Download or read book Impact of the Syrian Crisis on Lebanon Local and Regional Rationales for Hezbollah s Involvement in Syria written by Charles-Brian Biondi and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Impact of the Syrian Crisis on Lebanon written by Charles-Brian Biondi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Syrian Refugee Crisis in Lebanon written by Robert G. Rabil and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2016-07-29 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the unfolding of the Syrian refugee crisis in relation to the spillover of the Syrian civil war in Lebanon and against the background of Lebanon–Syria relations and Lebanon’s socio-political, cultural, legal, and economic conditions. It surveys Lebanon’s response plans to the refugee crisis as part of the development of the international response plans to address the protection and needs of the Syrian refugees and Palestinian refugees from Syria, as well as the impacted host communities and institutions. At the same time, this book emphasizes the dramatic shift in popular and institutional attitudes towards the refugees as a response to and as a growth of the sheer magnitude of the refugee crisis, which made Lebanon the only country in modern history with the highest per capita concentration of refugees in the world. By examining these attitudes against the background of achievements and failures of the response plans, the impact of the crisis on state institutions on the local and national levels, and the collective consciousness of a nation barely surviving the scars of its civil war, this book not only underscores the deepening tragedy of Syrian and Palestinian refugees in Lebanon, but also the consequential tragedy of many Lebanese, who have been forced into poverty and whose livelihoods have been affected by insecurity and the almost complete collapse of social services. As a result, the tragedy of the Syrian refugee crisis has become an international crisis affecting vulnerable persons across nationalities, and, unless it is addressed diplomatically and its response plans sufficiently funded, the tragedy will only deepen across continents.
Download or read book Hezbollah s Military Involvement in Syria and its Wider Regional Role written by and published by مركز الملك فيصل للبحوث والدراسات الإسلامية. This book was released on with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fall of Aleppo in December emphasized the prominent role played by Lebanese Hezbollah in the Syrian war. Since 2013, Hezbollah fighters have operated across the border alongside the Syrian army and forces loyal to the regime of President Bashar Assad. Hezbollah’s importance is twofold: first, it has enabled the regime to wrestle back areas from rebel control, and second, it has significantly increased the effectiveness of pro-regime forces.
Download or read book Quo vadis Party of God The Regional Entanglement of the Lebanese Hezbollah written by Sebastian Maier and published by King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies (KFCRIS). This book was released on 2016-01-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the Lebanese Hezbollah’s raison d’être ever since its inception in the early ’80s has been the mantra of unwavering resistance against the Israeli occupation of Lebanese soil, in April 2013 the Shi’ite militia’s secretary general, Hassan Nasrallah, publicly stated that his fighters were openly fighting alongside the Shi’ite-sect Alawite regime of Bashar al-Assad on Syrian ground. Since then, Hezbollah has steadily deepened its commitment there both in size and in scope. It has scored tactical victories and territorial gains on the Syrian battlefield in bolstering the foothold of al-Assad, just as it has suffered considerable losses among some of its most experienced military ranks. Therefore, Hezbollah’s deepening interference on Syrian turf testifies to a paradigm shift in its strategic realignment in the context of the Levant’s unprecedented volatility. Feeling the repercussions from internal political divisions in Lebanon and the increasingly intricate frontlines across the neighboring country of Syria, Hezbollah has embarked on a dangerous path that is likely to have grave consequences. As it carries the dual burden of being expected to maintain the opposition against Israel as well as shoring up regime loyalists in Syria, it risks stalemate on its southern front and overexpansion in the protracted Syrian quagmire.
Download or read book Lebanon and the Arab Uprisings written by Maximilian Felsch and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-23 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arab uprisings have put Lebanon under increased strain. While the revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt caused limited reverberations, the war in Syria echoed in the fine-tuned political and confessional balance of Lebanon. Over one million refugees, equal to one-quarter of Lebanon’s population, have moved in from Syria. The country’s economy and its already weak public infrastructure have been impacted heavily. Hizbullah’s engagement in Syria has posed questions about Lebanon’s disassociation policy. Terrorist attacks by ISIL and the growing risk of radicalization across the confessional spectrum have left the country at unease. However, Lebanon’s political elites have vowed to shield the country from regional turbulences. Lebanon recently saw a series of demonstrations because of the inability of the government to manage the garbage crisis, but it has been far from witnessing a large-scale citizen uprising similar to the 2005 Cedar Revolution or the revolts next door. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current situation in Lebanon, and a detailed assessment of the difficulties which the country is currently facing.
Download or read book Hezbollah written by Hadi Wahab and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book examines Hezbollah's transition from a domestic into a regional armed non-state actor (ANSA). Taking its point of departure in Hezbollah's historiography on the military and political levels in Lebanon, it focuses on the participation of Hezbollah's troops in Syria's sect-coded civil war. Initially limited, Hezbollah's intervention in the Syrian conflict gradually increased into a full-scale engagement across vast swathes of Syrian territory, with Hezbollah instrumentalizing its sectarian (Shi°a) identity to justify its engagement. Sect-centric narratives and victimhood were a mere tool for what was a geopolitical confrontation, and Hezbollah's involvement launched it to becoming a regional ANSA. The book outlines that this transition was only plausible because of the interplay between three factors: Hezbollah's sectarian mobilization and instrumentalization of its sectarian identity; the shift into a quasi-army combining classical with guerrilla tactics and formations; and its embedding as a partner in the axis which now extends from Beirut to Tehran. It was in 2018 that a set of conditions, impossible to reproduce, allowed Hezbollah to reach its culmination on both the domestic and regional theatres. This book shows that ANSAs are playing prominent roles in the regional order in the Middle East. Meticulously researched, Hezbollah is a comprehensive study ideal for upper-level undergraduates and above with an interest in Middle East studies, Middle East politics and international relations"--
Download or read book Beyond Spillover written by Faysal Itani and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Syrian conflict is accelerating Lebanon's political and institutional decline and poses a serious long-term threat to its economy. To describe the increase in violence and instability in Lebanon since the war began as simply a spillover distorts the reality of the situation. More accurately, the Syrian conflict has exposed and deepened preexisting rifts among Lebanese and exacerbated Lebanon's economic challenges. This issue brief assesses the political, security, and humanitarian implications of the Syria crisis in Lebanon. Events in Syria have sharpened existing fault lines in Lebanon due to Hezbollah's involvement in Syria, an increasingly volatile security situation, and a growing refugee problem.
Download or read book The Ideological Transformation of Hezbollah Since Its Involvement in the Syrian Civil War written by Ian Mac Donald and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its creation, Hezbollah has been a sectarian organization in a political system where it has been compelled to compete for power against other sectarian actors. However, at times when conflict with Israel escalated, an enemy that was clearly distinguishable via national, linguistic, ethnic, and religious criteria, Hezbollah often claimed to be the protector of the Lebanese nation. The Syrian Civil War, a conflict mainly between Arabs that is mired by sectarianism, has once again given Hezbollah a clearly defined enemy. However, unlike Israel, Hezbollah's enemies are now Sunni Arabs, which is also a large minority within Lebanon. The Syrian conflict caused Hezbollah to dramatically alter its foreign policy and military strategy to confront such emerging threats within its neighbourhood. How has Hezbollah ideologically changed as a result of the Syrian Civil War? Securitization theory predicts that elites will use a small security issue and make it appear as a large security threat to a society in order to concentrate resources and gain the trust of the population. From being a sectarian actor in Lebanese politics, the author hypothesises that Hezbollah securitized the threat posed by the Islamic State to the Lebanese nation, as it has done with Israel, thus transforming its ideology to be even more nationalist than prior to the Syrian Civil War. In order to test this theory, fieldwork was conducted in Lebanon to observe if Hezbollah emphasized its role in protecting the Lebanese nation against the threat of the Islamic State. Findings from the qualitative study suggest that while Hezbollah's Secretary General Hassan Nasrallah advocates Hezbollah's role in protecting the Lebanese imagined community from the threat of the Islamic State, Hezbollah's involvement in Syria has meant that it engages in a more sectarianized nationalist ideology than it previously did with Israel. Furthermore, Hezbollah's physical discourse continues to elicit universalist Islamic symbolism.
Download or read book Hezbollah in Syria written by Chafic Choucair and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been three years since the Lebanese Hezbollah group publicly announced its military involvement in the Syrian war, leading to major changes in its role in the region and its stance with regards to other regional developments, particularly the Arab revolutions. Any gains or losses from its involvement in Syria will reflect on Hezbollah’s future and its standing on a number of levels. This report outlines the group’s stance towards Arab revolutions, major gains and losses from its involvement in Syria, and how this will impact the group’s future trajectory.
Download or read book Hezbollah in Syria written by Marisa Sullivan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hezbollah's deepening involvement in Syria is one of the most important factors of the conflict in 2013 and 2014. The impact of Hezbollah's involvement in Syria has been felt not just on the battlefield, where the regime now has momentum in many areas, but also in Lebanon where growing sectarian tensions have undermined security and stability. This paper details Hezbollah's involvement in Syria from the beginning of the conflict to the present. Much of the focus is on 2013, when Hezbollah publicly acknowledge its presence in Syria and deepened its commitment on the ground. The first part of the paper explores the relationship between Hezbollah, Iran, and Syria and Hezbollah's rationale for its involvement in Syria. The second part looks at Hezbollah's activities in Syria from 2011 to 2012, when it operated on a limited and clandestine basis. The third section of the paper details Hezbollah's escalation of its presence in 2013 and examines the group's role in operations across Syria since the beginning of 2013. The fourth part analyzes the size, scope, and structure of Hezbollah's operations in Syria. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of Hezbollah's growing presence in Syria within Lebanon, Syria, and more broadly.
Download or read book Lebanon written by Julien Barnes-Dacey and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "How Europe can help Lebanon to avoid a descent into chaos--sanctions against Hezbollah are not the way forward. After more than a year of conflict in Syria, neighboring Lebanon is increasingly vulnerable. The civil war in Syria is amplifying Lebanese divisions, fuelling militancy and pushing Syrian President Bashar al-Assad to stir up regional instability. Most significantly, the Syria conflict is shifting the Lebanese balance of power, opening up new possibilities for those intent on weakening Hezbollah, the country's dominant political and military force. For the moment key political actors--particularly Hezbollah--are intent on preventing wider conflict, and the country has strong resilience mechanisms in place.While outright civil war therefore remains unlikely, the country is facing a period of prolonged instability. In a worst case scenario tensions could still push the country into the abyss. In a new ECFR policy brief, "Lebanon: Containing spillover from Syria", Julien Barnes-Dacey argues that Europe should use its influence to support efforts aimed at forging political consensus and deescalating tensions. In particular, European states should-in firm contrast to US policy-continue to talk to Hezbollah in order to assuage fears about an international conspiracy against the movement and contain its more incendiary instincts. Calls by the British and Dutch foreign ministers last Friday for EU sanctions on Hezbollah's military wing should be rejected. European pressure on Hezbollah at this moment could provoke an offensive response to the detriment of Lebanon's fragile stability. Current uncertainties should not be seen as an opportunity to weaken Hezbollah--and by extension its patron Iran. What Europe should do: Talk to all sides: European states should offer firm support for consensus politics aimed at deescalating tensions. This will necessitate Europe taking a different line from the US, primarily by continuing engagement with Hezbollah -- Focus on security: European states must back efforts aimed at strengthening Lebanon's institutional capacity to resist dangerous escalation. This should include greater support for the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) and maintaining a commitment to the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL). -- Smart use of economic tools: Europe should channel economic assistance towards the north of the country and resist pressure to sanction Lebanese banks -- Help with the humanitarian crisis: The huge influx of Syrian refugees may strain Lebanon's economic and social fabric. Europe must step up to share the burden of this humanitarian crisis. "Lebanon can overcome the challenge of destabilisation. But Europe must do all it can to support this process. Its support, pressure and dialogue with all parties can act as a force for both stability and positive reform." - Julien Barnes-Dacey. Key facts: Lebanon shares a 375km-long border with Syria -- Power is distributed among communal groups according to pre-assigned quotas, creating a weak central state -- Syria has long exploited Lebanese vulnerabilities. Since its military withdrawal in 2005 Syria has remained a crucial power broker in Lebanon especially through its support of Hezbollah -- Hezbollah is a Shiite militant and political movement that was founded in 1982 in response to Israel's invasion. Its non-state militia is Lebanon's strongest armed force -- The US government lists Hezbollah as a terrorist organisation. Europe does not and many member states maintain some form of relations with the movement -- Lebanese politics is split between two main coalitions: the pro-Syrian 'March 8' bloc currently in power (Hezbollah, Amal party, Christian Free Patriotic Movement) and the 'March 14' opposition bloc (Future Movement, Lebanese Forces, Phalange Party) -- The EU is Lebanon's most important trading partner: The EU accounts for 29% of Lebanon's total trade in 2011 (worth €5.6 billion).
Download or read book From Resistance to Regional Involvement written by Dor Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Balancing on the Brink Lebanon Tangled Up in the Syrian War Struggles to Maintain Its Stability written by Heiko Wimmen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: So far, the Syrian war and the involvement of Lebanese actors in it has not spread to Lebanon, despite the fears of many. In spite of irreconcilable differences on the Syrian issue, Lebanon's political camps have reached a fragile consensus that makes it possible for political institutions to function at least rudimentarily and for the security situation to be provisionally stabilized. However, this consensus remains precarious and threatened by the ambitions of Lebanese actors and by regional tensions. Moreover, Hezbollah's active involvement in the Syria conflict steadily increases the likelihood of a renewed military confrontation with Israel. Germany and its European partners must do their part to pre-empt such a confrontation, to support the dialogue between the Lebanese parties through mediation, and to stop regional tensions from spilling over. (Autorenreferat)
Download or read book We Were Caught Unprepared written by Matt M. Matthews and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. The fact that the outcome of the 2006 Hezbollah-Israeli War was, at best, a stalemate for Israel has confounded military analysts. Long considered the most professional and powerful army in the Middle East, with a history of impressive military victories against its enemies, the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) emerged from the campaign with its enemies undefeated and its prestige tarnished. This historical analysis of the war includes an examination of IDF and Hezbollah doctrine prior to the war, as well as an overview of the operational and tactical problems encountered by the IDF during the war. The IDF ground forces were tactically unprepared and untrained to fight against a determined Hezbollah force. ¿An insightful, comprehensive examination of the war.¿ Illustrations.
Download or read book Sectarianization written by Nader Hashemi and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-15 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the Middle East descends ever deeper into violence and chaos, 'sectarianism' has become a catch-all explanation for the region's troubles. The turmoil is attributed to 'ancient sectarian differences', putatively primordial forces that make violent conflict intractable. In media and policy discussions, sectarianism has come to possess trans-historical causal power. This book trenchantly challenges the lazy use of 'sectarianism' as a magic-bullet explanation for the region's ills, focusing on how various conflicts in the Middle East have morphed from non-sectarian (or cross-sectarian) and nonviolent movements into sectarian wars. Through multiple case studies -- including Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Yemen and Kuwait -- this book maps the dynamics of sectarianisation, exploring not only how but also why it has taken hold. The contributors examine the constellation of forces -- from those within societies to external factors such as the Saudi-Iran rivalry -- that drive the sectarianisation process and explore how the region's politics can be de-sectarianised. Featuring leading scholars -- and including historians, anthropologists, political scientists and international relations theorists -- this book will redefine the terms of debate on one of the most critical issues in international affairs today.
Download or read book Atlas of Lebanon written by Eric Verdeil and published by Presses de l’Ifpo. This book was released on 2019-10-03 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After fifteen years of reconstruction in a relatively peaceful environment spanning the years 1990 to 2004, Lebanon has experienced successive violent political events resulting from complex entangled internal and external struggles. The Syrian crisis and its political, economic and demographic consequences on Lebanon have increased these tensions. This atlas sheds light on these new challenges and adds new data that complete the analyses already published in the Atlas du Liban. Territoires et société (Atlas of Lebanon. Territories and Society) released in 2007 by the same research team. Some of its components are included in this edition. Beyond the international regional crisis and the population movements, it takes into account Lebanon’s socio-economic dimensions, the environmental issues linked to uncontrolled urbanization and to natural risks, as well as conflicts due to local territorial management. This atlas is the result of a collaborative endeavor between French and Lebanese researchers. It uses a geographical approach that puts in the foreground a spatial analysis of social and natural phenomena. Public sources are scarce in Lebanon, especially at the local scale. They are sometimes less reliable and difficult to access. It is particularly the case for the Lebanese census data, conversely data are abundantly available on the refugees population, which is less known than the population of refugees. International data help compare Lebanon to its neighbors. Thematic data produced by some ministries are helpful to provide a detailed view regarding specific domains. Analyses processed on aerial and satellite images have produced essential data on urbanization and environment. Local thematic fieldwork surveys have provided additional data. The book consists of seven chapters. The first one deals with the territorial state-building seen in the light of regional geopolitics, and emphasizes internal violence and the reemergence of militias and armed groups that fight each other and the state army. Lebanon is once again perceived as a territory divided between multiple allegiances. The second chapter is devoted to the analysis of population dynamics, despite the lack of reliable data whose sources are subject to discussion. It includes analyses of internal population flows, the Lebanese diaspora, and the assessment of Syrian refugees’ influx. The third chapter shows the fragility of the Lebanese economic model. Its dependency on foreign investments and on...
