Download or read book Impact of Market oriented Reforms on the Chinese Iron and Steel Industry written by Yong Cao and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research paper which measures Chinese industrial productivity by studying technical, allocative and scale factors. Presents the econometric methodology and discusses the data used. Includes references.
Download or read book China s Economic Rise written by Congressional Research Service and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-17 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to the initiation of economic reforms and trade liberalization 36 years ago, China maintained policies that kept the economy very poor, stagnant, centrally-controlled, vastly inefficient, and relatively isolated from the global economy. Since opening up to foreign trade and investment and implementing free market reforms in 1979, China has been among the world's fastest-growing economies, with real annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth averaging nearly 10% through 2016. In recent years, China has emerged as a major global economic power. It is now the world's largest economy (on a purchasing power parity basis), manufacturer, merchandise trader, and holder of foreign exchange reserves.The global economic crisis that began in 2008 greatly affected China's economy. China's exports, imports, and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows declined, GDP growth slowed, and millions of Chinese workers reportedly lost their jobs. The Chinese government responded by implementing a $586 billion economic stimulus package and loosening monetary policies to increase bank lending. Such policies enabled China to effectively weather the effects of the sharp global fall in demand for Chinese products, but may have contributed to overcapacity in several industries and increased debt by Chinese firms and local government. China's economy has slowed in recent years. Real GDP growth has slowed in each of the past six years, dropping from 10.6% in 2010 to 6.7% in 2016, and is projected to slow to 5.7% by 2022.The Chinese government has attempted to steer the economy to a "new normal" of slower, but more stable and sustainable, economic growth. Yet, concerns have deepened in recent years over the health of the Chinese economy. On August 11, 2015, the Chinese government announced that the daily reference rate of the renminbi (RMB) would become more "market-oriented." Over the next three days, the RMB depreciated against the dollar and led to charges that China's goal was to boost exports to help stimulate the economy (which some suspect is in worse shape than indicated by official Chinese economic statistics). Concerns over the state of the Chinese economy appear to have often contributed to volatility in global stock indexes in recent years.The ability of China to maintain a rapidly growing economy in the long run will likely depend largely on the ability of the Chinese government to implement comprehensive economic reforms that more quickly hasten China's transition to a free market economy; rebalance the Chinese economy by making consumer demand, rather than exporting and fixed investment, the main engine of economic growth; boost productivity and innovation; address growing income disparities; and enhance environmental protection. The Chinese government has acknowledged that its current economic growth model needs to be altered and has announced several initiatives to address various economic challenges. In November 2013, the Communist Party of China held the Third Plenum of its 18th Party Congress, which outlined a number of broad policy reforms to boost competition and economic efficiency. For example, the communique stated that the market would now play a "decisive" role in allocating resources in the economy. At the same time, however, the communique emphasized the continued important role of the state sector in China's economy. In addition, many foreign firms have complained that the business climate in China has worsened in recent years. Thus, it remains unclear how committed the Chinese government is to implementing new comprehensive economic reforms.China's economic rise has significant implications for the United States and hence is of major interest to Congress. This report provides background on China's economic rise; describes its current economic structure; identifies the challenges China faces to maintain economic growth; and discusses the challenges, opportunities, and implications of China's economic rise.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Mineral and Energy Policy written by Günter Tiess and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-14 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Encyclopedia provides a cutting-edge, up-to-date reference source on mineral and energy policies around the world. It offers information on GDP, population, investment scenarios and current environmental regulations in over one hundred thirty countries from 13 geographic regions around the world. It covers topics such as geo-conservation, deep mining technology as well as rare earth, green technology and international organizations that are actively involved in minerals and energy through exploration, arbitration, marketing and investment. Topical entries are presented alphabetically with extensive cross-referencing to ensure user-friendly reading. This Encyclopedia presents the work of more than 20 section editors and more than 100 international experts in the fields of mineral and energy policies. It is designed as a essential resource for researchers, students, libraries, industry, governments, and international organizations and presents a wealth of insights and guidance for corporate planning regarding exploration and financial investments, as well as for venture capitalist and international funding bodies. As such, it provides an indispensable point of reference for future research on mineral and energy policy.
Download or read book Forging Reform in China written by Edward S. Steinfeld and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The greatest economic challenge facing China in the post-Deng era is the reform of unprofitable, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) which threaten to drag down the rest of the economy. Despite an array of well-intentioned, market-oriented reform measures, these firms have never truly been forced to face the pressure of a bottom line, or the threat of bankruptcy. Forging Reform in China explains how and why these measures have not been sweepingly successful to date, and what it would take to achieve meaningful reform. The author investigates firm-level processes, including case studies of China's steel industry giants, revealing institutional and systemic barriers to market-oriented performance. This book makes a compelling argument that private ownership cannot work in China's current system until governance over complex economic factors has been established, that is, until credit is tightened and market selection processes made to work.
Download or read book The Chinese Steel Industry s Transformation written by Ligang Song and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2012-12-28 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Chinese economic reform and opening to the international economy since the late 1970s have changed the country and the world. The developments in the steel industry through the reform period are central to those changes, illuminative of them, and of immense significance in themselves. This book throws new light on these historic changes for Chinese and foreign readers alike.' - From the foreword by Ross Garnaut, University of Melbourne, Australia
Download or read book The Economic Impact of Government Policy on China s Private Higher Education Sector written by Xiaoying Ma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-03 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the growth of the private higher education sector in China and in addition provides an analysis of some of the key drivers of this growth and impediments to it. What is new about the book is that it combines the results of a series of interviews with work that is more quantitative in nature. The book is of use to not only those engaged in academic research but also those who more generally wish to know more about an educational sector that is growing in importance. The most obvious factors promoting expansion of this sector have been the growth in per capita incomes, higher levels of participation in secondary school education, the strong growth in demand for graduates and the inability of the public sector to keep pace with demand. All of these factors intermingled with the involvement of government regulation. This regulation, however, is not uniform across all of China given the different provincial government departments of education that are also involved in dealing with private higher education institutions. In particular, this book looks at the way in which the Chinese government’s regulatory framework (both national and provincial) influenced the development of the sector and the way in which it operates, especially the private higher education component of that sector. The analysis undertaken finds that there is a link between regulation and the private higher education sector growth and a link between the funding of the government sector. The more intense regulation was, and the more funds provided to the state sector, the less scope there was for the private sector to expand. Growth of the private sector, therefore, did not just depend upon rising demand for higher education overall, but also to a fair degree of tolerance on the part of government. Much of this work, in subsequent years, has been supported by the further changes that have been undertaken in the Chinese higher education sector. Over the years, the growth of the Chinese higher education sector has stabilised, as has the private segment of this sector.
Download or read book The Dynamics of Market oriented Growth of Chinese Firms in Post Maoist China written by Sijin Su and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Market Mechanism and Economic Reforms in China written by William Byrd and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-04 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This theoretical and empirical study of market-oriented reforms in Chinese industry since the late 1970s focuses on the expansion of the market mechanism in the allocation of industrial products and the concurrent decline of directive planning - a strategy that is a crucial component of the ambitious overall reform "package" that Chinese reformers are trying to implement. The expanding role of Chinese industrial goods has had major implications for the functioning and importance of planning which, the author argues, has become largely irrelevant in terms of direct control over short-term allocation.
Download or read book Proceedings of 2014 1st International Conference on Industrial Economics and Industrial Security written by Menggang Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-03 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects 88 papers on the latest fundamental advances in the state of the art and practice of industrial economics and industrial security theories and practices, providing insights to address problems concerning the national economy, social development and economic security. The book is divided into four main sections: Industrial Economics; Industrial Security; Empirical Studies; and others, all of which cover different aspects, such as industrial organization, industrial structure, industrial development, industrial distribution and industrial policies, as well as theories on industrial security in globalization. It also covers four special sessions: Cultural Industry; National Economy; Finance Groups; and International Economics and Trade. The papers in each section describe state-of-art research works that are often oriented towards real-world applications and highlight the benefits of related methods and techniques for developing the emerging field of Industrial Economics and Industrial Security.
Download or read book Productivity Efficiency and Reform in China s Economy written by Kai Yuen Tsui and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Making Of An Economic Superpower The Unlocking China s Secret Of Rapid Industrialization written by Yi Wen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-05-13 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rise of China is no doubt one of the most important events in world economic history since the Industrial Revolution. Mainstream economics, especially the institutional theory of economic development based on a dichotomy of extractive vs. inclusive political institutions, is highly inadequate in explaining China's rise. This book argues that only a radical reinterpretation of the history of the Industrial Revolution and the rise of the West (as incorrectly portrayed by the institutional theory) can fully explain China's growth miracle and why the determined rise of China is unstoppable despite its current 'backward' financial system and political institutions. Conversely, China's spectacular and rapid transformation from an impoverished agrarian society to a formidable industrial superpower sheds considerable light on the fundamental shortcomings of the institutional theory and mainstream 'blackboard' economic models, and provides more-accurate reevaluations of historical episodes such as Africa's enduring poverty trap despite radical political and economic reforms, Latin America's lost decades and frequent debt crises, 19th century Europe's great escape from the Malthusian trap, and the Industrial Revolution itself.
Download or read book China s Economy written by Iris Claus and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-16 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of critical surveys provides readers with a range of up-to-date work from leading scholars in the area, writing on some of the key issues facing China, as they survey the present and future challenges of the Chinese economy Nine papers provide detailed discussion on key aspects of the past, present and future of the Chinese economy Leaders in their relevant fields of scholarship tackle some of the critical issues facing China Contributors identify common themes, including the household registration system, urbanization, demographic transition, inequality and the sustainability of economic growth Articles provide a critical review of the literature and discuss policy implications and areas for future research
Download or read book China s Economic Conditions written by Wayne M. Morrison and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the initiation of economic reforms and trade liberalization 30 years ago, China has been one of the world¿s fastest-growing economies and has emerged as a major economic and trade power. China¿s economy and economic policies are of major concern to many U.S. policymakers. Contents of this report: Most Recent Developments; An Overview of China¿s Economic Development; Measuring the Size of China¿s Economy; Foreign Direct Investment in China; China¿s Trade Patterns; China¿s Growing Overseas Direct Investment; Major Long-Term Challenges Facing the Chinese Economy; Fallout From the Current Global Financial Crisis. Charts and tables.
Download or read book Growth Mechanisms and Sustainability written by Jun Ma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-16 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a broad investigation of various issues in East Asia’s steel industry since the 1980s, including international specialization and trade relations, the sustainable use of resources, technological innovations, and environmental mitigation, alongside a consideration of the rapid growth in Chinese steel industry. Using macro and firm-level data, and case studies based on field research to discuss issues concerning the steel industry in East Asia. In search of an easy understanding, we try to simplify complicated economic models and statistical analyses, and concentrate on policy implications based as much as possible on the results of empirical analyses. We believe that this book will be of interest to policymakers, economists, practitioners and advocates of sustainability.
Download or read book China s State Owned Enterprise Reforms written by Leila Fernandez-Stembridge and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-01-24 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using case studies and interviews, this book gives an in-depth analysis of eleven industries outlining their transformation process including the influence of WTO membership, the state of competition and the challenges ahead.
Download or read book Industrial Reform in China written by Keijiro Otsuka and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial Reform in China is the first major attempt to explore the success of China's economic reform using studies of specific industries: the clothing, machine tool, and iron and steel industries, supplemented by analysis of official statistics. Particular emphasis is placed on thecomparison of management and production efficiency between township-village enterprises (TVEs) and state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The authors discover that the efficiency of TVEs has been enhanced by the transfer of technology, know-how, and marketing capacity from SOEs. In contrast, reform ofstate enterprises was found to have had limited impact. Given the enormous differences in efficiency between private and public ownership, it is clear that TVEs will continue to overwhelm SOEs, a process which will in time transform the Chinese economy into a true market-based system.
Download or read book Beyond Market Driven Development written by Costas Lapavitsas and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-04-11 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because their economies were regulated, their financial systems ‘repressed’ and their states interventionist, for many years the countries of East Asia challenged the Washington consensus, offering an alternative development paradigm. However, in the 1990’s, Asian capitalism was disrupted following Japan’s stagnation and the financial crisis of 1997-98. Treading the unexplored theoretical terrain created by the simultaneous decline of the Washington Consensus and Asian developmentalism, this revealing book analyzes the comparative political economy of East Asia and Latin America. Divided into four key sections, it covers: Theoretical Framework Results of Globalization Converging and Diverging of Paths of Economic Development Finance and Regionalism. Through the juxtaposition of countries in East Asia and Latin America, leading academics analyze the impact of government intervention, institutional malfunction, social transformation and financial change as well as conflict and power on economic development. This book will prove to be invaluable to students and academics of development economics.
