Download or read book Impact of Maternal High fat Consumption on Offspring Exercise Performance Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism and Obesity Susceptibility written by Juliane Kasch and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Obesity is thought to be the consequence of an unhealthy nutrition and a lack of physical activity. Although the resulting metabolic alterations such as impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity can usually be improved by physical activity, some obese patients fail to enhance skeletal muscle metabolic health with exercise training. Since this might be largely heritable, maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is hypothesized to impair offspring skeletal muscle physiology. Objectives: This PhD thesis aims to investigate the consequences of maternal high-fat diet (mHFD) consumption on offspring skeletal muscle physiology and exercise performance. We could show that maternal high-fat diet during gestation and lactation decreases the offspring's training efficiency and endurance performance by influencing the epigenetic profile of their skeletal muscle and altering the adaptation to an acute exercise bout, which in long-term, increases offspring obesity susceptibility. Experimental setup: To investigate ...
Download or read book Impact of Maternal High fat Consumption on Offspring Exercise Performance Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism and Obesity Susceptibility written by Juliane Kasch and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Obesity is thought to be the consequence of an unhealthy nutrition and a lack of physical activity. Although the resulting metabolic alterations such as impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity can usually be improved by physical activity, some obese patients fail to enhance skeletal muscle metabolic health with exercise training. Since this might be largely heritable, maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is hypothesized to impair offspring skeletal muscle physiology. Objectives: This PhD thesis aims to investigate the consequences of maternal high-fat diet (mHFD) consumption on offspring skeletal muscle physiology and exercise performance. We could show that maternal high-fat diet during gestation and lactation decreases the offspring's training efficiency and endurance performance by influencing the epigenetic profile of their skeletal muscle and altering the adaptation to an acute exercise bout, which in long-term, increases offspring obesity susceptibility. Experimental setup: To investigate ...
Download or read book Impaired Developmental and Metabolic Processes Within the Skeletal Muscle in Response to High Fat Diet written by Liang Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity has become a major health concern due to its close associations with the development of multiple metabolic syndromes. Disruption of the skeletal muscle under the challenge of obesity has severe adverse outcomes on the systematic metabolism. Obesity during the pregnancy impairs the developmental progress in the offspring which predisposes the risks of metabolic disorders later in life. A better understanding of the impairments caused by obesity to the skeletal muscle and the underlying mechanism are urgently needed to help with the prevention of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunctions. In this dissertation, the impairments of obesity to the skeletal muscle were examined both at the embryonic and adult stages. (1) Using single-cell transcriptomic analysis, we found that maternal obesity enhanced a hypoxic state in the mouse embryos at embryonic 9.5 day, accompanied by increased glycolysis, decreased oxidative phosphorylation and elevated oxidative stress. The bone morphogen protein signaling transduction within the dermomyotome was enhanced by maternal obesity, which attenuated the myogenic differentiation by suppressing the expression of an important myogenic regulator, Mef2c. The myogenic inhibitory function of the hypoxia regulator, HIF1A, was achieved through up-regulation of the down-stream effector of Notch signaling, Hes1. Maternal obesity-attenuated myogenic differentiation at the embryonic stage may account for the impairments in muscle growth and function at later lives. (2) Retinoic acid signaling in fibro/adipogenic progenitors was found to facilitate the myofiber regeneration after injury as well as to suppress their ectopic differentiation into adipocytes. Decreased retinoic acid signaling in the skeletal muscle caused by obesity disrupted the physiological functions of fibro/adipogenic progenitors, which resulted in failed muscle repair with enhanced lipid and fibrosis accumulation. (3) AMPK[alpha]1 was identified as an important mediator for the beneficial effects of raspberry supplementation on alleviating inflammatory responses and promoting insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle of obese mice. Taken together, our studies provide us with a better understanding of obesity-induced impairments to the skeletal muscle at both the embryonic and adult stages. Signaling mechanisms identified in these studies provide theoretic supports to the therapeutic treatments of obesity and associated metabolic syndromes.
Download or read book Nutrition Thrift and Metabolism written by Marisol Imani Dothard and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity is a health issue that is affecting an ever-increasing number of people around the world. Increasing obesity rates are particularly troubling because much evidence has been reported that maternal diet before and during pregnancy can increase the likelihood of obesity in the next generation, through epigenetic and obesity-related developmental changes. Extremely low fat maternal diets have also been shown to have transgenerational effects on health, including evidence for a "thrifty phenotype" hypothesis that supposes the intrauterine conditions prepare the offspring for the outside world based on the nutritional environment available during fetal development; therefore, offspring exposed to low fat intrauterine environments but much higher fat diets outside of this environment are more at risk for obesity and other metabolic dysfunction. In order to test the transgenerational relationship between maternal diet and offspring health, Danio rerio females were fed either a high fat diet (HFD), control diet, or low fat diet (LFD) for several months and crossed with males on the control diet. This study reports that significant differences in offspring early motor behaviour were observed were observed in offspring sired from HFD and LFD mothers, both from the control and from each other. These results indicate possible effects on skeletal muscle and neural development. Significant differences in appetite were also observed between control and HFD, and between HFD and LFD. These results may indicate changes in the secretion of satiety-related hormones in these offspring. HFD and LFD females also showed evidence of decreased fertility and increased offspring mortality rates. These data indicate that maternal diet before and during pregnancy may have far reaching effects on the development and general health of the offspring.
Download or read book Effects of Maternal High Fat Diet Consumption on Offspring Letpin Signaling and Brain Development written by Sophie Corinne Trombetta and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Weight Management written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-12-01 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary purpose of fitness and body composition standards in the U.S. Armed Forces has always been to select individuals best suited to the physical demands of military service, based on the assumption that proper body weight and composition supports good health, physical fitness, and appropriate military appearance. The current epidemic of overweight and obesity in the United States affects the military services. The pool of available recruits is reduced because of failure to meet body composition standards for entry into the services and a high percentage of individuals exceeding military weight-for-height standards at the time of entry into the service leave the military before completing their term of enlistment. To aid in developing strategies for prevention and remediation of overweight in military personnel, the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command requested the Committee on Military Nutrition Research to review the scientific evidence for: factors that influence body weight, optimal components of a weight loss and weight maintenance program, and the role of gender, age, and ethnicity in weight management.
Download or read book Obesogenic Environmental Conditions Affect Neurodevelopment and Neurodegeneration written by Gustavo Pacheco-Lopez and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-09-23 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Computational Methods for the Analysis of Genomic Data and Biological Processes written by Francisco A. Gómez Vela and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-02-05 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, new technologies have made remarkable progress in helping to understand biological systems. Rapid advances in genomic profiling techniques such as microarrays or high-performance sequencing have brought new opportunities and challenges in the fields of computational biology and bioinformatics. Such genetic sequencing techniques allow large amounts of data to be produced, whose analysis and cross-integration could provide a complete view of organisms. As a result, it is necessary to develop new techniques and algorithms that carry out an analysis of these data with reliability and efficiency. This Special Issue collected the latest advances in the field of computational methods for the analysis of gene expression data, and, in particular, the modeling of biological processes. Here we present eleven works selected to be published in this Special Issue due to their interest, quality, and originality.
Download or read book Nutrition Epigenetic Mechanisms and Human Disease written by Nilanjana Maulik and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-12-03 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As nutrition research is shifting its focus from epidemiology and physiology to effects of nutrients at the molecular level, a uniquely tailored diet that corresponds to the demands of our genetic signature is emerging as an indispensable need. Using high-throughput genomic tools, nutrigenomics unravels the influence of micro- and macronutrients as
Download or read book Frailty and Sarcopenia written by Yannis Dionyssiotis and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-08-30 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frailty is considered a multisystem impairment that makes an individual vulnerable to external or internal stressors. Sarcopenia, the age-dependent loss of muscle mass and function, is proposed as the biological substrate and the pathway whereby the consequences of physical frailty develop. These syndromes are associated with a negative impact in quality of life and can lead to the occurrence of disability, institutionalization, and even mortality. The book focuses upon all the related aspects of frailty and sarcopenia and the new advancements in the related treatments including complex issues and research. It includes high-quality chapters in all related aspects for the syndromes of sarcopenia and frailty, which adversely affect the function and overall effectiveness of the musculoskeletal system and interventions to promote rehabilitation.
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book Educating the Student Body written by Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-11-13 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.
Download or read book Exercise and Diabetes written by Sheri R. Colberg and published by American Diabetes Association. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical movement has a positive effect on physical fitness, morbidity, and mortality in individuals with diabetes. Although exercise has long been considered a cornerstone of diabetes management, many health care providers fail to prescribe it. In addition, many fitness professionals may be unaware of the complexities of including physical activity in the management of diabetes. Giving patients or clients a full exercise prescription that take other chronic conditions commonly accompanying diabetes into account may be too time-consuming for or beyond the expertise of many health care and fitness professionals. The purpose of this book is to cover the recommended types and quantities of physical activities that can and should be undertaken by all individuals with any type of diabetes, along with precautions related to medication use and diabetes-related health complications. Medications used to control diabetes should augment lifestyle improvements like increased daily physical activity rather than replace them. Up until now, professional books with exercise information and prescriptions were not timely or interactive enough to easily provide busy professionals with access to the latest recommendations for each unique patient. However, simply instructing patients to “exercise more” is frequently not motivating or informative enough to get them regularly or safely active. This book is changing all that with its up-to-date and easy-to-prescribe exercise and physical activity recommendations and relevant case studies. Read and learn to quickly prescribe effective and appropriate exercise to everyone.
Download or read book Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes written by Beatrice Morio and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-26 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Comprehensive Review on Mitochondrial Functioning and Involvement in Metabolic Diseases synthesizes discoveries from laboratories around the world, enhancing our understanding of the involvement of mitochondria in the etiology of diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Chapters illustrate and provide an overview of key concepts on topics such as the role of mitochondria in adipose tissue, cancer, cardiovascular comorbidities, skeletal muscle, the liver, kidney, and more. This book is a must-have reference for students and educational teams in biology, physiology and medicine, and researchers. Synthesizes actual knowledge on mitochondrial function Provides an integrated vision of each tissue in the etiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes Identifies the interactive networks that involve alteration in mitochondrial mass and function in disease progression Highlights the role played by mitochondria in the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes
Download or read book Early Nutrition Programming and Health Outcomes in Later Life Obesity and beyond written by Berthold Koletzko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-31 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally and presents a major challenge to policy makers and clinicians alike. Recent research has suggested that obesity has its origins in early life and that early diet can programme a developing fetus’ and young infant’s future susceptibility to obesity. This volume contains recent findings presented at the International Conference on Early Nutrition Programming and Health Outcomes in Later Life: Obesity and Beyond - a satellite meeting of the 15th European Congress on Obesity, held in Budapest in April 2007. Basic scientific research, data from epidemiological studies and clinical trial results were all presented during the programme. This volume includes articles discussing the evidence for an effect of early nutrition programming on later obesity and cardiovascular risk; the growing evidence for an intergenerational cycle of obesity; the role of maternal leptin in programming appetite; possible cellular mechanisms for altered energy balance, including mitochondrial programming and the effects of regulators of metabolism; and how epigenetic changes might be the fundamental underlying mechanism explaining programming effects. Consumer understanding of the concept of early nutrition programming and the extent to which early nutrition programming is taken into account in infant feeding policies are also discussed.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Insulin Action written by Alan R. Saltiel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-05 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. This book attempts to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. It explores insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems.
Download or read book Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1982-07 with total page 1024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
