Download or read book Impact of Historical and Future Climate Change on the Source Region of the Tigris River Basin written by Aslihan Kol and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Tigris River basin is a transboundary basin shared among Iraq, Turkey, Iran and Syria. The river basin contains extensive water management infrastructure and is the main source for the economic activities in the region. While the Tigris River is a vital resource for this area, scientifically sound studies are limited due to the data scarcity. This study aimed to close this research gap and was conducted to estimate the historical climate conditions and future climate change on the source region of the Tigris River basin for the 21st century. To reconstruct atmospheric and hydrologic data, dynamically downscaled regional climate modeling was utilized over the Upper Tigris, Khbour, Greater Zab, Lesser Zab, Diyala, and Adhaim sub-basins which feed into the Tigris River. A fine resolution (9 km by 9km) hydro-climate study was used for both historical (1960-2010) and future time periods (2020-2100). For the dynamical downscaling, the non-hydrostatic Weather Forecasting (WRF) Model was implemented in this study with a sensitivity evaluation of the cumulus and planetary boundary layer parameterizations. The physically based, spatially distributed hydrological model, WEHY-HCM, was utilized for eight stations at a monthly time scale to investigate the hydrology of the sub-basins. For the historical period, the ERA 20th century data was utilized for atmospheric data reconstruction followed by calibration and validation processes of the WEHY-HCM model for each station. The validated model parameters were further used for future streamflow simulations by means of the dynamically downscaled CMIP5 products for the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. The CCSM4, GFDLESM2M, and MIROC5 GCM projections under these scenarios were dynamically downscaled over the study area. Finally, trend analysis of the results was conducted to investigate the changes in precipitation, temperature, and streamflow under both historical and future climate conditions. This research presents a comprehensive hydro-climate study in the data-scarce Tigris River region with a focus on the response of the precipitation, temperature, and streamflow changes to historical and future climate conditions. The outcomes generated throughout this study can contribute to the transboundary management plans of the region to reduce any negative impacts of climate change on the society and environment. Furthermore, this study describes the challenges and provides recommendations for future research.
Download or read book Building a Regime for the Waters of the Euphrates Tigris River Basin written by Aysegul Kibaroglu and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-10-18 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to a variety of reasons, water resources on the globe are becoming scarcer. The degree of water scarcity and its political, economic and social implications are felt more severely in regions like the Middle East. The Euphrates-Tigris river basin is one of the major sources of water, but also a source of tension in the region. Unless cooperation is achieved among the riparian countries, namely Turkey, Syria and Iraq, in the areas of management, allocation and utilisation of the waters of the Euphrates-Tigris basin, growing scarcity may result not only in conflict, but also in further devastation of an extremely vital source. Recently, water has become a subject matter of international law, and formal and informal deliberations in international conferences have produced general principles and norms for using and managing water resources effectively. Hence, this book is an attempt to put together a meaningful set of principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures of a region-specific regime framework for effective utilisation of the waters of the Euphrates-Tigris river basin with a view to promoting cooperation among the riparian countries.
Download or read book From the mountains to the plains written by Bharati, Luna and published by International Water Management Institute (IWMI). This book was released on 2019-05-13 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impacts of Climate and Human Activities on Water Resources and Quality written by Weili Duan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-30 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the rapid increase of world population, the global water shortage is set to be the major crises of the twenty-first century; that is, population dynamics (growth, age distribution, urbanization and migration) create pressures on freshwater resources due to the increased water demands and pollution. Moreover, water resources management faces a new uncertainty- i.e. the potential for longer-term and more persistent climate change nowadays, which, in coming years, may significantly affect the availability of supply and patterns of water demand. This book mainly focuses on the impact of climate change and human activities on water quality and water resources in Asia Countries. It begins by describing the characteristics of water related disasters in the world. Then, the book analyzes the changes of floods and associated socio-economic damages for whole China over the last century, and assesses water quality and pollution source for the Yangtze River Basin, suggesting water-related disasters would become more intense, longer lasting, and/or more frequent in a future warmer climate. Then, after investigating spatiotemporal trends and causes of water quality and water quality incidents (Chapter 4) and precipitation extreme events (Chapter 5) in Japan, subsequent two chapters mainly evaluate the climate and human impacts on precipitation variations, water quality and water resources in the Hokkaido area. The final chapter comprehensively analyzes climate change impacts on water resources in the Aral Sea Basin, and then estimate the water requirements and water deficits for irrigation, future agricultural yields of seven major crops, and land and water productivity in four provinces of Turkmenistan considering climate change, population growth, and three socio-economic development scenarios. All results obtained from this book may provide a means to reduce water quality incidents and mitigate future negative impacts by adapting water management. Furthermore, the improved methods for water quality modeling in data scarce regions are transferable to other study areas and applicable in future research.
Download or read book Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources written by Christina Anagnostopoulou and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-19 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - Water resources management should be assessed under climate change conditions, as historic data cannot replicate future climatic conditions. - Climate change impacts on water resources are bound to affect all water uses, i.e., irrigated agriculture, domestic and industrial water supply, hydropower generation, and environmental flow (of streams and rivers) and water level (of lakes). - Bottom-up approaches, i.e., the forcing of hydrologic simulation models with climate change models’ outputs, are the most common engineering practices and considered as climate-resilient water management approaches. - Hydrologic simulations forced by climate change scenarios derived from regional climate models (RCMs) can provide accurate assessments of the future water regime at basin scales. - Irrigated agriculture requires special attention as it is the principal water consumer and alterations of both precipitation and temperature patterns will directly affect agriculture yields and incomes. - Integrated water resources management (IWRM) requires multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches, with climate change to be an emerging cornerstone in the IWRM concept.
Download or read book Standing up to Climate Change written by Shahrooz Mohajeri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-10 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Iran, climate change combined with low adaptation capacity has an unparalleled impact on eco-systems as well as human livelihoods. The Roodasht region, in the lower part of the Zayandeh Rud basin in Central Iran, is severely affected by water scarcity, desertification and land degradation. This book describes the effects this has on the environment and society, analyzes the degree of vulnerability and suggests possible ways to improve land and water management. This book provides comprehensive and interdisciplinary insights into the environmental and social situation in the region, as well as possible solutions to deal with the current challenges. Written by German and Iranian scientists, NGO staff and government officials and bridging the gap between research and practical implementation, the book not only enhances our understanding of climate change and desertification, but also raises public awareness and promotes knowledge transfer between disciplines.
Download or read book Water Tower of the Yellow River in a Changing Climate written by Yurong Hu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-11-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mountains are water towers of our world, but their role in global water resources may be altered due to changing climate. This book provides an integrated assessment of the spatial and temporal variability of both recent and future climate change impacts in the Yellow River source region (YRSR) with specific focus on extremes. The book is structured across four different topics from detecting contemporary hydro-climatic changes, comparing three different statistical downscaling methods, assessing elevation dependency of expected changes in temperature, and projecting future climate-induced hydrologic changes in the YRSR. The detection of historical hydro-climatic changes in recent decades indicates that climate change may already be happening and may pose a serious threat to water availability in this region. However, an ensemble of climate change projections for the periods 2046–2065 and 2081–2100 based on two GCMs and three emission scenarios demonstrates that the future water availability of this region would increase due to climate change. This discrepancy suggests that contemporary hydro-climatic experience based on past records alone may not always provide a reliable guide to the future. This study makes an important contribution toward an improved understanding of climate change impacts in the YRSR. The knowledge generated has major implications for water resources management in the Yellow River and will be instructive for climate change impacts studies in other mountain areas.
Download or read book Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Their Environment from Headwaters to Mouth written by Laith A. Jawad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-12 with total page 1612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The system of the Tigris-Euphrates Rivers is one of the great river systems of southwestern Asia. It comprises the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, which follow roughly parallel courses through the heart of the Middle East. The lower portion of the region that they run through is known as Mesopotamia, was one of the cradles of civilisation. There are several environmental factors that govern the nature of the two rivers and shape the landscape the two rivers running through. Geological events create rivers, climate monitor the water supply, the surrounding land influences the vegetation and the physical and chemical features of water. The Tigris-Euphrates system runs through the territory of four countries, Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria. Therefore, any scientific approach to the environment of these two rivers should include the natural history events in these countries. The book "Tigris and Euphrates Rivers: Their Environment from Headwaters to Mouth" will be divided into nine parts. These parts deal with the issues of the environment, the status of the flora and fauna, the abiotic aspects, ecology, hydrological regime of the two rivers, the biotic aspects. Water resources, stress of the environment, conservation issues. Since the book of Julian Rzoska "Euphrates and Tigris Mesopotamian Ecology and Destiny" in 1980, no book or major reference has been published that includes between its cover the facts and information that the present book will present. Therefore, the importance of the present book falls in stating the present status of the environment of the two rivers and the comparison of their environment between now and that of 37 years ago as given by J. Rzoska (1980). The recent studies showed that there are a large number of natural and political events that happened within the last three decades in the area of the Tigris-Euphrates river system that for sure have done a great change to the environment of the two rivers and consequently changing the biological and non-biological resources of the two rivers. This book will be a reference book to both Academic and students across the Middle East in different disciplines of knowledge to use in their researches on Tigris-Euphrates river system. The scholars interested in this area will use this book as a guide to compare this freshwater system with other areas in Asia and the world.
Download or read book Predicting the Impact of Future Climate Change on Streamflow in Chirchik River Basin Using the SWAT Model written by Umidkhon Uzbekov and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sustainability of Engineered Rivers In Arid Lands written by Jurgen Schmandt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-16 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This interdisciplinary volume examines how nine arid or semi-arid river basins with thriving irrigated agriculture are doing now and how they may change between now and mid-century. The rivers studied are the Colorado, Euphrates-Tigris, Jucar, Limarí, Murray-Darling, Nile, Rio Grande, São Francisco, and Yellow. Engineered dams and distribution networks brought large benefits to farmers and cities, but now the water systems face multiple challenges, above all climate change, reservoir siltation, and decreased water flows. Unchecked, they will see reduced food production and endanger the economic livelihood of basin populations. The authors suggest how to respond to these challenges without loss of food production, drinking water, or environmental health. The analysis of the political, hydrological, and environmental conditions within each basin gives policymakers, engineers, and researchers interested in the water/sustainability nexus a better understanding of engineered rivers in arid lands.
Download or read book Climate Change and Water written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change / Working Group Technical Support Unit and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Technical Paper addresses the issue of freshwater. Sealevel rise is dealt with only insofar as it can lead to impacts on freshwater in coastal areas and beyond. Climate, freshwater, biophysical and socio-economic systems are interconnected in complex ways. Hence, a change in any one of these can induce a change in any other. Freshwater-related issues are critical in determining key regional and sectoral vulnerabilities. Therefore, the relationship between climate change and freshwater resources is of primary concern to human society and also has implications for all living species. -- page vii.
Download or read book The Impact of Climate Change on Water Availability and Recharge of Aquifers in the Jordan River Basin written by Cornelia Van Wesenbeeck and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change can seriously affect the Middle East region by reduced and erratic rainfall. Formulating appropriate coping policies should account for local effects and changing flows interconnecting spatial units. We apply statistical downscaling techniques of coarse global circulation models to predict future rainfall patterns in the Yarmouk Basin, using a linear regression to extrapolate these results to the entire Jordan River Basin (JRB). Using a detailed water economy model for the JRB we predict rainfall patterns to evaluate the impact of climate change on agriculture and groundwater recharge. For the JRB, rainfall in 2050 will be around 10% lower than present precipitation, but with substantial spatial spreading. An overall reduction of net revenue from crop cultivation is estimated at 150 million USD, with major losses in Israel, Jordan, and the West Bank; Syrian revenues will slightly increase. The recharge of groundwater is affected negatively, and outflow to the Dead Sea is substantially lower, leading to further increases in salinization.
Download or read book The Euphrates River and the Southeast Anatolia Development Project written by John F. Kolars and published by SIU Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book makes clear that water, not oil, is the key to the future of the Middle East. The Southeast Anatolia Development Project (SEAP) begun by Turkey will irrigate over 1.7 million hectares of new land, double its energy production, and provide agricultural surpluses that Turkey hopes to sell to its Arab neighbors. When SEAP is in full operation, however, the downstream nations will be faced with a greatly reduced flow of water of altered quality in the Euphrates. The war with Iraq has intensified the political significance of the project.
Download or read book Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on River Basin Management written by Amy C. Tidwell and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A framework is developed for the assessment of climate change impacts on water resources systems. The applied techniques include: quantifying global climate model (GCM) skill over a range of time scales; developing future climate scenarios based on GCM data that are found to skillfully represent the observed climate over an historical baseline period; and using the climate scenarios together with hydrologic and water resources models to make assessments of the potential impacts and implications of climate change on water resources systems. A statistical analysis of GCM skill in East Africa shows that temperature is well represented in the GCMs at monthly to annual time scales. Precipitation is found to be much less reliable in the models and shows skill in fewer seasons and nodes than temperature. Eight climate scenarios, stemming from three global climate models and two atmospheric emissions scenarios, project temperature increases between 2 and 5 ° Celsius by the year 2080. Precipitation projections vary widely across models as well as regionally. The scenarios project changes in precipitation from -38% to +42%.
Download or read book Climate Stabilization Targets written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-02-11 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emissions of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels have ushered in a new epoch where human activities will largely determine the evolution of Earth's climate. Because carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is long lived, it can effectively lock the Earth and future generations into a range of impacts, some of which could become very severe. Emissions reductions decisions made today matter in determining impacts experienced not just over the next few decades, but in the coming centuries and millennia. According to Climate Stabilization Targets: Emissions, Concentrations, and Impacts Over Decades to Millennia, important policy decisions can be informed by recent advances in climate science that quantify the relationships between increases in carbon dioxide and global warming, related climate changes, and resulting impacts, such as changes in streamflow, wildfires, crop productivity, extreme hot summers, and sea level rise. One way to inform these choices is to consider the projected climate changes and impacts that would occur if greenhouse gases in the atmosphere were stabilized at a particular concentration level. The book quantifies the outcomes of different stabilization targets for greenhouse gas concentrations using analyses and information drawn from the scientific literature. Although it does not recommend or justify any particular stabilization target, it does provide important scientific insights about the relationships among emissions, greenhouse gas concentrations, temperatures, and impacts. Climate Stabilization Targets emphasizes the importance of 21st century choices regarding long-term climate stabilization. It is a useful resource for scientists, educators and policy makers, among others.
Download or read book Strategic Water written by Frederick Lorenz and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-08-23 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the final phase of drawdown of U.S. troops in Iraq, it is important to do what we can to help maintain a level of stability and to look ahead to emerging security threats. Strategic Water: Iraq and Security Planning in the Euphrates-Tigris Basin by Frederick Lorenz and Edward J. Erickson makes an important contribution to this effort by taking a close look at a serious problem that is often neglected-the decline in freshwater availability and its impact on regional security. With convincing authority, the authors make it clear that the situation in Iraq is deteriorating much faster than expected, and in a few years much of Iraq's water supply will be undrinkable, largely due to high salinity levels. This book not only predicts a crisis, it provides some details on what that crisis might look like: an ugly mix of human suffering, governmental instability, population movement, and a rise in extremist violence. Despite the fact that the United States may have less influence in Iraq in the short term, we cannot deny that it remains a vital U.S. interest to keep the region secure. And there are things that can be done in the short term to help avoid the worst-case scenario.
Download or read book The Impact of Climate Change on the Discharge of the River Rhine written by Jaap Kwadijk and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
