Download or read book Impact of Crosswalk Lighting Improvements on Pedestrian Safety written by Elisabeta Mitran and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study conducted a nationwide literature review to obtain the state of knowledge on the relationship between lighting conditions and pedestrian crashes, assessing how lighting countermeasures at crosswalks improve pedestrian safety. The study gathered information on crosswalk lighting treatments, existing national guidelines for lighting at pedestrian crossings, and safety effectiveness of pedestrian crosswalks lighting. Reducing pedestrian crashes remains a major challenge in the United States. Pedestrian fatalities have been on the rise in the last 10 years, reaching approximately 6,000 fatalities in 2017, which accounted for 16 percent of all traffic fatalities. Among these pedestrian fatalities, about 75 percent occurred in dark conditions. The high number of crashes during dark conditions advocates for prioritizing lighting countermeasures to improve crosswalks visibility and pedestrian safety. This literature review identified overhead lighting, in-road flashing lights, and bollard level lights as the most used crosswalk lighting treatments. For crosswalk lighting and the amount of light needed to detect pedestrians crossing during nighttime, transportation agencies should consider, wherever feasible, providing adequate lighting at pedestrian crossings, especially where nighttime pedestrian volumes are high. Existing national guidelines recommend the light source to be located at least 10 ft. in front of the crosswalks, a vertical illuminance of 20 lux measured at a height of 5 ft. above the road surface, and street lights to be placed on both sides of the roadway. The review revealed a small number of studies that investigated pedestrian safety with respect to crosswalk lighting. These studies were grouped in three categories: behavioral, modeling, and crash studies. The behavioral studies showed, in general, enhanced lighting at crosswalks led to an improvement in drivers' awareness and yielding to pedestrians, an increase in pedestrian observational behavior, and an increase in the car stopping distance before crosswalks. The modeling studies showed that providing street lighting is associated with lower probabilities of pedestrian fatalities and severe injuries. Crash studies found that providing adequate lighting at intersections helps to reduce the frequency of nighttime crashes and increase safety. Although there is evidence that crosswalk lighting, especially intersection lighting, has a positive impact on nighttime crashes, it is the researchers' conclusion that extensive before-after studies are needed to investigate the safety effects of crosswalks lighting on pedestrian crashes and visibility as well as to develop appropriate crash modification factors. A survey is also recommended to collect information from states or municipalities that may have implemented such countermeasures.

Download or read book Guide for the Planning Design and Operation of Pedestrian Facilities written by and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 2004 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Roadway Lighting s Effect on Pedestrian Safety at Intersection and Midblock Crosswalks written by Rajaram Bhagavathula and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pedestrian Crosswalk Safety written by P. R. Boyce and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Lighting Research Center (LRC) at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute examined the use of in-pavement flashing warning lights at crosswalks. These warning lights help make crosswalks more conspicuous by day and night, but they are more expensive than conventional striping and marking. The LRC's study evaluated the effects of striping alone and striping with in-pavement flashing lights on the behavior of drivers. Striping alone made the crosswalk more noticeable to drivers who were not familiar with the site. Adding in-pavement flashing warning lights made the crosswalk even more noticeable to such drivers.

Download or read book Above ground Actuated Yellow Crosswalk Lights at Uncontrolled Pedestrian Crossings written by Ahmed F. Abdelghany and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pedestrian Facilities Users Guide Providing Safety and Mobility written by Charles V. Zegeer and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide is intended to provide information on how to identify safety and mobility needs for pedestrians with the roadway right-of-way. Useful for engineers, planners, safety professionals and decision-makers, the guide covers such topics as: the Walking Environment including sidewalks, curb ramps, crosswalks, roadway lighting and pedestrian over and under passes; Roadway Design including bicycle lanes, roadway narrowing, reducing the number of lanes, one-way/two-way streets, right-turn slip lanes and raised medians; Intersections with roundabouts, T-intersections and median barriers; and Traffic calming designs.

Download or read book Roadway Lighting Design Guide written by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 2005 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide replaces the 1984 publication entitled An Informational Guide for Roadway Lighting. It has been revised and brought up to date to reflect current practices in roadway lighting. The guide provides a general overview of lighting systems from the point of view of the transportation departments and recommends minimum levels of quality. The guide incorporates the illuminance and luminance design methods, but does not include the small target visibility (STV) method.

Download or read book Improving Pedestrian Safety at Unsignalized Crossings written by Kay Fitzpatrick and published by Transportation Research Board National Research. This book was released on 2006 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) and National Cooperative Highway Research Program have jointly produced and published Improving Pedestrian Safety at Unsignalized Crossings. The product, which can be referred to as TCRP Report 112 or NCHRP Report 562, examines selected engineering treatments to improve safety for pedestrians crossing high-volume and high-speed roadways at unsignalized locations. The report presents the edited final report and Appendix A. TCRP Web-Only Document 30/NCHRP Web-Only Document 91 (Pedestrian Safety at Unsignalized Crossings: Appendices B to O) contains the remaining appendixes of the contractor's final report.

Download or read book A Novel Approach to Investigate Pedestrian Safety in Non signalized Crosswalk Environments and Related Treatments Using Trajectory Data written by Ting Fu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The high frequency of pedestrian crash injuries and the great possibility of fatal consequences have made pedestrian safety a great focus in road safety research. Pedestrian safety becomes even more of a problem at non-signalized locations when compared to signalized crosswalk locations, due to the absence of traffic lights controlling the traffic. This dissertation aims to improve data collection methods for pedestrian safety analysis and to develop a methodological framework to investigate pedestrian safety at non-signalized crosswalk locations.The work started with reviewing methodologies and data collection methods in previous studies. Methods used in past studies were classified into five different approaches: the crash data approach and four surrogate safety approaches (the traffic data approach, the conflict event approach, the behavioral analysis approach, and the perception analysis approach). Issues in the methodologies applied, and data used were summarized. To overcome the limitations that regular visible spectrum cameras have encountered during the data collection process, the thermal camera was introduced and its performance in road user detection, classification, and speed measurement was validated through its comparison to the use of the regular camera. Results showed an evidently better performance from thermal camera for low visibility and shadow conditions. For speed measurements, the thermal camera was consistently more accurate than the regular camera at daytime and nighttime. A study was conducted to investigate pedestrian safety at crosswalks at nighttime using existing measures. Although, the methodology performed well, further limitations of using safety measure methods were discovered upon the completion of the study. A novel framework which looks at the interaction between the pedestrian and the vehicle, and their behavior during the interactions, was proposed and illustrated through a case study. The framework was further tested through a study to compare the performance of three main non-signalized crosswalk types (uncontrolled, marked, and stop sign controlled crosswalks) on pedestrian safety in Montreal. Stop sign controlled crosswalks had the best performance in protecting pedestrians while uncontrolled crosswalks performed the worst. To explore the extensive applications of the framework, the investigation of cyclist-pedestrian interactions was introduced as it has been a major but underestimated safety problem. Marked crosswalks alone fail to protect pedestrians from passing cyclists. Besides, pedestrian safety at crossings on cycling facilities with downhill grades was found to be a great issue. The dissertation will: provide a comprehensive literature review that acts as a practical reference to investigating pedestrian safety at non-signalized crosswalk locations; introduce a promising alternative, the thermal camera, to overcome the limitations of using the visible camera for automated traffic data collection; propose a new framework that describes pedestrian-vehicle interactions more precisely, compared to previous studies. This framework is promising for different purposes in road safety on various topics, such as the analysis of interactions between different types of road users, road user interaction simulation, safety treatments validations, and the performance evaluations of autonomous vehicles. " --

Download or read book Urban Intersection Improvements for Pedestrian Safety written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book NCHRP Report 562 written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pedestrian Safety Project written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Safety Effects of Marked Vs Unmarked Crosswalks at Uncontrolled Locations written by Charles V. Zegeer and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pedestrians are legitimate users of the transportation system, and they should, therefore be able to use this system safely. Pedestrian needs in crossing streets should be identified, and appropriate solutions should be selected to improve pedestrian safety and access. Deciding where to mark crosswalks is only one consideration in meeting that objective. This study involved an analysis of 5 years of pedestrian crashes at 1,000 marked crosswalks and 1,000 matched unmarked comparison sites. All sites in this study had no traffic signal or stop sign on the approaches. Detailed data were collected on traffic volume, pedestrian exposure, number of lanes, median type, speed limit, and other site variables. Poisson and negative binomial regressive models were used.

Download or read book Urban Intersection Improvements for Pedestrian Safety Identification of safety and operational problems at intersections written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Lighting for Driving Roads Vehicles Signs and Signals Second Edition written by Peter Boyce and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-09-04 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vehicle, road, sign, and signal lighting are provided to enable drivers to reach their destinations quickly and safely. However, the attention given to how these forms of lighting function is likely to change as new technology is introduced and understanding of ergonomics and human factors improves. Lighting for Driving: Roads, Vehicle, Signs and Signals, Second Edition shows the crucial role lighting plays in road safety and examines how it could be used more effectively. With light-emitting diodes (LEDs) becoming the lighting source of choice for transport planners and vehicle designers, this book integrates information on road lighting, vehicle lighting, signs, and signals in one handy volume. International in scope and updated for this new edition, this book features lighting examples from the USA, the UK, France, Germany, The Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand. Lighting in common vehicle types including cars, vans, trucks, and motorcycles is covered as well as the visibility of pedestrians and cyclists to drivers. Coverage extends to road lighting, traffic markings, vehicle designs, and internal lighting and weather conditions. Now fully updated, a final chapter looks at the future of lighting in relation to driving. The book will help the reader to understand how lighting systems on roads and vehicles work by explaining the thinking and scientific reasoning behind various forms of lighting and analyzing their contribution to the driver’s understanding of real and potential road hazards. This book will be an ideal read for ergonomists and engineers engaged in transport and road engineering, transport planners, civil engineers, vehicle designers, and electrical engineers.

Download or read book Pedestrian Safety Impacts of Curb Extensions written by Randal S. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents a case study evaluating motorist yielding behavior at a crosswalk in Albany, Oregon. In 2003 the City of Albany installed curb extensions, continental markings and advance stop bars at several uncontrolled intersections along the U.S. Highway 20 one-way couplet.

Download or read book Urban Intersection Improvements for Pedestrian Safety written by C. M. Abrams and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: