Download or read book Impacts of Insect Herbivores on Goldenrod written by Gretchen Ann Meyer and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Impacts of Herbivory in a Goldenrod insect Community written by Elizabeth Ann Lehnertz and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Intraspecific Plant Polyploidy Effects on Goldenrod Insect Herbivores written by Kristy Lynn Halverson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyploidy is a dynamic process underlying a significant component of angiosperm diversity. This thesis research explores ploidy level as a source of genetic variability within a plant species, Solidago altissima L. (Asteraceae) and how this variation influences its herbivore community. More specifically, this thesis quantifies the spatial scale at which ploidy variation exists within and among population geographic distributions of diploid (2N), tetraploid (4N), and hexaploid (6N) races of S. altissima and assesses whether host use by seven taxonomically diverse herbivorous insect species is non-random with respect to ploidy level across this distribution. Sampling of S. altissima populations along a 400 mi longitudinal transect across Iowa and neighboring states revealed that substantial ploidy variation exists across the region as well as within local S. altissima populations. An initial phylogeographic study of ploidy races in four populations across the transect using AFLP markers indicates that ploidy races have a complicated geographical and genetic structure, suggesting that they have multiple origins. Genetic variation among plants can influence host choice and rates of development in insect herbivores. Ploidy-specific host use was found to be significantly non-random for six of the seven insects in at least one of the sites surveyed. Strong trends were evident in all species at z nearly all sites, but in many cases sample sizes were insufficient to establish statistical significance. Geographic variation in ploidy levels suggests that reciprocal co-adaptation of plants and their herbivores are likely to be highly dynamic.

Download or read book Insects and Ecosystem Function written by W.W. Weisser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-05 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insects are a dominant component of biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems and play a key role in mediating the relationship between plants and ecosystem processes. This volume examines their effects on ecosystem functioning, focusing mainly, but not exclusively, on herbivorous insects. Renowned authors with extensive experience in the field of plant-insect interactions, contribute to the volume using examples from their own work.

Download or read book Reading the Forested Landscape written by Tom Wessels and published by Nature. This book was released on 1999 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronicles the forest in New England from the Ice Age to current challenges

Download or read book Plant Invasion Insect Herbivory and Competition Insights Into the Ecological Interactions Between Invasive Goldenrod Solidago Canadensis and Native Tansy Tanacetum Vulgare written by Nafiseh Mahdavi-Arab and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Standards written by Christian Streffer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-08-04 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid growth of the world population - nearly six-fold over the last hundred years - combined with the rising number of technical installations especially in the industrialized countries has lead to ever tighter and more strained living spaces on our planet. Because ofthe inevitable processes oflife, man was at first an exploiter rather than a careful preserver of the environment. Environmental awareness with the intention to conserve the environment has grown only in the last few decades. Environmental standards have been defined and limit values have been set largely guided, however, by scientific and medical data on single exposures, while public opinion, on the other hand, now increasingly calls for astronger consideration of the more complex situations following combined exposures. Furthermore, it turned out that environmental standards, while necessarily based on scientific data, must also take into account ethical, legal, economic, and sociological aspects. A task of such complexity can only be dealt with appropriately in the framework of an inter disciplinary group.

Download or read book Biotic Stress and Yield Loss written by Robert K.D. Peterson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-12-28 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding biotic stress and plant yield allows for the practical development of economic decision making, an instrumental part of Integrated Pest Management. And further, the impact of biotic injury on plant yield bears directly on the basic biological questions of population dynamics, life history strategies, community structure, plant-stresso

Download or read book Consequences of Long term Herbivory for a Perennial Plant written by María Uriarte and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Goldenrod Solidago Insects written by David Michael Golden and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Impact of Attack by Gallmakers on Their Ancestral and Novel Plant Hosts in a Goldenrod insect System written by Zoryana Shibel and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Through coevolution reduced virulence and increased tolerance may evolve. Novel plant hosts may experience greater impact from herbivores compared to ancestral hosts. I tested this using Solidago altissima and Solidago gigantea as host plants and Eurosta solidaginis and Rhopalomyia solidaginis as gallmakers. In 4 out of 8 data sets, both gallmakers significantly reduced the aboveground biomass (by about 30%) in the novel host. (Overall, 7 out of 8 data sets showed a trend in the expected direction.). Coupled with previous data sets from Heard and Kitts 2012 on Gnorimoschema gallaesolidaginis, 6 out of 10 data show significant support for this coevolutionary hypothesis (9 out of 10 in the expected direction; sign test P = 0.011). In addition to herbivory, plants may also experience abiotic stressors. By inducing water stress and clipping on S. altissima and S. gigantea I found that S. altissima experiences synergistically greater damage when two stressors are present."--Page i.

Download or read book Plant Ecology written by Michael J. Crawley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-06-22 with total page 741 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant ecology is the scientific study of the factors influencing the distribution and abundance of plants. This benchmark text, extremely well received in its first edition, shows how pattern and structure at different levels of plant organization--from ecophysiology through population dynamics to community structure and ecosystem function--are influenced by abiotic factors (eg, climate and soils) and by biotic factors (eg, competition and herbivory). Adopting a dynamic approach, this book combines descriptive text with theoretical models and experimental data. It will be invaluable reading for both student and practising ecologist alike. In this second edition, the structure of the book has been completely revised, moving from the small scale to the large scale, in keeping with contemporary teaching methods. This fresh approach allows consideration of several new and important topics such as plant secondary chemistry, herbivory, sex, and breeding systems. Additional chapters address topical applied issues in plant ecology including global warming, pollution and biodiversity. The latest edition of a very widely adopted textbook Written by a team of leading experts and edited by an international authority in the field

Download or read book Ecological Communities written by Takayuki Ohgushi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-01-04 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food webs examine the interactions between organisms to explain ecosystem community structure. This book argues how food webs alone cannot depict a true picture of a community. It shows that examining other indirect interactions between organisms can help us to better understand the structure and organisation of communities and ecosystems.

Download or read book Volatiles Plant plant Interactions and Insect Herbivory written by Kimberly Ann Morrell and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants interact with numerous organisms in their communities, including neighboring plants. In large part, these interactions are mediated by blends of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that plants emit into their headspaces, which may inform other organisms by reflecting plants' physiologies and the biotic and abiotic stresses they are experiencing. However, while the ubiquity of VOC-mediated plant-plant interactions is well established, their mechanisms, ecological outcomes and evolutionary trajectories remain largely uncharacterized. Collectively, these experiments seek to close some of these knowledge gaps, using tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima) and its diverse herbivore community as a model system. Chapter 1 reviews the literature on plants' responses to herbivores and VOCs from neighboring plants - highlighting numerous parallels between the molecular mechanisms and ecological outcomes underlying induced responses to herbivores and VOC-mediated plant-plant interactions. We emphasize the need to conduct mechanistic and ecological studies that directly compare plants' responses to VOCs vis-à-vis herbivory. Chapter 2 examines the effects of VOC-mediated plant-plant interactions on herbivore performance and behavior. It reveals that these interactions may result in VOC-exposed and herbivore-damaged plants becoming of equally bad food quality for subsequent herbivores - reducing feeding and increasing between-host movement - in spite of the fact that induced leaf chemistry of damaged and exposed plants is not identical. Chapter 3 explores whether VOC-mediated plant-plant interactions have specific effects on different herbivores. We demonstrate that herbivore-induced VOCs elicit specific chemical changes in exposed plants, and that these chemical changes have specific effects - making VOC-exposed plants more or less resistant to subsequent herbivores. Chapter 4 explores whether VOC emission and perception vary across plant genotypes. We find that genotypes vary in their abilities to emit and perceive VOCs, and that receivers may induce resistance or susceptibility to subsequent herbivores, or not respond, depending on the genotypes of VOC-emitting plants. Collectively, these experiments reveal that the identity of a plant's neighbors affects available information and its resistance state in its community. The observed specificity and genotypic variation in VOC-mediated plant-plant interactions suggests that it is worth exploring the costs and benefits of these interactions in the context of the genetic structure of plant populations, and the diversity/composition of the herbivore community.

Download or read book Species Diversity and Community Structure written by Teiji Sota and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-30 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces recent progress in the study of species diversity and community structures in terrestrial organisms conducted by three groups at Kyoto University. First, it explains species diversity and the functioning of fungi in Asian regions as outlined by metagenomic approaches using next-generation sequencing technology. The advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies accelerate the speed of species inventorying, especially for microorganisms. Second, the study of complex interactions between herbivorous insects and plants in the community and ecosystem contexts is presented. Recent studies in community and ecosystem genetics shed light on these complex interactions with novel approaches incorporating genetic perspectives including genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity in plant defenses against herbivores. Finally, recent studies on speciation processes in insects are described, processes that are related to the evolution of particular life history strategies. Included is an examination of two hypotheses that may be important in understanding diversification of insect species in heterogeneous environments in space and time. This book is a valuable resource especially for ecologists who are interested in species diversity and community structure.

Download or read book Insect Evolutionary Ecology written by Royal Entomological Society of London. Symposium and published by CABI. This book was released on 2005 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insects provide excellent model systems for understanding evolutionary ecology. They are abundant, small, and relatively easy to rear, and these traits facilitate both field and laboratory experiments. This book has been developed from the Royal Entomological Society's 22nd international symposium, held in Reading in 2003. Topics include speciation and adaptation; life history, phenotype plasticity and genetics; sexual selection and reproductive biology; insect-plant interactions; insect-natural enemy interactions; and social insects.

Download or read book Effects of Resource Distribution on Animal Plant Interactions written by Mark D. Hunter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aimed primarily at advanced graduate students and professional biologists, this book explores the degree to which animal*b1plant interactions are determined by plant and animal variability. Many of the patterns seen in natural communities appear to result from cascading effects up as well as down the trophic system. Variability among primary producers can influence animal and plant population quality and dynamics, community structure, and the evolution of animal*b1plant interations.