitivity analysis of temperature effects on simulated growth of brook trout populations inhabiting lakes with different thermal structures.

Download or read book Effects of Climate and Terrestrially Derived Organic Carbon on Brook Trout Growth in the Eastern Sierra written by Cindy Hang Tran and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic climate change is expected to continue increasing temperatures globally as well as alter the nutrient composition of many ecosystems. Higher air temperatures have been causing lakes to warm, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations are rising in many freshwater systems due to increased input of terrestrial organic matter, a phenomenon known as "browning." The combined effects of warming and browning on fish populations is unclear. I investigated the effects of warming and browning on brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), an ecologically and economically important species in California's Eastern Sierra. A previous study found antagonistic effects of temperature and DOC on fish growth rates, with higher temperatures increasing fish growth rates and higher DOC decreasing fish growth rates. This study aimed to investigate whether these relationships could be replicated and still applied years later as global temperatures have continued to increase. I found that fish growth rates and body condition were higher in lower elevations. Fish body condition also increased with chlorophyll-a concentration and decreased with DOC concentration and the [delta]13C signature of fish muscle. These patterns suggest that autochthonous production along with increased terrestrial insect consumption may promote increased body condition. Fish grew faster and had better body condition at warmer temperatures, likely contributing to the higher fish growth seen in lower elevations. My results suggest that two major symptoms of climate change, higher temperatures and greater allochthonous carbon concentrations, will have opposing effects on trout growth and productivity in mountain lakes.

Download or read book Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States written by Therese M. Poland and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-01 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners.