Download or read book Impact of Biological Pre treatment on Membrane Fouling and Micropollutant Rejection in Water Recycling written by Chrystelle Ayache and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most reliable alternative solutions to water shortage and scarcity in urban areas is potable reuse of what would otherwise be considered "waste" water. The combination of low and high-pressure membrane processes is the favoured technology for direct and indirect potable water recycling due to the very high water quality produced. Despite the fact that membrane technology is well established, membrane fouling remains a major challenge affecting plant operation technically and economically. This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of membrane fouling in water reuse by investigating the importance of the feed water quality on fouling development and the impact of the fouling on the treated water quality. In order to achieve these objectives, it was important to develop better knowledge of the impact of feed water quality on the membrane process. The organic composition of the effluents was successfully differentiated with the use of advanced analytical tools such as fluorescence excitation emission matrix (EEM) and liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection (LC-OCD). To evaluate water quality impact on membrane fouling, a membrane pilot unit consisting of ultrafiltration and a two stage reverse osmosis train was operated on two different sites. Different monochloramine dosages (0 to 2 mg/L NH2Cl) were applied and their impact on RO membrane performance was studied in order to provide recommendations for plant design.

Download or read book Rejection of Emerging Organic Contaminants by Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes written by Victor Augusto Yangali Quintanilla and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-05-11 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pollution of water sources with emerging contaminants (micropollutants) is a fact known worldwide. Although the risks of micropollutants in sources of water are partly recognized, interpretation of consequences are controversial; thus, the future effects of altered water with micropollutants remains uncertain and may constitute a point of conc

Download or read book Rejection of Wastewater derived Micropollutants in High pressure Membrane Applications Leading to Indirect Potable Reuse written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment written by Thomas Stephenson and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2000-05-31 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers the subject of membrane bioreactors (MBR) for wastewater treatment, dealing with municipal as well as industrial wastewaters. The book details the 3 types of MBR available and discusses the science behind the technology, their design features, operation, applications, advantages, limitations, performance, current research activities and cost. As the demand for wastewater treatment, recycling and re-use technologies increases, it is envisaged that the membrane separation bioreactor will corner the market. Contents Membrane Fundamentals Biological Fundamentals Biomass Separation Membrane Bioreactors Membrane Aeration and Extractive Bioreactors Commercial Membrane Bioreactor Systems Membrane Bioreactor Applications Case Studies

Download or read book Pre treatment Evaluation Prior to Ultrafiltration in Secondary Effluent Treatment for Water Reuse written by Samia Aly and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reusing wastewater can assist in solving water shortage problems, reduce the amount of wastewater discharged to surface water bodies and, by extension, alleviate its adverse effects on humans and the environment. Organics found in wastewater can be removed through biological treatment, however, if secondary effluent is to be reused for potable or some nonpotable applications, some form of advanced treatment is required. Membranes are often used to further treat these effluents for water reuse as they require only a small footprint and can provide a high quality treated water. They are also robust as is relates to dealing with feed waters of varying composition. However, due to the accumulation of rejected contaminants and certain natural organic matter (NOM) constituents on membrane surfaces and within pores, fouling can be an important shortcoming of this technology. Small improvements in the reduction of foulants can translate into substantial improvements in production quantity and cost savings. As such, it is worth the investment of time and research into common pre-treatment methods to identify technologies that can reduce foulant accumulation on membranes. The primary objective of this study was to extend previous research which investigated the use of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes for secondary effluent treatment for water reuse purposes. The most appropriate UF pre-treatment method was identified by comparing three different pre-treatment process modes (biofiltration, in-line coagulation, and a combination of the two processes). In parallel, the primary UF membrane foulant types found in a secondary effluent with high biopolymer content were identified, as well as those removed by the pre-treatment methods used in this research. In this study, aerobic biofilters typically used in drinking water treatment, were investigated for improving the characteristics of Waterloo Wastewater Treatment Plant treated secondary effluent for reuse. Two biofilters, one containing sand and the other containing anthracite, were operated under identical conditions (empty bed contact time [EBCT] of 60 min & hydraulic loading rate [HLR] of 0.75 m/h). Four different coagulants (alum, polyaluminum chloride [PACl], ferric chloride, and ferric sulfate) with a no coagulant control and two different dosages (0.5 and 5.0 mg/L) of each were investigated for their potential to remove UF foulants. To investigate the effect of combining in-line coagulation prior to biofiltration for improving UF performance, one biofilter (containing anthracite media) and one coagulant (1.0 mg/L ferric sulfate) were selected. The organic compound fractions found in secondary effluent, were quantified by Liquid Chromatography-Organic Carbon Detection (LC-OCD) analyses in all water samples before and after each treatment step. Data revealed that both biofilters reduced dissolved organic carbon (DOC), especially the high molecular weight biopolymer fraction, which was reduced by 25-30%. However, the biopolymer concentrations in the biofiltered secondary effluent were somewhat higher than in river and lake water sources, so even with these reductions the biopolymer levels in the effluent of the biofilters were higher than would typically be seen using those sources as biofilter feed. The reduction of organic compounds attributable to biodegradation occurred in the upper layer of the biofilter as confirmed by the highest consumption of dissolved oxygen and biomass concentrations at that location. The higher removals of different DOC fractions achieved by sand appear to be attributable to the increased amount of attached biomass (measured as ATP). Physical properties of secondary effluent were also improved after biofiltration, and turbidity in the effluent of the biofilters did not exceed 1.0 NTU despite influent values ranging from 1.1 to 10.3 NTU. To investigate the impact of pre-treatment methods, UF experiments were conducted with both secondary effluent (as collected from the full-scale plant) and after pre-treatment processes. To assess the development of UF fouling rates, changes in transmembrane pressure through UF runs were monitored and measured every 10 sec. Biofiltration effectively improved the performance of UF by reducing fouling development. The observed reduction in TMP was attributed to the removal of biopolymers (especially the protein component) and turbidity through biofiltration. Under the investigated conditions, sand as a biofilter media performed better than anthracite for reducing UF fouling. When the UF membrane was fed with biofilter effluents, both the reversible and irreversible fouling were correlated with biopolymer concentrations in feed water. Particulate matter was also weakly correlated with reversible fouling. In-line coagulation experiments demonstrated a sustainable reduction in both reversible and irreversible fouling, and coagulant type and dosage had a major impact in improving the performance of UF. Fouling reduction by in-line coagulation was primarily attributed to the alteration of organic composition of secondary effluent and/or the size modification of particles that contributed to membrane pore blocking. The most substantial impact of in-line coagulation was observed for the irreversible fouling reduction, which is more important for sustainable operation of membranes. The higher of the two coagulant dosages tested improved foulant removal and additional reduction of membrane reversible and irreversible fouling rates. Under the conditions investigated, ferric-based coagulants were better for UF fouling control than the aluminum-based coagulants. In-line coagulant provided additional removal of particles and organics through biofilter. In this instance it appears as if the negative surface charge of colloids and organics surface is reduced by charge neutralization resulting in larger compounds being produced and rejected by straining processes through the biofilter. In-line coagulation prior to biofiltration further improved membrane performance by reducing fouling and enhancing the removal of particles and DOC fractions (biopolymer and humic substances) through UF. Biofilter hydraulic performance was relatively unaffected by the upstream addition of coagulant. This study demonstrated that biofiltration and in-line coagulation can, under the investigated conditions, remove some treated wastewater constituents which have been associated with membrane fouling, and negatively affect other advanced treatments for water reuse. The integration of the two pre-treatment processes provided additional fouling reduction and a better UF permeate water was produced than that of the individual pre-treatments.

Download or read book Microplastics in Water and Wastewater written by Hrissi K. Karapanagioti and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2019-09-15 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the topic of microplastics in water and wastewater. The chapters start with introductory issues related to the growing interest in the scientific community on microplastics and the human water cycle and point out where the microplastics could interact with water. The subsequent chapters examine evidence of the microplastic presence in freshwater, such as in both rivers and lakes, in freshwater biota, and hazardous chemicals associated with microplastics in such systems. Another set of chapters discuss the presence of microplastics in wastewater: their sources; their transfer through a wastewater treatment plant; the concentration of microplastics in effluents throughout the world; the plastic biomedia used in wastewater treatment plants and the effect on the surrounding environment of effluent wastewater pipes. These chapters also discuss the sampling methods, the sample treatment and analysis techniques used so far for microplastics in wastewater. Additionally, the presence of microplastics in sewage sludge and in soils irrigated with wastewater or fertilized with sludge are discussed. The possible impact of plastics and their additives on plants, microalgae, and humans are reviewed and presented in a critical way. Finally, a chapter summarizes all the relevant regulations and initiatives that point to the necessity of a global directive for the protection of the environment from plastic and microplastic pollution. The topic of microplastics in freshwater systems and in wastewater has scarcely been studied and requires more attention. Microplastics in Water and Wastewater aims to bring these initial findings to the attention of a broader audience and especially to operators and managers of freshwater and wastewater systems. It will also be helpful to people already aware of the marine debris problem to understand the sources of microplastics in the oceans, from freshwater systems and wastewater treatment plants.

Download or read book Membrane Biological Reactors written by Faisal I. Hai and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2013-11-01 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years the MBR market has experienced unprecedented growth. The best practice in the field is constantly changing and unique quality requirements and management issues are regularly emerging. Membrane Biological Reactors: Theory, Modeling, Design, Management and Applications to Wastewater Reuse comprehensively covers the salient features and emerging issues associated with the MBR technology. The book provides thorough coverage starting from biological aspects and fundamentals of membranes, via modeling and design concepts, to practitioners’ perspective and good application examples. Membrane Biological Reactors focuses on all the relevant emerging issues raised by including the latest research from renowned experts in the field. It is a valuable reference to the academic and professional community and suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology. Editors: Faisal I. Hai, University of Wollongong, Australia Kazuo Yamamoto, University of Tokyo, Japan Chung-Hak Lee, Seoul National University, Korea.

Download or read book Physico Chemical Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery written by Robina Farooq and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-05-03 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book on Physico-Chemical Treatment of Wastewater and Resource Recovery provides an efficient and low-cost solution for remediation of wastewater. This book focuses on physico-chemical treatment via advanced oxidation process, adsorption, its management and recovery of valuable chemicals. It discusses treatment and recovery process for the range of pollutants including BTX, PCB, PCDDs, proteins, phenols, antibiotics, complex organic compounds and metals. The occurrence of persistent pollutants poses deleterious effects on human and environmental health. Simple solutions for recovery of valuable chemicals and water during physico-chemical treatment of wastewater are discussed extensively. This book provides necessary knowledge and experimental studies on emerging physico-chemical processes for reducing water pollution and resource recovery.

Download or read book HISTORY DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES Volume I written by and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2010-05-15 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These volumes are part of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The two volumes present state-of-the art subject matter of various aspects of History, Development and Management of Water Resources These volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy and Decision Makers.

Download or read book Waste Water Treatment Technologies Volume I written by Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2009-09-15 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies theme is a component of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme on Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies deals, in three volumes, and covers several topics, with several issues of great relevance to our world such as: Urban Wastewater Treatment; Characteristics of Effluent Organic Matter in Wastewater; Filtration Technologies in wastewater treatment; Air Stripping in Industrial Wastewater Treatment; Dissolved air flotation in industrial wastewater treatment; Membrane Technology for Organic Removal in Wastewater; Adsorption and Biological Filtration in Wastewater Treatment; Physico-chemical processes for Organic removal from wastewater effluent; Deep Bed Filtration: Modelling Theory And Practice ; Specific options in biological wastewater treatment for reclamation and reuse ; Biological Phosphorus Removal Processes For Wastewater Treatment ; Sequencing Batch Reactors: Principles, Design/Operation And Case Studies ; Wastewater stabilization ponds (WSP)for wastewater treatment; Treatment of industrial wastewater by membrane bioreactors; Stormwater treatment technologies; Sludge Treatment Technologies ; Wastewater Treatment Technology For Tanning Industry; Palm Oil And Palm Waste Potential In Indonesia ; Recirculating Aquaculture Systems – A Review ; Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)reactor in wastewater treatment; Applied Technologies In Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Leachate Treatment; Water Mining: Planning and Implementation Issues for a successful project; Assessment methodologies for water reuse scheme and technology; Nanotechnology for Wastewater Treatment. These three volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, Managers, and Decision makers and NGOs W

Download or read book Recent Advances in Membrane Bioreactors written by Anthony Gordon Fane and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2020-02-01 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with those processes that use semipermeable membranes to enhance or enable the biological treatment of wastewater. In this context biological treatment could involve aerobic or anaerobic processing with suspended and supported biomass, or biofilms. Membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment are in a period of rapid development. Installations are growing at about 15% per annum. In addition to process evolution driven by industry there is a high level of research activity in academia and research organizations. Although there is a recent book (Judd, The MBR Book, Elsevier, 2006) comprehensively devoted to MBRs it can be anticipated that within the next 2 or 3 years there will be significant advances in understanding, operation and systems design to warrant a new book. In addition, the MBR Book (2006) has a bias towards the potential MBR practitioner and less reference to research and development issues. This new book will provide an update on the status of MBRs and report on cutting edge developments and fundamental insights that will enhance the application of the technology. The MBR is now part of the main stream or wastewater treatment. However the technology continues to develop rapidly and is the focus of intensive global research. This book provides a status report on MBR technology and provides details of cutting edge research and developments that are leading to enhanced MBR processes. Both academic researchers and industrial innovators have contributed their latest knowledge. Topics covered include the MBR status report, filtration systems performance (module design, hydrodynamics, energy), process configuration and design options, fouling and cleaning, effluent water quality and MBR modelling. The emphasis is on aerobic MBRs but recent developments in anaerobic MBRs and novel MBR concepts , such as biofilm MBRs and microbial fuel cells are described.

Download or read book Biological Pretreatment of Produced Water for Reuse Applications written by Soondong Kwon and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Co-produced water from the oil and gas industry represents a significant waste stream in the United States. Produced water is characterized by high levels of total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved organics and oil and grease. Among the wide variety of organics present in the water, the concentration of hazardous substances such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) can reach 600 mg/L and the concentration of non-hazardous carboxylate can be as high as 10,000 mg/L (API, 2002). Regulations governing the disposal of produced water are tightening and the interest in reusing treated produced water is increasing in the United States particularly in regions with scarce water supplies. In order to reuse produced water, removal of both the inorganic dissolved solids and hazardous organics such as BTEX may be necessary. The main goal of this research was to investigate the feasibility of using a combined physicochemical/biological treatment system to remove the organic constituents present in saline produced water. In order to meet this objective, two separate biological treatment techniques were investigated: a vapor phase biofilter (VPB) to treat the regeneration off-gas from an upstream surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ) adsorption system and a membrane bioreactor (MBR) to treat the carboxylate and BTEX constituents that penetrate an upstream SMZ system. Each of the biological pretreatment systems was investigated first in the laboratory treating synthetic produced water and then in the field coupled to an SMZ adsorption system treating produced water. Both of the biological treatment systems were capable of removing the BTEX constituents both in the laboratory and in the field over a range of operating conditions. For the VPB, separation of the BTEX constituents from the saline aqueous phase yielded high removal efficiencies. However, carboxylates remained in the aqueous phase and were not removed in the combined VPB/SMZ system. In contrast, the MBR was capable of directly treating the saline produced water and simultaneously removing the BTEX and carboxylate constituents. The major challenge of the MBR system was controlling membrane fouling, particularly when the system was treating produced water under field conditions.

Download or read book Nanofiltration 2 Volume Set written by Andrea Iris Schäfer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-09 with total page 1267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An updated guide to the growing field of nanofiltration including fundamental principles, important industrial applications as well as novel materials With contributions from an international panel of experts, the revised second edition of Nanofiltration contains a comprehensive overview of this growing field. The book covers the basic principles of nanofiltration including the design and characterizations of nanofiltration membranes. The expert contributors highlight the broad ranges of industrial applications including water treatment, food, pulp and paper, and textiles. The book explores photocatalytic nanofiltration reactors, organic solvent nanofiltration, as well as nanofiltration in metal and acid recovery. In addition, information on the most recent developments in the field are examined including nanofiltration retentate treatment and renewable energy-powered nanofiltration. The authors also consider the future of nanofiltration materials such as carbon- as well as polymer-based materials. This important book: Explores the fast growing field of the membrane process of nanofiltration Examines the rapidly expanding industrial sector's use of membranes for water purification Covers the most important industrial applications with a strong focus on water treatment Contains a section on new membrane materials, including carbon-based and polymer-based materials, as well as information on artificial ion and water channels as biomimetic membranes Written for scientists and engineers in the fields of chemistry, environment, food and materials, the second edition of Nanofiltration provides a comprehensive overview of the field, outlines the principles of the technology, explores the industrial applications, and discusses new materials.

Download or read book Treatment of Micropollutants in Water and Wastewater written by Jurate Virkutyte and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2010-08-14 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few years there has been a growing concern over the increasing concentration of micropollutants originating from a great variety of sources including pharmaceutical, chemical engineering and personal care product industries in rivers, lakes, soil and groundwater. As most of the micropollutants are polar and persistent compounds, they are only partially or not at all removed from wastewater and thus can enter the environment posing a great risk to the biota. It is hypothesized that wastewater is one of the most important point sources for micropollutants. Treatment of Micropollutants in Water and Wastewater gives a comprehensive overview of modern analytical methods and will summarize novel single and hybrid methods to remove continuously emerging contaminants - micropollutants from the aqueous phase. New trends (e.g. sensor technology, nanotechnology and hybrid treatment technologies) are described in detail. The book is very timely because the new techniques are still in the development phase and have to be realized not only in the laboratory but also on a larger scale. The content of the book is divided into chapters that present current descriptive and analytical methods that are available to detect and measure micropollutants together with detailed information on various chemical, biological and physicochemical methods that have evolved over the last few decades. Treatment of Micropollutants in Water and Wastewater will also enable readers to make well informed choices through providing an understanding of why and how micropollutants must be removed from water sources, and what are the most appropriate and available techniques for providing a cost and technologically effective and sustainable solutions for reaching the goal of micropollutant-free water and wastewater. The book will be suitable for water and wastewater professionals as well for students and researchers in civil engineering, environmental engineering and process engineering fields.

Download or read book Membrane Biological Reactors Theory Modeling Design Management and Applications to Wastewater Reuse Second Edition written by Faisal I. Hai and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2018-10-15 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MBR market continues to experience a massive growth. The best practice in the field is constantly changing and unique quality requirements and management issues are regularly emerging. The second edition of Membrane Biological Reactors: Theory, Modeling, Design, Management and Applications to Wastewater Reuse comprehensively covers the salient features and emerging issues associated with the MBR technology. The book provides thorough coverage starting from biological aspects and fundamentals of membranes, via modeling and design concepts, to practitioners’ perspective and good application examples. In the second edition, the chapters have been updated to cover the recently emerged issues. Particularly, the book presents the current status of the technology including market drivers/ restraints and development trend. Process fundamentals (both the biological and membrane components) have received in-depth coverage in the new edition. A new chapter has been added to provide a stronger focus on reuse applications in general and the decisive role of MBR in the entire reuse chain. The second edition also comes with a new chapter containing practical design problems to complement the concepts communicated throughout the book. Other distinguishing features of the new edition are coverage of novel developments and hybrid processes for specialised wastewaters, energy efficiency and sustainability of the process, aspects of MBR process automation and recent material on case studies. The new edition is a valuable reference to the academic and professional community and suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology.

Download or read book Waste Water Treatment and Reuse in the Mediterranean Region written by Damià Barceló and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-06 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water scarcity and the need for ecological sustainability have led to the introduction of treated waste water as an additional water resource in the national water resource management plans of Mediterranean countries. Summarizing the results generated within the European Union-funded project INNOVA-MED, this volume highlights the following topics: Application of innovative technologies and practices for waste water treatment and reuse adapted to the Mediterranean region Constraints on the application of advanced treatments and reuse of reclaimed water and sludge Problems and requirements of sustainable water management in the Mediterranean area The book includes several examples of Mediterranean countries, such as Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt, Palestine and Spain, and presents their practical experiences in the application of innovative processes and practices for waste water treatment and reuse.

Download or read book The MBR Book written by Simon Judd and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-18 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MBR Book