Download or read book Impact of Cultural Management on Anthracnose Severity of Annual Bluegrass Putting Green Turf written by Joseph A. Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthracnose (Colletotrichum cereale Manns) has become an increasingly destructive disease of annual bluegrass (ABG) [Poa annua L. f. reptans (Hausskn) T. Koyama] putting green turf over the past two decades. Cultural management to enhance the playing surface characteristics of putting greens are thought to enhance abiotic stress and predispose turf to anthracnose. Three field trials conducted from 2006 to 2008 evaluated the effects of irrigation, equipment traffic and lightweight rolling, and sand topdressing on anthracnose severity of ABG turf mowed at 3.2 mm. Severe deficit irrigation [40% replacement of reference evapotranspiration (ETo)] increased anthracnose severity during the study. Anthracnose was less severe under greater irrigation quantity. However, irrigating at 100% ETo resulted in disease severity similar to irrigation at 40% ETo by the end of 2006 and 2008. Irrigation to replace 80% ETo typically resulted in the least amount of disease and the best turf quality. Plots receiving turning of mowers and lightweight rollers as well as clean-up mowing (representing the putting green perimeter) had lower disease severity compared to center plots on 6 of 13 dates in 2007 and 2008. Additionally, lightweight rolling reduced anthracnose 2 to 13% compared to non-rolled turf in 2007 and 2008; the heavier sidewinder roller treatment had less disease than the triplex mounted vibratory roller treatment on 4 of 13 rating dates. Initially, turf receiving sand topdressing (0.3 L m-2 wk-1) had a small increase in disease compared to non-topdressed turf during 2007; however, disease decreased as much as 9% by August 2007 and again in 2008 on topdressed plots. Surprisingly, turf receiving foot traffic (5 d wk-1, ~200 rounds d-1) had as much as 27% lower disease severity than non-trafficked turf. This effect was independent of the level of sand topdressing during 2007 and 2008. The treatment combination of weekly topdressing and frequent foot traffic resulted in the best turf quality by the end of both seasons. Overall, the results of these three studies indicate that best management practices should be an integral component of a disease control program intended to reduce anthracnose severity on ABG putting green turf.
Download or read book Anthracnose Severity Influenced by Cultural Management of Annual Bluegrass Putting Green Turf written by John C. Inguagiato and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthracnose (Colletotrichum cereale Manns sensu lato Crouch, Clarke, and Hillman) has become a devastating disease of annual bluegrass [Poa annua L. f. reptans (Hausskn) T. Koyama] putting green turf over the past 15 years. Factors responsible for the increased incidence and severity of anthracnose epiphytotics are not well understood, although speculation has focused on the influence of cultural practices on this disease. Six field trials were conducted from 2003 to 2007 to evaluate effects of cultural practices on anthracnose severity of annual bluegrass putting green turf in factorial arrangements. Nitrogen fertilization, mowing height and topdressing practices provided the most consistent and greatest influence on disease. Nitrogen applied from May through September at 4.9 kg ha-1 every 7 d reduced anthracnose severity 5 to 24% compared to the same rate applied every 28 d. Mowing at 3.6 mm reduced disease 3 to 21% compared to 2.8 mm, while 3.2 mm had intermediate disease severity. Mowing frequency (7 vs. 14 times wk-1) had little effect on anthracnose. Sand topdressing applied every 7 d at 0.3 L m-2 and 14 d at 0.6 L m-2 reduced anthracnose severity compared to no topdressing or similar rates applied less often, although greater rates applied less often (i.e., 21 d at 1.2 Lm-2) provided comparable results. Topdressing with sub-angular sand occasionally reduced anthracnose more than rounded sand. Lightweight rolling every other day reduced disease severity 5 to 6% under moderate disease pressure. The plant growth regulators trinexapac-ethyl, mefluidide and ethephon had inconsistent effects on anthracnose severity; however these materials typically did not increase disease and in some cases reduced it. For example, the combination of 7 d N fertilization, mefluidide and trinexapac-ethyl application occasionally reduced disease more than each factor alone. Also, trinexapac-ethyl applied at shorter intervals (7 vs. 14 d) and increased rate (0.08 vs. 0.05 kg a.i. ha-1) reduced anthracnose when disease severity was high. Cultural practices that may wound turf (e.g., verticutting and brushing) had little effect on anthracnose. These results provide the foundation for the development of best management practices to minimize anthracnose severity of annual bluegrass putting green turf.
Download or read book Influence of Nutrient Management and Soil PH on Anthracnose Severity of Annual Bluegrass Putting Green Turf written by Charles J. Schmid and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthracnose (Colletotrichum cereale Manns sensu lato Crouch, Clarke, and Hillman) is a fungal disease of annual bluegrass [Poa annua L. f. reptans (Hausskn) T. Koyama; ABG] turf, which can be intensified when abiotic conditions weaken turfgrass plants. Five field trials conducted from 2009 to 2015 evaluated the effects of N program, soluble N rate, N source, K source and rate, and soil pH on anthracnose severity of ABG maintained as putting green turf. Soluble N rate applied during midseason had the greatest influence on anthracnose severity. Granular N rate and season in which the majority of granular N was applied also influenced disease severity but to a lesser extent. Soluble N applied at 73 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in combination with moderate rates (147 or 220 kg N ha-1 yr-1) of granular N applied during the spring resulted in the greatest reduction in disease severity. Further analysis of the influence of soluble N rate on anthracnose severity found that higher rates (14.6 to 24.4 kg N ha-1 wk-1) of soluble N can be applied from late-spring through early-summer to reduce disease severity, but as the summer progresses moderate (9.8 kg N ha-1 wk-1) to low (4.9 kg N ha-1 wk-1) rates of soluble N should be applied to avoid excessive rates of N increasing disease severity. Playability (i.e. ball roll distance) of ABG turf was reduced by rates of soluble N applied at e"14.6 kg ha-1 wk-1 compared to N applied at 4.9 kg ha-1 wk-1 . Basic N sources (potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate) applied at 4.9 kg N ha-1 every 7-d reduced disease severity compared acidic N sources (ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate) applied at the same rate and frequency; however, when N was applied at 4.9 kg ha-1 every 14-d, disease severity was greater and few differences were seen among N sources. Potassium (K) fertilization reduced anthracnose severity regardless of K rate or K source. Critical soil K and leaf K concentration values affecting anthracnose severity were calculated to range from 43 to 70 mg kg-1 (Mehlich 3) and 19.3 to 23.1 g kg-1, respectively, using nonlinear regression models (Cate-Nelson, linear plateau, and quadratic plateau). Plots with moderately acidic soil (pH
Download or read book Anthracnose of Annual Bluegrass Putting Green Turf Affected by Sand Topdressing and Cultivation written by James Warren Hempfling and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum cereale Manns sensu lato Crouch, Clarke, and Hillman, is a devastating disease of annual bluegrass [Poa annua L. forma reptans (Hausskn.) T. Koyama] (ABG) putting green turf. Four field trials were conducted from 2009 to 2011 to examine the effects of sand topdressing and midseason cultivation on anthracnose severity of ABG turf mowed at 3.2-mm. Increased rate of spring (0, 1.2 and 2.4 L m-2) and summer (0, 0.075, 0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 L m-2) topdressing reduced disease severity linearly throughout most of 2009 and 2010. However, increased summer topdressing rate produced a quadratic decrease in disease severity by mid-2010; increased spring topdressing rate reduced the amount (rate) of summer topdressing needed to reduce disease. Sand topdressing during the onset of disease (approximately 10% of the plot area infested with C. cereale) in 2009 and 2010 caused a 9 to 14% increase in disease severity 16- to 18-d after treatments were initiated. However, these disease increases lasted only 6- to 9-d and continued sand topdressing reduced disease severity 13 to 20% by the end of each growing season. Verticutting, scarifying and solid-tining increased disease severity up to 18, 10 and 5%, respectively, when performed when symptoms were present (11 to 20% disease severity). These cultivation treatments reduced disease severity relative to the control before treatments were initiated again in 2010 (second trial-year); however, verticutting, scarifying and solid-tining increased disease once again by late-2010. Weekly grooming reduced disease severity up to 9% relative to the control during both trial-years. Cultivation typically did not affect disease severity when curative fungicide was also being applied. Deep vertical cutting (7.6-mm) increased disease 4% relative to the control and 5% relative to shallow vertical cutting (1.3-mm) on 6% of rating dates. Shallow vertical cutting produced small, marginally significant reductions in disease severity compared to the control on 16% of rating dates. Spring topdressing is a strategy for anthracnose suppression that may also reduce the rate of summer topdressing needed to reduce disease severity. Additionally, cultivation practices that only affect leaves, such as grooming, may slightly reduce anthracnose severity.
Download or read book Biology and Integrated Management of Turfgrass Diseases written by Gary W. Beehag and published by CABI. This book was released on 2024-02-21 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cultivated turfgrass is an assemblage of mown, perennial grasses or prostrate-growing forb plants and a suite of microbes all competing with each other in a common environment. This book approaches turfgrass diseases from an ecological perspective and explains with examples how wild plants and microbes have co-evolved. It addresses the identification, biology and integrated management of both common turfgrass diseases and newly emergent diseases. It includes the common and lesser-known turfgrass species, their surrounding environment and the range of beneficial and pathogenic microbes which in combination explain why disease occurs. For disease identification purposes, fungal diseases are arranged according to their predominantly cool season and warm season occurrence. Turfgrass bacterial and viral diseases, and plant parasitic nematodes are also covered. Written by a team of international authors, it combines technical expertise and practical experience. Essential for anyone involved in managing turfgrass, this book provides the know-how to identify the early warning signs of diseases, in order to manipulate the environment and minimise the damage.
Download or read book Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress Fourth Edition written by Mohammad Pessarakli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-06 with total page 950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the third edition of the Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress, continuous discoveries in the fields of plant and crop environmental stresses and their effects on plants and crops have resulted in the compilation of a large volume of the latest discoveries. Following its predecessors, this fourth edition offers a unique and comprehensive collection of topics in the fields of plant and crop stress. This new edition contains more than 80% new material, and the remaining 20% has been updated and revised substantially. This volume presents 10 comprehensive sections that include information on soil salinity and sodicity problems; tolerance mechanisms and stressful conditions; plant/crop responses; plant/crop responses under pollution and heavy metal; plant/crop responses under biotic stress; genetic factors and plant/crop genomics under stress conditions; plant/crop breeding under stress conditions; empirical investigations; improving tolerance; and beneficial aspects of stressors. Features: Provides exhaustive coverage written by an international panel of experts in the field of agriculture, particularly in plant/crop stress areas Contains 40 new chapters and 10 extensively revised and expanded chapters Includes three new sections on plant breeding, stress exerted to weeds by plants, and beneficial aspects of stress on plants/crops Numerous case studies With contributions from 100 scientists and experts from 20 countries, this Handbook provides a comprehensive resource for research and for university courses, covering soil salinity/sodicity issues and plant/crop physiological responses under environmental stress conditions ranging from cellular aspects to whole plants. The content can be used to plan, implement, and evaluate strategies to mitigate plant/crop stress problems. This new edition includes numerous tables, figures, and illustrations to facilitate comprehension of the material as well as thousands of index words to further increase accessibility to the desired information.
Download or read book Epidemiology and Control of Anthracnose Incited by Colletotrichum Graminicola Ces Wils on Annual Bluegrass written by Tom Karl Danneberger and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Influence of Seasonal N Fertilization Plant Growth Regulators and Fungicide Application Timing on Anthracnose Severity of Annual Bluegrass Putting Greens written by XUAN CHEN and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Turfgrass written by John C. Stier and published by ACSESS. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 1340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainability is a key framework for analyzing biological systems—and turfgrass is no exception. It is part of a complex that encompasses turfgrass interactions with different environments and the suitability of different turfgrasses for specific environments. In addition to its biological role, turfgrass—in the form of lawns, green spaces, and playing surfaces—brings beneficial sociological effects to an increasingly urbanized society. This book presents a comprehensive overview of current knowledge and issues in the field of turfgrass research and management, including the genetics and breeding, the diseases and pests, and the ecology of turfgrasses, and will appeal to a broad spectrum of readers.
Download or read book Anthracnose of Bentgrass and Annual Bluegrass Putting Greens written by Megan Kennelly and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Insights Into the Microbial Community of Annual Bluegrass poa Annua L Putting Green Turf written by Lisa A. Beirn and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annual bluegrass (Poa annua; ABG) putting green turf is a unique man-made environment that requires regular fertility inputs to maintain acceptable turfgrass quality and playability. While these inputs can affect foliar diseases such as anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum cereale, little is known about their impact on microbial communities in this ecosystem. The objectives of this dissertation were to: 1) determine the frequency and distribution of C. cereale in the United States, 2) examine the resident microbial communities in the soil of ABG putting green turf over time using advanced molecular technologies, and 3) identify how nitrogen (N) and/or potassium (K) fertilization affects the distribution, diversity, and abundance of benign and pathogenic microorganisms in this system. More than 50 phyla, representing hundreds of species of archaea, bacteria, and fungi were identified. Above ground, this diversity was highlighted in the form of two distinct lineages of C. cereale, both able to cause anthracnose disease but exhibiting distinct host and geographic preferences. Below ground, the ABG rhizosphere supported a vast microbial community, despite high sand content and regular fertilization and pesticide applications. Few turfgrass pathogens were identified from the soil. However, tremendous variation was characterized within the nonpathogenic microbial community, with the rhizosphere of ABG hosting organisms capable of antibiotic production, fixing nitrogen, or serving as potential biocontrol agents or mycorrhizal partners. Over all, individual microbial groups were present in low abundance across all samples. Fertilization did not affect microbial diversity, but did alter the abundance of specific microbial groups. Changes associated with fertility treatments were limited to approximately 7% of the total archaea/bacteria and 23% of the total fungal community identified. In general, K and low rates of N increased abundance of archaea, bacteria, and fungi in the study sites. Seasonality also strongly influenced microbial communities, with samples collected in summer months clustering separately from those obtained in the spring. The research described here provides the first insight into the diverse microbial community residing in the soil of ABG putting green turf utilizing next-generation sequence-based analyses, and protocols developed to conduct this work should help facilitate future research examining the turfgrass microbiome.
Download or read book Influence of Cultural and Chemical Management Strategies on Annual Bluegrass Populations on Golf Course Putting Greens written by Kyung M. Han and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Poa Annua written by J. M. Vargas, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-12-19 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annual bluegrass is the most widespread turfgrass species maintained on intensively cultured turf. Indeed, most of the top golf courses in the world have greens composed, at least in part, of this type of turfgrass There have historically been conflicting beliefs as to why many golf courses have problems with annual bluegrass populations during the summertime months. Through analysing the industry's latest research and pest control technologies the author helps put to rest this debate and offers methods for growing and maintaining healthy annual bluegrass. Written by leading experts in their field, this book contains many colour photographs and is a practical guide for golf course and turgrass specialists.
Download or read book PRACTICAL GUIDE TO TURFGRASS FUNGICIDES written by RICHARD. LATIN and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Turfgrass written by John C. Stier and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 1348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainability is a key framework for analyzing biological systems—and turfgrass is no exception. It is part of a complex that encompasses turfgrass interactions with different environments and the suitability of different turfgrasses for specific environments. In addition to its biological role, turfgrass—in the form of lawns, green spaces, and playing surfaces—brings beneficial sociological effects to an increasingly urbanized society. This book presents a comprehensive overview of current knowledge and issues in the field of turfgrass research and management, including the genetics and breeding, the diseases and pests, and the ecology of turfgrasses, and will appeal to a broad spectrum of readers.
Download or read book Turf Management for Golf Courses written by James B Beard and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Turfgrass Management written by Nick Christians and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-12 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces the principles of turfgrass management, covering everything from basic turfgrass science to fertilization, mowing, turfgrass diseases, irrigation topdressing, pest management, as well as career paths, and much more.
