Download or read book Impacts of Climate Variability and Change on Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones written by Jerry Yu Jien and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Damages inflicted by tropical cyclones (TCs) worldwide have increased in recent decades with climate change and variability playing key roles in altering TC characteristics. In this thesis, the impact of natural variability is explored, using ENSO conditions, and climate change on the nature of eastern North Pacific (ENP) TCs. The first research objective of the thesis focused on a spatial-temporal separation of ENP storms based on El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase (temporal variability, El Niño, La Niña, neutral) and regional storm stratification (spatial variability, east and west). The western development region (WDR) storms were found to be more sensitive to influences of ENSO. In particular, during El Niño years, there were more WDR storms. The second research objective explored the ENSO impact on the trajectory of ENP storm tracks by examining the locations for genesis and downgradation points and storm track movements. The storm tracks were strongly influenced by ENSO phases, with significant differences detected for many ENSO pairings. However, when storm data are regionally separated the latitudinal movement of WDR storms tend to be more extensive during El Niño conditions and as a result there are more landfalling TCs. The third research objective of the dissertation explored the importance of near-time sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on storm intensities. SST thresholds were found that were critical for the sustenance of stronger ENP storms that achieve hurricane and major hurricane status. Significantly, the minimum SST threshold varied between the MDR subdivisions. For major hurricanes, the SST requirements for EDR and WDR are substantially lower than that found in the North Atlantic basin at 28.25°C. Although SSTs appear to contribute little in determining the ultimate maximum storm intensity for ENP storms in general, when ENP storms are regionally divided, SSTs are found to be highly associated with the WDR major hurricanes. Evidently the recent warming shown in the distribution of storm-bounded SSTs has led to the rise of maximum potential intensity for ENP storms. Overall, the common theme that emerged from these three studies is that ENP storm characteristics associated with WDR are inherently more sensitive to climate variability and change.
Download or read book Climate Variability and Tropical Cyclone Activity written by Pao-Shin Chu and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-10 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive summary of tropical cyclone variability at time scales from intraseasonal and interannual to interdecadal and centennial. Major climate oscillations (Madden-Julian, El Niño, Atlantic Meridional Mode and Pacific Decadal) are covered, and their impacts on tropical cyclone activity in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans are discussed.
Download or read book Climate Extremes and Society written by Henry F. Diaz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-30 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extreme climatic events present society with significant challenges in a rapidly warming world. Ordinary citizens, the insurance industry and governments are concerned about the apparent increase in the frequency of weather and climate events causing extreme, and in some instances, catastrophic, impacts. Climate Extremes and Society focuses on the recent and potential future consequences of weather and climate extremes for different socioeconomic sectors. The book also examines actions that may enable society to better respond to climate variability. It provides examples of the impact of climate and weather extremes on society. How have these extremes varied in the past, and how might they change in the future? What type of efforts will help society adapt to potential future changes in climate and weather extremes? The book is designed for all policy-makers, engineers and scientists who have an interest in the effects of climate extremes on society.
Download or read book Climate Variability and Tropical Cyclone Activity written by Pao-Shin Chu and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-10 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive summary of research on tropical cyclone variability at various time scales, from intraseasonal and interannual to interdecadal and centennial. It covers the fundamental theory, statistics and numerical modelling techniques used when considering climate variability in relation to tropical cyclone activity. Major climate oscillations including the Madden-Julian, El Niño, Atlantic Meridional Mode, and Pacific Decadal oscillations are covered, and their impacts on tropical cyclone activity in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans are discussed. Hurricane landfalls in the United States, Caribbean and East Asia are also considered. Climate models and numerical simulations are used to show how prediction models of tropical cyclones are developed, while looking to the future, particular attention is paid to predicting how tropical cyclones will change in response to increased concentrations of greenhouse gases. This book ideal for researchers and practitioners in atmospheric science, climatology, oceanography and civil and environmental engineering.
Download or read book Observed Climate Variability and Change over the Indian Region written by M. N. Rajeevan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-02 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the book is to make a comprehensive documentation of the observed variability and change of the regional climate system over the Indian region using the past observed data. The book addresses all the important parameters of regional climate system so that a physically consistent view of the changes of the climate system is documented. The book contains 16 chapters written by the subject experts from different academic and research institutes in India. The book addresses all important components/parameters of the climate system, like rainfall, temperature, humidity, clouds, moisture, sea surface temperature and ocean heat content, sea level, glaciers and snow cover, tropical cyclones and monsoon depressions, extreme rainfall and rainstorms, heat waves and cold waves, meteorological droughts, aerosols, atmospheric aerosols, ozone and trace gases and atmospheric radiative fluxes. One chapter deals with the past monsoon using monsoon proxy data. The last chapter deals with the future climate change projections over the Indian region (rainfall and temperature) made using coupled climate models. Most of the analyses (especially on rainfall, temperature, extreme rainfall, sea surface temperature, meteorological droughts) are based on the data for a longer period of 110 years, 1901–2010. For some other parameters like moisture, clouds, heat waves and cold waves, atmospheric aerosols, ozone and trace gases and radiative fluxes, data of shorter period have been used. The articles documented inter-annual and decadal variability in addition to documenting long term trends of different parameters. The trends have been tested for statistical significance using standard techniques. It is expected that the present book will be an excellent reference material for researchers as well as for policy makers. These results will be useful in interpreting future climate change scenarios over the region being projected using coupled climate models. Further analysis of these results is required for attributing the observed variability and change to natural and anthropogenic activities.
Download or read book El Ni o Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate written by Michael J. McPhaden and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-11-24 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive and up-to-date information on Earth’s most dominant year-to-year climate variation The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean has major worldwide social and economic consequences through its global scale effects on atmospheric and oceanic circulation, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and other natural systems. Ongoing climate change is projected to significantly alter ENSO's dynamics and impacts. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate presents the latest theories, models, and observations, and explores the challenges of forecasting ENSO as the climate continues to change. Volume highlights include: Historical background on ENSO and its societal consequences Review of key El Niño (ENSO warm phase) and La Niña (ENSO cold phase) characteristics Mathematical description of the underlying physical processes that generate ENSO variations Conceptual framework for understanding ENSO changes on decadal and longer time scales, including the response to greenhouse gas forcing ENSO impacts on extreme ocean, weather, and climate events, including tropical cyclones, and how ENSO affects fisheries and the global carbon cycle Advances in modeling, paleo-reconstructions, and operational climate forecasting Future projections of ENSO and its impacts Factors influencing ENSO events, such as inter-basin climate interactions and volcanic eruptions The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the editors.
Download or read book Global Perspectives on Tropical Cyclones written by Johnny C. L. Chan and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pt. I. Theory of tropical cyclones. ch. 1. Tropical cyclone structure and dynamics / Jeffrey D. Kepert. ch. 2. Tropical cyclone formation / Kevin J. Tory and William M. Frank. ch. 3. Air-sea interactions in tropical cyclones / Lynn K. Shay. ch. 4. Movement of tropical cyclones / Johnny C.L. Chan. ch. 5. The extratropical transition of tropical cyclones : structural characteristics, downstream impacts, and forecast challenges / Patrick A. Harr -- pt. II. Observations of tropical cyclones. ch. 6. Observing and analyzing the near-surface wind field in tropical cyclones / Mark D. Powell. ch. 7. Satellite observations of tropical cyclones / Christopher Velden and Jeffrey Hawkins. ch. 8. Aircraft observations of tropical cyclones / Sim D. Aberson [und weitere] -- pt. III. Climate variations of tropical cyclone activity. ch. 9. Tropical cyclones and climate change : a review / Thomas Knutson, Chris Landsea and Kerry Emanuel -- pt. IV. Forecasting of tropical cyclones. ch. 10. Track and structure forecasts of tropical cyclones / Julian Heming and Jim Goerss. ch. 11. The influence of natural climate variability on tropical cyclones, and seasonal forecasts of tropical cyclone activity / Suzana J. Camargo [und weitere] -- pt. V. Hydrological aspects of tropical cyclones. ch. 12. Storm surge modeling and applications in coastal areas / Shishir K. Dube [und weitere] -- pt. VI. Societal impacts of tropical cyclones. ch. 13. Disaster mitigation and societal impacts / David King, Jim Davidson and Linda Anderson-Berry
Download or read book Hurricane Risk written by Jennifer M. Collins and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-15 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book details the outcomes of new research focusing on climate risk related to hurricanes. Topics include numerical simulation of tropical cyclones, through tropical cyclone hazard estimation to damage estimates and their implications for commercial risk. Inspired by the 6th International Summit on Hurricanes and Climate Change: From Hazard to Impact, this book brings together leading international academics and researchers, and provides a source reference for both risk managers and climate scientists for research on the interface between tropical cyclones, climate and risk.
Download or read book Climate Change and Impacts in the Pacific written by Lalit Kumar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume addresses the impacts of climate change on Pacific islands, and presents databases and indexes for assessing and adapting to island vulnerabilities. By analyzing susceptibility variables, developing comprehensive vulnerability indexes, and applying GIS techniques, the book's authors demonstrate the particular issues presented by climate change in the islands of the Pacific region, and how these issues may be managed to preserve and improve biodiversity and human livelihoods. The book first introduces the issues specific to island communities, such as high emissions impacts, and discusses the importance of the lithological traits of Pacific islands and how these physical factors relate to climate change impacts. From here, the book aims to analyze the various vulnerabilities of different island sectors, and to formulate a susceptibility index from these variables to be used by government and planning agencies for relief prioritization. Such variables include tropical cyclones, built infrastructures, proximity to coastal areas, agriculture, fisheries and marine resources, groundwater availability, biodiversity, and economic impacts on industries such as tourism. Through the categorization and indexing of these variables, human and physical adaptation measures are proposed, and support solutions are offered to aid the inhabitants of affected island countries. This book is intended for policy makers, academics, and climate change researchers, particularly those dealing with climate change impacts on small islands.
Download or read book The Effects of Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones on the Southwestern United States written by Walter Smith and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As climate has warmed over recent years, a new pattern of more frequent and more intense weather events has unfolded across the globe. Climate models simulate such changes in extreme events, and some of the reasons for the changes are well understood. Warming increases the likelihood of extremely hot days and nights, favors increased atmospheric moisture that may result in more frequent heavy rainfall and snowfall, and leads to evaporation that can exacerbate droughts. Even with evidence of these broad trends, scientists cautioned in the past that individual weather events couldn't be attributed to climate change. Now, with advances in understanding the climate science behind extreme events and the science of extreme event attribution, such blanket statements may not be accurate. The relatively young science of extreme event attribution seeks to tease out the influence of human-cause climate change from other factors, such as natural sources of variability like El Niño, as contributors to individual extreme events. Event attribution can answer questions about how much climate change influenced the probability or intensity of a specific type of weather event. As event attribution capabilities improve, they could help inform choices about assessing and managing risk, and in guiding climate adaptation strategies. This report examines the current state of science of extreme weather attribution, and identifies ways to move the science forward to improve attribution capabilities.
Download or read book Water related Disasters Climate Variability and Change written by Tomonori Matsuura and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Severe tropical storms and typhoons hit East Asia mainly from summer to autumn every year, bringing abundant water resources to the inhabitants. However, typhoons are among the most devastating of all natural disasters, causing the loss of many lives and giving rise to large economic losses. In Japan, the number of fatalities as a result of typhoons has been reduced because of new observation techniques, such as rawinsonde, meteorological satellites, radar, numerical forecasts, information services through radio and television, and the service of structures including river improvement and erosion and torrent control works. We have found, however, that recent severe tropical storms, the cyclone in Bangladesh in 1998 and Hurricane Katrina in the United States in 2005, generated massive destruction. In regard to typhoons, several time-period variations appear in the genetic numbers during 1951-2005: interannual frequency, interdecadal frequency, and long-term trends. This suggests that typhoons and hurricanes have become activated and this should relate to the recent global warming over the past 30 years. Therefore it is necessary to confirm how tropical storm activity will change in the future as a result of climate variability and fluctuation. The third report of the IPCC (the United Nation s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) indicates that water-related disasters resulting from severe weather will change in quality in association with global warming. With the recent development of satellite remote sensing, ground and aircraft observations, numerical simulation techniques, and the investigations of global climate change, the relationship between global warming and tropical storms and, furthermore, their related disasters are making progress. Under these situations, our group planned to conduct a project, entitled Study on extreme weather events and water-related disasters as a result of climate variability and changes, to make use of projecting a long-term change of water-related disasters from 2002 to 2004. Based on our group s recent research and the related studies of other institute researchers in Japan, we prepared the results of tropical cyclones as recent reviews for publication as a book, Water-Related Disasters; Climate Variability and Change: Results of Severe Tropical Storms in East Asia. In this work, we introduce new numerical and data-analysis research concerning the relationship between East Asia s climate variability and changes and tropical storms, the storms by themselves, and the water-related disasters they cause. The first paper, Climate Changes and Tropical Storms in the Western North Pacific, reviews the general overview of typhoon classifications, developing mechanisms, structures, climatologies, and their disasters. The second paper, The Structure of Tropical Cyclones, addresses three stages: developing stage in general, mature stage, and developing stage in detail. The third paper, Extratropical Response to Typhoon-Induced Convective Heating over the Western North Pacific in Summer, is a new insight into how the typhoons are generated over the tropics and how they affect the midlatitude area through teleconnection. Paper number four, The Relationship Between ENSO and a Tropical Cyclone Simulated in a CGCM, deals with the characteristics of typhoon activity during the El Niño and La Niña periods. The fifth paper, Global Warming and Tropical Storms. Simulations Using General Circulation Models, presents the hot topic of tropical storm activity when global warming occurs. Paper number six, Potential Hydrologic Change Resulting from Greenhouse Warming, is a downscaling result of CGCM to a regional atmospheric model for global warming simulation. The seventh paper, The Influences of Climate Change in the Frequencies of Storm Rainfalls and Flood Disasters, addresses the particularly heavy rain caused by ENSO and typhoons in Japan. This paper also describes the impacts of global warming on heavy precipitation frequency and the flood risk of the Tama River Basin in Japan. The final paper in the book, Changes in Wave Climate in the Western North Pacific, presents a study of interannual variability and a future projection of summertime wave heights in the western North Pacific. We hope this book will be read and referred to not only by researchers of tropical cyclones and by climatologists, but also by the wider scientific community of researchers, science managers, and graduate students.
Download or read book A Literature Review Effect of Climate Change on Tropical Cyclones written by Kopal Arora and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2014-06-11 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2011 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Meteorology, Aeronomy, Climatology, grade: 11.0, University of Exeter, language: English, abstract: Since tropical cyclones(TCs) are one of the major geophysical cause of loss of life and property, it is important to understand if there is any change in the frequency and intensity of TCs due to anthropogenic climate change. IPCC considers 0.25-0.5 C increase in warming over tropical oceans over the past few decades due to increase in greenhouse gas concentration over past 50years. During 6th International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones, a statement was released on the connection between the TCs and anthropogenic climate change. The statement was in response to the increase in number of recent high-impact TC events which includes, 10 land falling Tcs in Japan in 2004, 5 TCs affecting the Cook island in a five week period during 2005, cyclone Gafilo in Madagascar in 2004, cyclone Larry in Australia in 2006, typhoon Saomai in China in 2006, and violently active Atlantic TC season during the period of 2004 to 2005, including the catastrophic socioeconomic impact of Hurricane Katrina. A few recent articles [1] have noted a large increase in TC’s intensity, frequency and wind-speeds in some regions during past 5 decades, which could be attributed to the increase in the concentration of green house gases in past 50years. However, other studies explain this noticed increase as a result of better observations made and instruments used, making it easier to detect TCs. Consensus statement by the International workshop on TC-6 reported uncertain conclusions about the influence of climate change on TC after taking into account evidence both for and against. It was concluded that no TC could be solely attributed to the anthropogenic climate change. Model and theory predicts 3-5% increase in wind speed per degree C increase in SST. But, there is inconsistency between the small change in wind speed projected by theory and modelling versus large variations reported by some observational studies. Significant limitation of measurements over some regions make detection of trends difficult. It was suggested that if increase in SST continues, susceptibility to TC storm surge flooding would strengthen.
Download or read book Tropical Cyclones of the Eastern North Pacific and Their Effects on the Climate of the Western United States written by Arthur Vern Douglas and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Download or read book Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many factors contribute to variability in Earth's climate on a range of timescales, from seasons to decades. Natural climate variability arises from two different sources: (1) internal variability from interactions among components of the climate system, for example, between the ocean and the atmosphere, and (2) natural external forcings, such as variations in the amount of radiation from the Sun. External forcings on the climate system also arise from some human activities, such as the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols. The climate that we experience is a combination of all of these factors. Understanding climate variability on the decadal timescale is important to decision-making. Planners and policy makers want information about decadal variability in order to make decisions in a range of sectors, including for infrastructure, water resources, agriculture, and energy. In September 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to examine variability in Earth's climate on decadal timescales, defined as 10 to 30 years. During the workshop, ocean and climate scientists reviewed the state of the science of decadal climate variability and its relationship to rates of human-caused global warming, and they explored opportunities for improvement in modeling and observations and assessing knowledge gaps. Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Download or read book Recent Progress in Atmospheric Sciences written by Kuo-Nan Liou and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains 22 peer-reviewed articles that cover a spectrum of contemporary subjects relevant to atmospheric sciences, with specific applications to the Asia-Pacific region. The majority of these papers consist of a review of a scientific sub-field in atmospheric sciences, while some contain original contributions. All of the accepted papers were subject to scientific reviews and revisions.The book is divided into 2 traditional fields in atmospheric sciences: atmospheric dynamics and meteorology; and atmospheric physics and chemistry. The authors of these papers are distinguished alumni of the Department of Atmospheric Sciences at the National Taiwan University, residing in the USA and Taiwan. This book is dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Department of Atmospheric Sciences that occurred in 2004.Papers in atmospheric dynamics and meteorology cover the following subjects: El Ni¤o/Southern Oscillation, air/sea interactions, convection in the tropics, meiyu frontal systems, tropical cyclones/typhoons, data assimilations, and mesoscale modeling. In atmospheric physics and chemistry, subjects range from aerosols/clouds interactions, heat budgets in the context of air/sea interactions, atmospheric radiative transfer, remote sensing of the oceans, Asian dust outbreaks and clouds, reviews of cloud microphysics and urban ozone formations, to a satellite GPS system for typhoon studies and weather predictions.
