Download or read book Impact of Increasing Level of Milk Production on Cow and Calf Behavior and Performance in the Nebraska Sandhills written by Selby L. Boerman and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selection for increased milk production across the United States has resulted in variable cow and calf production responses. Better understanding of calf nursing and grazing behaviors may provide opportunities to help estimate how milk and grazed forage intake influence variability in calf performance. In a 2-yr study, cow-calf pairs (n = 65) were equipped with neck collars containing global positioning system (GPS) units to validate the efficacy of high-frequency GPS data to accurately identify calf nursing events and grazing behavior. Data were collected during 3-wk tracking periods during early lactation (calf age 65.4 ± 10.0 d; EARLY) and late lactation (calf age 162 ± 22.3 d; LATE). Calf behavior was visually observed for a total of 350 hrs and was used in a training dataset for a random forest (RF) classification model. Out of bag (OOB) estimates of individual behaviors indicated relatively low misclassification error rates, less than 4%, suggesting that high frequency GPS tracking can be used to effectively classify calf nursing and grazing behaviors. Behavior prediction results in this study match ranges reported in previous literature, supporting the efficacy of this technique to assess behavior in beef calves. In a 2-yr study, crossbred cow-calf pairs (n = 118) from March- and May-calving herds were used to determine the impact of increasing total milk production on cow body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), reproductive performance, calf BW, and calf average daily gain (ADG). On approximately 30, 60, 90, 120, and 210 d postpartum, individual cow 24-h milk yield was estimated with weigh-suckle-weigh techniques. Milk area under the curve (AUC) values were calculated and data were analyzed using linear regression analysis. Cow BW, BW change, and reproductive performance were not (P > 0.12) associated with milk AUC, except for a tendency (P = 0.09) for lower BW at breeding. At weaning, cow BCS was negatively associated (P = 0.09) with increasing milk AUC but was not associated at any other physiological stage. A significant positive association with calf average daily gain (ADG) was observed from birth to age 120 d and a tendency (P = 0.09) for a positive association was observed from age 120 d to weaning. Steer ADG in the finishing phase was not (P = 0.63) associated with dam milk production. In this environment, increasing milk production had a positive increase in calf growth during the pre-weaning phase without any negative impacts on overall cow-calf production.
Download or read book Using Strategic Supplementation to Enhance Cow calf Productivity in Summer Calving Herds in the Nebraska Sandhills written by Nicole M. Woita and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Young range beef cows consuming low-quality forage may result in an imbalance of energy and metabolizable protein, which can negatively affect the nutrient status of the cow and reproductive performance. In a 2-yr study conducted at Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory near Whitman, NE, 2- and 3-yr-old May-calving range cows (n = 181) grazing native range were individually supplemented daily with one of four supplements: 1) mineral with a target intake of 113 g/d (MIN), 2) MIN with 200 mg per head of Rumensin to with a target intake of 113 g/d (RUM), 3) MIN with a 226 g/d of high RUP sources with a target intake of 340 g/d (RUP), or 4) dried distiller grains at a rate of 907 g/d (DDG). Each year, supplementation started approximately 30 d before the breeding season and continued throughout the 45-d breeding season. Cow body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), and blood samples were taken biweekly beginning 40 d postpartum and ending 125 d postpartum. Milk production was collected at approximately 60 d postpartum. Cow BW, BW change, and BCS were not different (P ≥ 0.29) between supplementation treatment. Pregnancy rates were 82, 83, 92, and 89% for MIN, RUM, RUP, and DDG fed cows, respectively (P = 0.76). Calf BW at birth, 60-d BW, and 205-d BW were not affected (P ≥ 0.19) by dam supplementation. Cows receiving DDG had increased (P = 0.05) circulating serum glucose concentrations compared to MIN, with no difference between RUM and RUP. Cows receiving DDG and RUP had increased (P = 0.01) circulating serum urea nitrogen concentrations. Postpartum supplements did not affect (P = 0.13) circulating serum non-esterified fatty acid concentration. Milk production was not affected (P ≥ 0.11) by postpartum supplements. The results from this study suggest that supplying RUP, energy, or ionophores did not increase cow BW or BCS but, cows were able to maintain these metrics. However, additional protein and energy tended to increase glucose and serum urea nitrogen. The number of years and cows in this study may not have been enough to find differences among supplementation strategies; however, additional years and data may change observed results in this study.
Download or read book Effects of Late Gestation Supplementation and Creep Feeding on Spring Calving Beef Cows in the Nebraska Sandhills written by Devin Lynn Broadhead and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this research were to 1) evaluate the effects of late gestation supplementation, synchronization and creep feeding on cow and calf production traits 2) evaluate the pooled effects of 5 studies involving late gestation supplementation on cow and calf traits. Experiment 1 was a three year study conducted on 8 pastures at the Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory. Cows were assigned to 1 of 4 late-gestation supplementation treatments, postpartum progestin or control, and 1 of 2 creep feed treatments to make up a 4 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Calves were followed through to slaughter. Experiment 2 involved 5 studies all conducted at the UNL Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory. Studies were pooled based on similar treatments of late gestation supplementation on dormant upland pasture or meadow and different weaning periods. Cow and calf data was analyzed for various traits. Within Experiment 1 all three levels of supplementation increased cow BW and BCS, while the non-supplemented decreased in both. Supplementation treatments did not affect reproductive efficiency such as calving date, calving rate, weaning rate or pregnancy rate. Synchronization had similar results as there were no effects on reproductive measures or calf BW. Supplementation to cows had no effect on calf production traits through slaughter. Creep feeding calves significantly increased calf BW at weaning, yield grade and 12th rib fat. However on a cost/ benefit analysis creep feeding under these conditions added no value on profitability. Different results were achieved with the larger data set of late gestation supplementation. The pooled analysis demonstrated significant effects from supplementation on cow pregnancy rate, adjusted calf BW at weaning but no effect on carcass characteristics. March systems had a higher average pair feed cost but lower cow replacement cost compared to May. The March calving system had higher average net returns based on 9 yrs of market data compared to a May calving system. These studies indicate the effect and importance of late gestation supplementation on cow and calf productivity in a spring calving herd. Cow-calf producers should carefully consider calving system utilization based on their unique production goals.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact of Milk Production Level on Beef Cow calf Productivity in Tennessee written by Sarah Rebecca Edwards and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The beef cattle industry tends to focus on selecting production traits with the purpose of maximizing cow-calf performance. One such trait is milking ability, which is considered the primary influence on weaning weight of the calf. But, it can also have a negative effect on cow reproductive efficiency and cost of production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of actual milk yield on reproductive performance, circulating blood metabolites, and calf performance in beef cows in Tennessee. Data were collected from 239, 3- to 9-yr-old Angus sired beef cows from 3 research centers across Tennessee. On approximately d 58 and 129 postpartum, 24-hr milk production was measured with a modified weigh-suckle-weigh technique using a milking machine. Subsamples of milk were collected for analysis of milk components. Milk yield data were used to classify cows on actual milk yield as High (≥ 10 kg/d), Moderate (8-9 kg/d), or Low (
Download or read book Level of Milk Production in Crossbred Beef Cows and Its Effect on Calf Gain written by Archie C. Clutter and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1991-02 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Milk Level Calf Type and Twin Rearing on Cow and Calf Performance written by Roger Daniel Wyatt and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Level of Milk Production in Range Cows written by Keith Stewart Lusby and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Response of Lactating Dairy Cattle to Increasing Levels of Whole Roasted Soybeans and to Fat Supplementation During Heat Stress written by Donna Marie Knapp and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Heat Stress and Dietary Organic Acid and Pure Botanical Supplementation on Growth and Lactation in Dairy Cattle written by Ananda Barbara Portela Fontoura and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat stress (HS) compromises the gastrointestinal barrier and leads to inflammation in non-ruminants. However, it is unclear whether exposure to environmental conditions that cause HS enhances gastrointestinal permeability with compromised growth and milk production in dairy cattle. Developing nutritional strategies to manage HS in cattle are of importance to the dairy industry. Dietary supplementation of organic acid and pure botanicals (OA/PB) has been shown to improve growth performance by enhancing gastrointestinal health in swine and poultry species. Because the role of dietary OA/PB supplementation in ruminants had not received prior attention, our objectives were to 1) evaluate the effects of HS and dietary OA/PB supplementation on growth in dairy calves, and 2) evaluate the effects of HS and dietary OA/PB supplementation on gastrointestinal permeability and milk production in mid-lactating dairy cows. For study 1, sixty-two weaned heifer and bull calves (62 ± 2 d; 91 ± 10.9 kg) were randomly assigned to one of five groups (n = 11 to 14/group): thermoneutral conditions (TN-Con), HS conditions (HS-Con), TN conditions and pair-fed to HS-Con (TN-PF), HS with low-dose OA/PB (75 mg/kg of body weight [BW]; HS-Low), or HS with high-dose OA/PB (150 mg/kg of BW; HS-High). After a 7-d acclimation period, calves were exposed to TN or HS for a period of 19 d. Blood samples were collected and growth performance was evaluated. We observed that HS-Con calves had reduced growth compared to TN-Con and TN-PF. Regarding dietary OA/PB supplementation, HS-Low partially restored dry matter intake (DMI) without modifying growth performance. Thus, we conclude that dietary OA/PB supplementation does not improve growth performance in heat-stressed calves. For study 2, forty-six multiparous lactating dairy cows (208 ± 4.65 d in milk; 3.0 ± 0.42 lactation; and 39.2 ± 0.26 kg of milk yield) were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 10 to 12/group): TN-Con, HS-Con, TN-PF, or HS supplemented with OA/PB (75 mg/kg of BW; HS-OAPB). Cows acclimated in TN for 7-d, and then exposed to HS or remained in TN for 14-d. Blood and milk samples were collected. Changes in milk production and gastrointestinal permeability were evaluated. We observed that HS-Con cows had reduced DMI, energy-corrected milk yield, and milk protein and lactose yields compared to TN-Con, TN-PF and HS-OAPB cows. Milk- and plasma-urea nitrogen were reduced in HS-OAPB compared to HS-Con cows. Gastrointestinal permeability was greater in HS-Con, relative to TN-Con or TN-PF. We conclude that HS increased gastrointestinal permeability and that OA/PB feeding partially restores lactation performance by increasing DMI and improving intestinal barrier, and thereby enhancing milk yield and nitrogen efficiency.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Influence of Maternal Instinct Stimulated by Calf Contact on the Hormonal Induction of Lactation in the Bovine written by Dennis Marc Bel Isle and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experiment was conducted to determine the effect a newborn calf would have on initial success rate, lactation performance, infertility and progesterone levels during mammogenesis and lactogenesis in dairy cows undergoing hormonal inducement to lactate. Fourteen Holstein, Brown Swiss and Jersey infertile, non-lactating cows, loaned by Pacific Northwest dairymen, were examined to exclude anatomical or pathological causes of infertility. These cows were randomly assigned in equal numbers to two groups. The treatments imposed were as follows: a) The control group received 0.1 mg/kg body weight of 17-beta-estradiol and 0.25 mg/kg body weight of progesterone per day for seven days. The hormones were mixed together in absolute ethanol at concentrations of 20 mg/ml estradiol and 50 mg/ml progesterone. One-half of the dose was administered subcutaneously at 0800 hr and onehalf at 2000 hr each day. b) The experimental group received the same hormone treatment; in addition, a newborn male Holstein calf was placed with each cow at the start of the hormone treatment and remained until the cow began milking. Blood was collected from all cows ever other day beginning the day prior to initiation of treatment, until day 20 or when milking began. Serum was analyzed for progesterone content by a dextran charcoal radioimmunoassay. Milk production was monitored for the initial 90 days of induced lactation and for 305 days on six of the total cows. The initial success rate for both groups was 100% based on the criterion of producing in excess of 10 kg milk/day during the first 30 days of milking. The mean day to first secretion was 10.1 days for the control group and 8.9 days for the experimental group. The success rate suggests that immediate calf contact was not an important influence whereas the overall technique used appears to have been a positive influence on increasing the success rate. The technique used included semi-isolation of each cow from the start of the injection series to time of milking and inducement in the calving area of the facility. Serum progesterone levels averaged 1.5 ± 0.3 ng/ml for both groups on the day preceding the injection series. Progesterone concentration increased to an average maximum level of 3 ng/ml during the injection period for both groups and returned to near normal (1-2 ng/ml) when injections stopped on day 7. Based on a split-plot analysis, the treatment had no significant effect on progesterone levels during the 20 day period measured. The daily hormone level, but not the interaction of days with the treatment, showed significant changes among days. Similarly, a correlation of .38 existed between maximum progesterone level and day of first milk secretion. A negative correlation of -.33 was found between maximum progesterone levels and the day of the estrous cycle treatment began. The correlation was .40 between the day of maximum progesterone level and the day of first secretion. The control group cows produced an extended 305 day mean of 4292 957 kg of milk compared to 4731 ± 711 kg of milk for the experimental group. Total milk production (extended from 90 days) when compared to the previous lactation, was 52% for the control group and 63% for the experimental group. Average milk production, when again compared to the last lactation but based on six complete lactations (305 days), was approximately 80% for both groups. There had been no improvement noted in any of the infertility cases studied during the four month treatment period. Each cow that was not disposed of following the experiment was further observed for improvement of her infertility problem. Of the six remaining cows, none were diagnosed as having conceived; the induced lactation had not altered any of the infertility conditions.
Download or read book The Effects of Dietary Energy on Double suckled Cows Their Calves Performance and Behaviour written by Mohamed Abdus Samad Khan and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Weaning Age Milk Production Level Cow Age Sire Breed and Sire of Calf on Cow calf Production written by Kurt M. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
