Download or read book Impact of Water Supply on the Well being of the Rural Communities The Case of Haramaya District of Eastern Ethiopia written by Getahun Nagari and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2022-12-23 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2013 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Regional Geography, Haramaya University, language: English, abstract: This study identifies factors affecting access to potable water supply as well as measures the magnitude of the impact of rural water supply on the wellbeing of the user community using cross-sectional data collected from 200 farm households that were randomly selected from Haramaya District, east Hararghe Zone of Oromia National regional state. Data were analyzed using descriptive, inferential statistics, and propensity score matching (PSM) method. The results obtained from Logit model showed that access to potable water supply are significantly influenced by education, knowledge, quality of water, sustainability and distance of water point from homestead. Results of the PSM suggest that access to potable water supply significantly decreased households’ expenditure on consumption and medical care by Birr 2497 per annum (55%). Overall, the study provides evidence that policy makers and development practitioners should focus on accessible rural water supply system and investing in alternative watering points such as deep/shallow wells, protected hand dug wells, protected spring on spot and with gravity and easily adoptable low technologies maintained by the community. Moreover, it is important to focus on improving households’ knowledge about PWS, quality of water and basic water point services to improve households’ potable water supply demand.
Download or read book The Impact of Drinking Water Quality and Sanitation on Child Health written by Muhammed A. Usman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the impact of drinking water quality and sanitation behavior on child health in rural districts of Ethiopia. Using primary household survey data and microbiological water test for Escherichia coli, we use various estimation methods to quantify the impacts of water quality and sanitation behavior on diarrhea incidence among children under five years old. Our results show that uncontaminated household storage water and safe child stool disposal decrease incidence of child diarrhea by 16% and 23% respectively. In contrast, neighborhood concentration of pit latrine increases incidence of child diarrhea by 12%. The latter result casts serious doubt on the assumed health and social benefits of moving from open to fixed-location defecation. Creating open defecation free communities in rural areas is not enough to achieve the desired health benefits of sanitation. To protect rural households from the risk of contracting communicable diseases, existing pit latrines should be upgraded to make them safer to use - fly-proofed and hygienic. There is a need for appropriate policy actions to improve household drinking water quality and to change people's behavior towards safe sanitation practices. Increasing access to clean water supply and providing means for safe excreta disposal will bring significant health and social gains. Moreover, promotion of hygiene education campaigns about household water treatment, safe water storage and handling, washing hands with soaps at critical times, and adequately removing child feces from the domestic environment can also help ensure that people preserve good health in their household and their community.
Download or read book The Impact of Drinking Water Quality and Sanitation Behavior on Child Health written by Muhammed Usman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the impact of drinking water quality and sanitation behavior on child health in rural districts of Ethiopia. Using primary household survey data and microbiological water test for Escherichia coli, we use various estimation methods to quantify the impacts of water quality and sanitation behavior on diarrhea incidence among children under five years old. Our results show that uncontaminated household storage water and safe child stool disposal decrease incidence of child diarrhea by 16% and 23% respectively. In contrast, neighborhood concentration of pit latrine increases incidence of child diarrhea by 12%. The latter result casts serious doubt on the assumed health and social benefits of moving from open to fixed-location defecation. Creating open defecation free communities in rural areas is not enough to achieve the desired health benefits of sanitation. To protect rural households from the risk of contracting communicable diseases, existing pit latrines should be upgraded to make them safer to use - fly-proofed and hygienic. There is a need for appropriate policy actions to improve household drinking water quality and to change people's behavior towards safe sanitation practices. Increasing access to clean water supply and providing means for safe excreta disposal will bring significant health and social gains. Moreover, promotion of hygiene education campaigns about household water treatment, safe water storage and handling, washing hands with soaps at critical times, and adequately removing child feces from the domestic environment can also help ensure that people preserve good health in their household and their community.
Download or read book Living with Urban Environmental Health Risks written by Girma Kebbede and published by Ashgate Pub Limited. This book was released on 2004 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although it still has a low urban population when compared with the rest of the world, Ethiopia nevertheless has been experiencing one of the most rapid urbanization processes of recent years. This rapid urban growth, however, has not been accompanied by a commensurate increase in basic infrastructure and amenities that are essential for a healthy urban environment. Housing, water supply, sanitation services, drainage, transport networks and health services have not been able to keep pace with the prevailing urban growth rates, resulting in a deterioration of urban living conditions and increasingly serious health problems. of environmental problems in urban areas in Ethiopia and their impact on health. The book points to the economic and political causes that underlie many of the urban problems in the country. This in-depth analysis suggests ways to deal with these problems at community, municipal, and national levels.
Download or read book Impact of Rural Water Supply on Women Livelihood written by Weredekal Atsbeha Gebremeskel and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Potable rural water supply coverage in Ethiopia is very low specifically in the rural areas of the Tigray regional state. To address this problem both governments and non-government organizations have been involved in implementing different water supply interventions in many areas of the region. However, the impact of the rural water supply development on women livelihood is not well documented. This study aims at assessing the impact of rural water supply service towards the empowerment of women. A comparative analysis of realities before and after project intervention was employed to examine the impact of the rural water supply project on women livelihoods. To analyze data both descriptive statistics and bivariate correlation (t-test and Chi-square test) analysis were employed. Result of the study show that the water supply project has had significant positive impact on women livelihoods.
Download or read book Rural Water Supply and the Determinants of Productive Use of Water at the Household Level Challenges in Metema Woreda written by Kibrom Adino and published by . This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thesis (M.A.) from the year 2013 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Development Politics, Addis Ababa University (Regional and Local Development Studies), course: Full Regional and Local Development Studies courses, language: English, abstract: These days, water has become a highly essential ingredient for the rural household's home based productive use of water beyond the usual basic needs of consumption. In recognition of this, this study is aimed at three main objectives: assessment of the home based productive use of water, the factors that affect the productive use and examining the major challenges of rural water supply in the study area. In an attempt to deal with these objectives the study selected Metema Woreda in Ethiopia as a study area from which four kebeles were selected randomly to have 130 household respondents. The major methods of analysis in this study were both descriptive analysis and a logistic model to meet on the aforementioned objectives. The analysis and discussion of the study revealed that water is the prime input for home based productive uses in addition to the usual basic needs of consumption. To this effect, traditional brewery, home gardening, water selling, small ruminants and rural restaurants were the major home based productive uses of water in the study area. Yet the productive use of water in the study area was found to be constrained by demographic and economic characteristics of the households and the physical and environmental situation of the water supply of the area. Moreover, the study recognized that the water supply in the study area is hindered by a combination of institutional, physical, and technical challenges. Hence, in recognition to these, the concerned bodies at all levels should recognize the challenges of rural water supply as multiple and interlocking that requires a systematic approach. Moreover, the productive use of water at household level should be mainstreamed in the policy of
Download or read book Impacts of Water Supply and Sanitation on Poverty in Ethiopia to Meet MDGs Poverty Reduction Goal written by Teshome Adugna and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethiopia's water supply and sanitation coverage is one of the lowest in Africa. Such a situation made people in the country to spend much more time collecting drinking water. In addition to this people have been becoming unhealthy due to the spread of water related diseases. The lack of water supply and sanitation is considered as one factor for the deep and wide spread of poverty in the country. This study investigated the impacts of water supply and sanitation on the poverty incidence through improving the health status of people and increasing crop production. The secondary data, mainly from CSA, MOWR and MOFED used to analyse water supply and sanitation situation in the country and even to estimate the impact of water supply and sanitation in poverty incidence. The study used panel data which were collected from different locations over selected years. The log-log model was specified to get the elasticity of poverty incidence due to the change in the water supply and sanitation. The Fixed Effect Instrumental Variable (FE-IV) estimator was used to estimate the equation. Under the new water supply and sanitation program (2006-2012) a total of 58 million people would get water supply at the end of the 2012. In addition to this a total of 75.5 million people would get basic sanitation service during the same period. In the rural areas a total of 149,023 new water supply and 15,893,313 sanitation infrastructure would be constructed during the plan period. Similarly in the urban areas a total of 1,335 new constructions would be undertaken in the same period. The efforts to reach the universal access program would reduce the incidence of poverty by 23 million by improving the health status of 7 million people and increasing the total crop production by 26 million quintals. But Absence of consistent development plan, lack of appropriate technology, poor cost recovery and lack of fund, poor coordination and experience sharing practices, lack of private sector and absence of micro-enterprise would be the major challenges to realize UAP target in Ethiopia.
Download or read book Impact of Irrigation Water Use on Groundwater Environment and Soil Salinity in Ethiopia written by Bayisa Muleta and published by . This book was released on 2021-03-19 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2021 in the subject Agrarian Studies, grade: A, Haramaya University (Institute of Technology), course: Seiner Seminar, language: English, abstract: This text deals with the impact of irrigation water use on groundwater environment and soil salinity in Ethiopia. Irrigation systems have been under pressure to produce more with lower supplies of water. Various innovative practices can gain an economic advantage while also reducing environmental burdens such as water abstraction, energy use, pollutants, etc. Farmers can better use technological systems already installed, adopt extra technologies, enhance their skills in soil and water management, tailor cropping patterns to lower water demand and usage, reduce agrochemical inputs and more. Water scarcity has been defined as the point at which the aggregate impact of all users impinges on the supply or quality of water under prevailing institutional arrangements to the extent that the demand by all sectors, including the environment, cannot be satisfied fully.
Download or read book How Does Improved Access to Clean Water Impact Rural Communities written by Josephine-Mary O. Sam and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research has shown that rural water programs benefit communities by promoting women's empowerment, and improving children's education and the health of residents. However, the tendency for such programs to be short-lived (as water pumps break down and villages are unable to repair them) erodes any benefits and sets villages back on the path toward using unsafe and inconvenient water sources. The incidence of failed rural water projects has prompted calls for a more holistic approach to addressing rural water supply issues. Two development organizations, the Nyarkoa Foundation (NF) and the Rural Education and Development Program (REDEP), implemented a water program in villages located in the Ajumako-Enyan-Essiam District of Central Region, Ghana, where earlier water programs had been unsuccessful. Using a new approach, the program focused on gender-sensitive planning, financing for maintenance and participatory governance. Through interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation, this study evaluates the impacts of the NF/REDEP water program in two villages, Ofosu and Awordo. Findings showed that improved access to clean water enhanced economic opportunities for women and children's education in both villages. There was also evidence that equitable and participatory decision-making engendered cooperation and efficient management of the water program, while exclusionist policy making led to apathy and noncompliance. However, the combined usage of the water pumps with unprotected water sources threatened to negate its health benefits, while the absence of effective women's involvement in the management of the program raised questions about its capacity to truly empower women. These findings reveal the need for increased sensitization on the risks of using unsafe water and a review of the program management approach.
Download or read book The Impact of Rural Water Provision on Community Development written by Auckhinleck Kwame Adow and published by . This book was released on 2013-06-19 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The philosophy informing the content of this book implies that there are clear linkages between potable water provision (through boreholes), and wealth creation which leads to community growth and development. This book focuses on how the provision of boreholes have been a unique intervention and a catalyst facilitating community development in some parts of rural Ghana - the Greater Afram Plains (GAP). In the GAP, a vicious cycle of ill-health caused by water-borne and other water-related infections lead to weakness and reduced energy to work, low capability utilization which in turn lead to low income, low wealth creation and low cumulative economic capacity and chronic indebtedness. This further lead to poor households, opportunistic illnesses, and worsening physical incapacitation. This condition frustrated community growth and development initiatives. For community growth and development to become a continual reality, there should be continual wealth creation or income generation by a healthy population living within a healthy environment, such that, returns earned from high labor investments and productivity are not drained or spent on ill-health but saved and spent on households well-being and community development initiatives. The incapacitation of a productive adult, particularly due to disease such as guinea worm, always have negative spiral social and economic consequences as physical indisposition devastates and drains the limited resources in households and makes it very difficult to recover due to its cyclical nature and thus precipitates and sustains poverty which is endemic and eventually becomes a pervasive syndrome in rural communities and retards efforts at community development. The well-being of an individual, a household and a community stems from the value for labor they obtain. The best value for labor is obtained through good health and quality education for children and the youth in rural communities. Anything short of these places individuals and communities in disadvantaged, compromised conditions of inability to utilize their potential capabilities to the utmost, to be what they can or would want to be, and acquire the requisite capacity to live a life of utmost well being and constructively contribute to uplifting society through the physical, social and economic development of their communities.The book is structured in six chapters and intended to offer development practitioners, policy makers and the academia a modern practical perspective of how a single intervention such as potable water infrastructure provision through the drilling of boreholes in rural communities can serve as the platforms and catalyst to cause transformational development which continually improves the quality of life in rural communities. The real development transformations so experienced are not only in terms of the spatial expansion of communities, but also in the form of invaluable but unquantifiable social freedoms, economic empowerment for wealth creation, vibrant contributions to the growth of the annual national Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and finally, in irreversible gender emancipations.
Download or read book Cross cutting issues in the water land energy and food security nexus Perspectives from sub saharan africa written by Felix Kwabena Donkor and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-27 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Resources Monitoring Management and Sustainability written by Subodh Chandra Pal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-09-13 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water Resources Monitoring, Management, and Sustainability: Application of Geostatistics and Geospatial Modeling, Volume 16, a new volume in the Developments in Environmental Science series, introduces a variety of advanced modeling techniques like changing climate and land use/land cover, hydrological models, and machine learning approaches. These techniques are applied to address water resources and environmental monitoring, as well as planning and sustainable management of water resources. Further, the book discusses how to manage water resources at various local, regional, and international levels while incorporating environmental considerations. Finally, it delves into cutting-edge techniques based on open-source software and R statistical programming, Google Earth Engine, and modeling in modern artificial intelligence techniques, with a particular emphasis on recent trends in datamining techniques and robust modeling in water resource crisis-related hazards. Provides essential information on new methods for managing water resources to minimize the global water crisis Illustrates a geospatial technology approach to datamining techniques, data analysis, modeling, risk assessment and visualization, and management strategies in many elements of natural and societal hazards Includes works that address the connection between water, climate change, and the environment
Download or read book Preventing Diarrhoea Through Better Water Sanitation and Hygiene written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2015-06-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In early 2013, WHO convened an expert group of scientists from 14 collaborating research institutions to update the assessment of the burden of diarrhoeal disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and to reassess the effectiveness of WASH interventions. This group considered evolving and alternative methods for assessing the burden of disease and agreed on a rigorous new approach using meta-regression. In deriving the new figures, the experts incorporated the latest data on use of improved water and sanitation with minor adjustments, and drew upon the results from two new global reviews on microbial water quality and of handwashing practices specially prepared as part of this effort. This document outlines the latest research on the burden of diarrhoea related to inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). It is based on a series of articles published in the scientific literature. In bringing together current evidence on exposure to unsafe drinking-water, inadequate sanitation and hygiene, alongside the most up-to-date analysis on the health impacts of interventions, this document contributes to informed policymaking and targeting of resources. It underscores how further progress can be achieved in this unfinished global water and sanitation and health agenda.
Download or read book The Soils of Ethiopia written by Sheleme Beyene and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-05 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses Ethiopia's extremely rich soil diversity and resources, which have developed under various climatic conditions. Featuring contributions by a group of respected experts on Ethiopian soils and agriculture, it provides comprehensive information on the management approaches needed for sustainable soil utilization and conservation under such conditions and the attendant challenges. It offers a valuable resource for anyone interested in soils and agriculture in Ethiopia, but also in other African countries with similar climatic conditions. The book contains 13 chapters which illustrate the long history of knowledge and soil research; climate; geology and geomorphology; soil forming factors, processes, and classification; major soil types, their properties, fertility status, and management; land evaluation and land use planning; soils and society/industry; and future/emerging soil issues.
Download or read book Rainwater Harvesting written by Stockholm Environment Institute and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2009 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change, demand for development and already deteriorating state of ecosystems produce an immediate need for innovative opportunities enabling development and human well-being without undermining ecosystem services. Rainwater harvesting creates synergies by upgrading rainfed agriculture and enhancing productive landscapes. The publication describes rainwater harvesting systems, their roles and impacts. It focuses to both negative and positive aspects of using technology and explains how we can decrease constraints and build upon benefits. It examines 29 cases of different economic activities including forestry, agriculture, watershed development and, rural and urban development.
Download or read book Wetlands of Ethiopia written by Kim Geheb and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2003 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Valuation of Wetlands written by Edward Barbier and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
