Download or read book Impact of Social Support Self efficacy and Outcome Expectations on Self care Behaviors and Glycemic Control in Caucasian and African American Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus written by Diane Orr Chlebowy and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Caucasians and African-Americans with type 2 diabetes continue to experience preventable diabetes-related life-threatening complications despite medical advances and health care availability. African-Americans are more likely to suffer from diabetes-related complications and experience a higher diabetes-related mortality rate than Caucasians. There is a definite need to better understand the relationship of psychosocial variables to diabetes control in these two racial groups. The purpose of this two-group, comparative, descriptive study was to examine the relationships of social support, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations (beliefs that diabetes-related behaviors will lead to certain outcomes) to self-care behaviors and glycemic control in Caucasian and African-American adults with type 2 diabetes. A convenience sample of 91 Caucasian and African-American subjects receiving health care at three outpatient facilities participated in the study. All subjects completed four self-report measures: Social Support Questionnaire, Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Outcome Expectancy Questionnaire, and the Diabetes Activities Questionnaire at the time of the outpatient visit. Long-term glycemic control was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin analyses at the time of the outpatient visit. Two-sample t-tests revealed no significant differences between the two racial groups in regards to age (p = .81), duration of diabetes (p = .69), and glycosylated hemoglobin (p = .85). Chi-square analyses revealed two significant differences between the two racial groups with regard to sex (p = .04) and marital status (p

Download or read book Psychosocial Care for People with Diabetes written by Deborah Young-Hyman and published by American Diabetes Association. This book was released on 2012-12-25 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychosocial Care for People with Diabetes describes the major psychosocial issues which impact living with and self-management of diabetes and its related diseases, and provides treatment recommendations based on proven interventions and expert opinion. The book is comprehensive and provides the practitioner with guidelines to access and prescribe treatment for psychosocial problems commonly associated with living with diabetes.

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Wiley Handbook of Healthcare Treatment Engagement written by Andrew Hadler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-30 with total page 830 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2021 PROSE Award for CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY and PSYCHIATRY Against a global backdrop of problematic adherence to medical treatment, this volume addresses and provides practical solutions to the simple question: "Why don't patients take treatments that could save their lives?" The Wiley handbook of Healthcare Treatment Engagement offers a guide to the theory, research and clinical practice of promoting patient engagement in healthcare treatment at individual, organizational and systems levels. The concept of treatment engagement, as explained within the text, promotes a broader view than the related concept of treatment adherence. Treatment engagement encompasses more readily the lifestyle factors which may impact healthcare outcomes as much as medication-taking, as well as practical, economic and cultural factors which may determine access to treatment. Over a span of 32 chapters, an international panel of expert authors address this far-reaching and fascinating field, describing a broad range of evidence-based approaches which stand to improve clinical services and treatment outcomes, as well as the experience of users of healthcare service and practitioners alike. This comprehensive volume adopts an interdisciplinary approach to offer an understanding of the factors governing our healthcare systems and the motivations and behaviors of patients, clinicians and organizations. Presented in a user-friendly format for quick reference, the text first supports the reader’s understanding by exploring background topics such as the considerable impact of sub-optimal treatment adherence on healthcare outcomes, before describing practical clinical approaches to promote engagement in treatment, including chapters referring to specific patient populations. The text recognizes the support which may be required throughout the depth of each healthcare organization to promote patient engagement, and in the final section of the book, describes approaches to inform the development of healthcare services with which patients will be more likely to seek to engage. This important book: Provides a comprehensive summary of practical approaches developed across a wide range of clinical settings, integrating research findings and clinical literature from a variety of disciplines Introduces and compliments existing approaches to improve communication in healthcare settings and promote patient choice in planning treatment Presents a range of proven clinical solutions that will appeal to those seeking to improve outcomes on a budget Written for health professionals from all disciplines of clinical practice, as well as service planners and policy makers, The Wiley Handbook of Healthcare Treatment Engagement is a comprehensive guide for individual practitioners and organizations alike. 2021 PROSE Biological and Life Sciences Category for Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry

Download or read book Social Computing and Social Media written by Gabriele Meiselwitz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-18 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Social Computing and Social Media, SCSM 2015, held as part of the 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2015, held in Los Angeles, CA, USA, in August 2015. The total of 1462 papers and 246 poster papers presented at the HCII 2015 conferences was carefully reviewed and selected from 4843 submissions. These papers address the latest research and development efforts and highlight the human aspects of design and use of computing systems. The papers accepted for presentation thoroughly cover the entire field of human-computer interaction, addressing major advances in knowledge and effective use of computers in a variety of application areas. The 25 contributions included in the SCSM 2015 proceedings were organized in the following topical sections: designing social media; social network analysis; and individual and group behaviour in social media.

Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Predicting Treatment Success written by Emily DiNatale and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rural African American women have greater prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and poorer treatment outcomes compared to Caucasians. Some research suggests that self-efficacy, subjective norms, and locus of control (LOC) impact this population differently and may be linked to behavioral treatment outcomes. However, these relationships have not been directly examined. EMPOWER, a culturally-tailored T2DM intervention that utilizes community health workers (CHWs) to provide patient-centered care using a Small Changes Model (SCM), was developed as an innovative treatment approach for African American women. This study was designed to explore the best predictors of treatment success within the EMPOWER program and to determine whether self-efficacy, subjective norms, and LOC impact outcomes. Assessments utilized program results of two hundred middle aged (age=53.45±10.24) obese (BMI=37.67±8.02) African American women with poorly-controlled diabetes (HbA1c=9.09±1.83) enrolled in EMPOWER. Half (n=102) were randomly assigned to a phone-based EMPOWER group while half (n=98) were assigned to a mail-based didactic comparative group. Weight, HbA1c, medication adherence, self-care behaviors, self-efficacy, and depression were measured at 0, 6, and 12-months. At 12-month follow-up, subjective norms and LOC were measured. Repeated measures ANOVAs indicated that both groups had a reduction in weight F(1.82, 197)=4.15, p=0.020, [eta]2=0.021 but no changes in HbA1c. Independent samples t-tests revealed a significant difference in God LOC between the EMPOWER group (M=19.16, SD=8.20) and the Mail group (M=22.42, SD=7.48; t(143)=-2.49, p=0.014) and between participants who used insulin (M=21.86, SD=7.55) and those who do not (M=18.88, SD=8.21; t(139)=-2.18, p=0.031). Theoretically-based moderated-mediation models assessed self-efficacy and subjective norms as mediators and God and Internal LOC as moderators of outcomes. While no mediation interactions were found, models revealed that subjective norms significantly impacted self-care behavior change ([beta]=1.48, p=0.037). God LOC served as a moderator that enhanced this relationship ([beta]=0.078, p=0.013). Results suggest that subjective norms may play a more important role in diabetes management behavior change among African American women than previously understood. Further, God LOC was shown to be an important and complex treatment factor that likely relates to both internal and external LOC. These findings have important implications for future health behavior change programs for African American women.

Download or read book Reducing Oral Health Disparities What Can We Learn from Social Environmental and Cultural Factors written by Tamanna Tiwari and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-12-05 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oral health disparities are profound worldwide, and they affect the quality of life of individuals of all age groups. Disparities in oral health are seen in racial and ethnic minorities, at different socioeconomic levels and due to differences in environment and cultural factors. Several determinants of oral health have been identified at the population, community, family and individual levels. These determinants represent a complex interplay of the social, biological, cultural and economic factors that in turn affect the oral health behaviors, environmental exposures, health care utilization. To date, biological factors related to oral diseases have received much attention in oral health research; whilst social and cultural determinants have just started to receive recognition for their role in oral disease development and progression. This research highlights that interventions designed to reduce disparities should adopt a multi-level approach in order to identify the modifiable mechanisms and target all determinants of oral health disparities. In this Research Topic, we will focus on the role of social, environmental and cultural factors in the development and progression of oral diseases, their role in oral health disparities and interventions focusing on these factors to improve oral health and reduce disparities.

Download or read book Self Management in Chronic Illness written by Jose Frantz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-20 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-management is a term that was used as early as the 1960s when it was applied during the rehabilitation of chronically ill children. Subsequently, self-management was applied as formalized programs for a variety of populations and health issues. In reflecting on self-management, it is important to note that it would be difficult for individuals not to be aware of their specific health behaviors, which could include unhealthy behaviors. As self-management has evolved, essential skills identified include behavioral modeling, decision making, planning, social persuasion, locating, accessing and utilizing resources, assisting individuals to form partnerships with their health care providers and taking action. These are key skills that would benefit health professional educators, clinicians and patients. This book, consisting of three parts, provides insights into the aspects of self-management as it relates to its definition and application. It highlights how self-management can be applied to various long-term health conditions, for different populations or target groups and in different contexts. The text provides an overview of self-management and the rationale for its applications by illustrating its use in specific clinical conditions and in different sub-populations and target groups. Academics can use the book as a textbook when teaching postgraduate and undergraduate students about self-management as a technique to facilitate community reintegration for individuals living with long-term conditions. It can also be used by clinicians to enhance their management of individuals with long-term conditions. Furthermore, researchers can use the text to expand and support their research in this area.

Download or read book Speaking of Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-12-11 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are what we eat. That old expression seems particularly poignant every time we have our blood drawn for a routine physical to check our cholesterol levels. And, it's not just what we eat that affects our health. Whole ranges of behaviors ultimately make a difference in how we feel and how we maintain our health. Lifestyle choices have enormous impact on our health and well being. But, how do we communicate the language of good health so that it is uniformly received-and accepted-by people from different cultures and backgrounds? Take, for example, the case of a 66 year old Latina. She has been told by her doctor that she should have a mammogram. But her sense of fatalism tells her that it is better not to know if anything is wrong. To know that something is wrong will cause her distress and this may well lead to even more health problems. Before she leaves her doctor's office she has decided not to have a mammogram-that is until her doctor points out that having a mammogram is a way to take care of herself so that she can continue to take care of her family. In this way, the decision to have a mammogram feels like a positive step. Public health communicators and health professionals face dilemmas like this every day. Speaking of Health looks at the challenges of delivering important messages to different audiences. Using case studies in the areas of diabetes, mammography, and mass communication campaigns, it examines the ways in which messages must be adapted to the unique informational needs of their audiences if they are to have any real impact. Speaking of Health looks at basic theories of communication and behavior change and focuses on where they apply and where they don't. By suggesting creative strategies and guidelines for speaking to diverse audiences now and in the future, the Institute of Medicine seeks to take health communication into the 21st century. In an age where we are inundated by multiple messages every day, this book will be a critical tool for all who are interested in communicating with diverse communities about health issues.

Download or read book Effects of a Peer led Educational Intervention on Support Resources Self effcacy Depression Beliefs and Self management Behaviors in Latinos with Type 2 Diabetes written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects roughly 20 million individuals in the US and this amount is projected to more than double by the year 2034. Latinos are at disproportionately greater risk for developing T2DM and often exhibit poorer adherence to diabetes self-management recommendations, and in turn, worse glycemic control and more diabetes-related complications, compared to non-Latino Whites. Project Dulce was a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of a peer-educator led, culturally-appropriate intervention designed to improve diabetes self-management and glycemic control among Latinos with poorly controlled diabetes. The current project investigated the effects of the Project Dulce intervention on diabetes self-management behavior, support resources, self-efficacy, depressive symptomatology, and culture-based beliefs about diabetes, using the Resources and Supports for Self-Management (RSSM) as a conceptual framework. Study participants (N = 207) completed clinical and self-report assessments at baseline, post-intervention (4 months), and follow-up (10 months). Study hypotheses were evaluated via multi-level models using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) 6.08. The study aimed to assess whether the Project Dulce peer-education group exhibited greater improvements over time in diabetes self-management behaviors, depressive symptoms, support resources for disease management and self-efficacy, as well as culture-based beliefs about diabetes, compared to the control ("care as usual") group. An exploratory aim of the study investigated whether "dosage" (i.e., classes attended) was associated with greater improvements in the Project Dulce intervention group. Analyses revealed improvements in dietary self-management behaviors, depressive symptomatology, self-efficacy, culture-based beliefs about diabetes, support resources for disease management (i.e., friends and family, healthcare providers, neighborhood, and personal support), and self-efficacy, over time, across groups. Analyses also revealed that Project Dulce group participants showed greater improvements in personal support resources for disease management and endorsed fewer culture-based beliefs about diabetes over time, compared to the control group. Furthermore, "dosage" (attendance) analyses, including only Project Dulce group participants, revealed that greater dosage (i.e., attending more sessions) led to greater improvements over time in support resources for disease management (self and neighborhood support), as well as exercise and blood-glucose checking self-management behaviors, compared to those who attended fewer classes. Although analyses revealed that Project Dulce group participants showed improvements over time with increased attendance, this was not significantly greater than improvements experienced by the control group. Possible explanations for improvements in the control group may relate to participants' motivation for change, or contact with the peer-educator during assessments which may have conveyed support or may have created expectancy effects (i.e., "social desirability effects") leading to biased self-report responding. Findings from "Dosage" analyses (including Project Dulce group participants only) indicate that individuals with type 2 diabetes who enroll in the Project Dulce intervention and attend more classes may experience greater support resources from their neighborhood and self-support, which may lead to improved self-management behavior, compared to individuals who attend fewer classes. Distinction of assessor and interventionist roles, and use of objective behavioral data collection methods, may shed light on the degree to which interventions such as Project Dulce can modify health behavior among this high-risk population.

Download or read book Self efficacy and Social Support as Predictors of Diabetic Self care written by Mary Katherine Crabtree and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evidence Helping people help themselves written by Debra de Silva and published by The Health Foundation. This book was released on 2011 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Barriers Self efficacy and the Direct and Indirect Effects of Diabetes specific Cultural Beliefs on Health Status in a Community Sample of Diabetic Patients written by Lise Flores and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents a daunting self-management challenge due to its complicated daily treatment regimen which includes adhering to diet, exercise, and medication recommendations. Little research has evaluated perceived barriers to diabetes self-care in a group that is at particular risk for diabetic complications: U.S. Latinos. This study had two aims. The first was to provide evidence that experimental and validated self-report instruments selected for this study functioned in a comparable manner in both Spanish and English in a sample of low income, predominantly Spanish-speaking diabetic patients (n = 77). The second aim was to examine hypothesized relationships of selected predictors to two criterion variables measuring health status (i.e., glycosylated hemoglobin A1c and Diabetes Impact) using a method described by Baron & Kenny (1986). Predictors included age, education, and income as covariates, and perceived environmental barriers to self-care, self-efficacy for treatment adherence, fatalistic beliefs (external health locus of control), and Latino cultural diabetes beliefs. Potential moderator and mediator variables of the relationship between perceived barriers to self care and criterion variables included self-efficacy for treatment adherence, fatalistic beliefs and Latino cultural diabetes beliefs. Scales used in this study had coefficient alpha values ranging from .82-.96 in Spanish and .74-.97 in English and also demonstrated strong factor structure integrity. Bivariate correlations indicated that higher scores on perceived barriers to self-care were significantly related to lower self-efficacy scores [r = −.34, p

Download or read book The Influence of Self efficacy and Spirituality on Self care Behaviors and Glycemic Control in Older African Americans with Type 2 Diabetes written by Henrietta H. Hanna and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Health Communication Behavior Change and Treatment Adherence written by Leslie R. Martin and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-11 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume brings together top-notch scientists and practitioners to illustrate intersections between health communication, behavior change, and treatment adherence.

Download or read book Handbook of Psychology and Diabetes written by Clare Bradley and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook fulfils a pressing need within the area of psychological measurement in diabetes research and practice by providing access to material which has either been widely dispersed through the psychological and medical literature or has not previously been published. Journal articles describing the psychometric development of scales have rarely included the scales themselves but this book includes copies of scales and a wealth of additional information from unpublished theses, reports and recent manuscripts. You will find information about the reliability, validity, scoring, norms, and use of the measures in previous research presented in one volume. The Handbook is designed to help researchers and clinicians: - To select scales suitable for their purposes - To administer and score the scales correctly - To interpret the results appropriately. Dr. Clare Bradley is Reader in Health Psychology and Director of the Diabetes Research Group at Royal Holloway, University of London. Dr. Bradley and her research group have designed, developed and used a wide variety of measures of psychological processes and outcomes. Many of these measures have been designed and developed specifically for people with diabetes. Together with diabetes-specific psychological measures developed by other researchers internationally, these instruments have played an important part in facilitating patient-centred approaches to diabetes research and clinical practice.