Download or read book Impact des fusions majeures sur l volution des galaxies spirales et naines written by Sylvain Fouquet and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La découverte de l'expansion de l'univers par Edwin Hubble en 1929 et l'étude de modèles cosmologiques ont retiré à l'univers son image statique et infinie; l'univers évolue depuis plus de 13 milliards d'années, depuis le Big Bang. Le modèle cosmologique standard hiérarchique LCDM prédit que, durant cette évolution, les halos de matière noire auraient principalement accrété de la masse par fusions successives. L'évolution des baryons, qui se trouveraient être en quantité bien plus faible, aurait suivi celle de la matière noire. Deux types de fusions auraient structuré l'évolution des galaxies : les fusions mineures et majeures. De plus, une accrétion continue de gaz froid, similaire à de nombreuses fusions mineures, aurait aussi pu jouer un rôle dans l'assemblage de la masse des galaxies. Les fusions mineures et l'accrétion de gaz entraînent une évolution douce des galaxies. A contrario, les fusions majeures modifient brutalement la morphologie aussi bien que la cinématique des galaxies en fusion et forment ainsi de nouvelles galaxies. Une dernière forme d'évolution apparaît lorsque la galaxie est isolée ou pendant une période séparant deux épisodes de fusion : l'évolution séculaire. La morphologie et la cinématique d'une galaxie peuvent alors changer via des perturbations internes ou générées par la dernière fusion. L'évolution séculaire n'ajoute pas de masse à la galaxie; seule, elle est insuffisante pour créer une galaxie. Pour mieux contraindre l'évolution des galaxies, je me suis tout d'abord penché sur l'évolution des galaxies durant les huit derniers milliards d'années. Dans cette optique, j'ai travaillé sur des données observationnelles du programme IMAGES (Intermediate MAss Galaxies Evolution Sequence), une étude, basée sur 63 galaxies situées à des redshifts intermédiaires (z = 0.6), ayant pour objectif de dresser un portrait de l'état des galaxies à redshifts intermédiaires et de comprendre les mécanismes à l'oeuvre dans leur évolution. J'ai principalement utilisé les méthodes de travail développées sur l'échantillon du projet IMAGES pour 12 nouvelles galaxies ayant un redshift moyen légèrement plus grand (z = 0.7 au lieu de 0.6). Avec les données du HST provenant du relevé GOODS, j'ai classé morphologiquement les galaxies du nouvel échantillon. Puis, utilisant les données du spectrographe multi-objets GIRAFFE, j'ai déterminé la cinématique de ces galaxies. Je retrouve, pour une plus petite statistique, les résultats du projet IMAGES : la fraction importante de galaxies particulières qui représentent plus de 50% des galaxies de masses intermédiaires à des redshifts intermédiaires, au détriment des galaxies spirales ; une corrélation entre la classe morphologique des galaxies spirales et celle cinématique des galaxies en rotation; une tendance pour les galaxies particulières à avoir une cinématique complexe ou perturbée. Ces résultats impliquent que les galaxies ont changé de morphologie entre z = 0,7 et z = 0. Les galaxies ayant une cinématique complexe ou perturbée sur de grandes échelles (> 5 kpc) requièrent des mécanismes bouleversant l'ensemble du gaz. Le mécanisme d'évolution le plus apte à les expliquer est la fusion majeure plutôt que l'accrétion lente de gaz ou la fusion mineure de galaxies naines. Les galaxies elliptiques de l'univers proche étant déjà en place à z > 1, les galaxies particulières ont dû alors évoluer en galaxies spirales. Tester le scénario de reconstruction des galaxies spirales après une fusion majeure a été le second axe de mon travail de recherche. La fraction de gaz, plus élevée dans le passé (> 50 % à z = 1 - 2), joue un rôle primordial dans ce processus de reconstruction. Une partie du gaz en se refroidissant après une fusion majeure tombe dans le potentiel de la galaxie tout en conservant son moment angulaire et peut ainsi reformer un disque. Hammer et al. (2005a) interprète la formation stellaire sur les huit derniers milliards d'années ainsi que l'évolution de la morphologie et des abondances des galaxies par des épisodes de fusions majeures suivis de formation de galaxies spirales par reconstruction d'un disque. Suivant ce scénario, de nombreuses galaxies spirales de l'univers proche résulteraient d'une fusion majeure. La galaxie M31 semble être une bonne candidate pour ce type de phénomène. Elle a un nombre d'amas globulaires et de galaxies naines près de deux fois supérieur à celui de la Voie Lactée, plusieurs courants stellaires dont le Giant Stream et surtout un bulbe classique. J'ai participé au travail de reconstruction de M31 après une fusion majeure via des simulations numériques afin de tester cette hypothèse. Une fusion majeure de rapport de masse 3, avec des fractions de gaz dépassant les 60 % et comprenant un premier passage il y a 8-9 milliards d'années et une fusion il y a 5-6 milliards d'années, reproduit les structures morphologiques et cinématiques principales de M31 (bulbe, disque épais, disque mince, Giant Stream), renforçant ainsi le scénario de reconstruction du disque après une fusion majeure. Mon dernier travail de recherche a porté sur les conséquences des fusions majeures sur leur environnement. En effet, les débris éjectés d'une fusion majeure peuvent atteindre des masses de plus de 15 % de la masse baryonique totale des galaxies en fusion. La majeure partie de la matière éjectée à grande distance pourrait être due à la formation de queues de marée durant la fusion. A l'intérieur de ces queues de marée, de nouvelles galaxies naines peuvent se former, des galaxies naines de marée. Une fusion majeure peut donc être la source de la formation de nouvelles galaxies. Si la majeure partie des galaxies spirales se sont formées par fusions majeures, les conséquences de ces dernières ne peuvent être négligées. Plus particulièrement, la fusion majeure qui serait à l'origine de M31 aurait pu essaimer des galaxies naines dans le Groupe Local. Il se trouve que les galaxies naines de la Voie Lactée ont deux particularités : une distribution spatiale en forme de plan épais, dénommée VPOS (Vast Polar Structure), et la présence de deux galaxies naines irrégulières, les Nuages de Magellan (MC pour Magellanic Cloud), très proches de la Voie Lactée (
Download or read book The evolution of spiral galaxies in clusters written by Elif Kutdemir and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The X ray Universe written by Wallace H. Tucker and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beyond the range of optical perception--and of ordinary imaginings--a new and violent universe lay undetected until the advent of space exploration. Supernovae, black holes, quasars and pulsars--these were the secrets of the highenergy world revealed when, for the first time, astronomers attached their instruments to rockets and lofted them beyond the earth's x-ray-absorbing atmosphere. The X-Ray Universe is the story of these explorations and the fantastic new science they brought into being. It is a first-hand account: Riccardo Giacconi is one of the principal pioneers of the field, and Wallace Tucker is a theorist who worked closely with him at many critical periods. The book carries the reader from the early days of the Naval Research Laboratory through the era of V-2 rocketry, Sputnik, and the birth of NASA, to the launching of the Einstein X-Ray Observatory. But this is by no means just a history. Behind the suspenseful, sometimes humorous details of human personality grappling with high technology lies a sophisticated exposition of current cosmology and astrophysics, from the rise and fall of the steady-state theory to the search for the missing mass of the universe.
Download or read book The Story of Crass written by George Berger and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In-depth interviews with the main movers in the punk rock movement--Crass members Penny Rimbaud, Gee Vaucher, and Steve Ignorant--detail the face of the revolution founded by these radical thinkers and artists. When punk ruled the waves, Crass waived the rules by putting out their own records, films, and magazines and setting up a series of situationist pranks that were dutifully covered by the world's press. Not just another iconoclastic band, Crass was a musical, social, and political phenomenon: commune dwellers that were rarely photographed and remained contemptuous of conventional pop stardom. As detailed in this history, their members explored and finally exhausted the possibilities of punk-led anarchy. This definitive biography of the band not only gives backstage access to their lives, philosophies, and the movement that followed, but also to never-before-seen photographs and rare dialogues.
Download or read book Beacons Beyond written by and published by . This book was released on 2011-12-16 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ABC Relaxation Theory written by Jonathan C. Smith, PhD and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 1999-09-01 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relaxation is the world's most popular therapy--used by more psychologists, counselors, social workers, and rehabilitation specialists than any other tool. ABC Relaxation Theory offers a new treatment strategy by presenting and enhancing the effectiveness of current relaxation treatments into an approach tailored to each client. Based on the most ambitious scientific exploration of relaxation (20 studies and 5,000 subjects from all cultures and walks of life), Smith presents some of his groundbreaking findings, including the first demonstration and replication of differences among African Americans, Latinos, and Whites; men and women; those with religious and secular beliefs approaches; and more. His work is highly readable, practical, and comprehensive and will appeal to clinical psychologists, psychotherapists, and students of psychology.
Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Iran written by John Henry Lorentz and published by Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East. This book was released on 2007 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an overview of specific events, movements, people, political and social groups, places, trends, and chronology. Allows for considerable exploration of a number of historical and contemporary topics and issues. The modern period, defined as 1800-present, is covered extensively.
Download or read book Draconomicon written by Andy Collins and published by . This book was released on 2003-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An art-filled sourcebook for all things draconic in the Dungeons & Dragons world, this title includes information on playing dragons and dragon-like creatures, how to run a dragon in a fight, and how to both fight dragons and work with them as allies. The book itself is designed in a prestige format, with heavy use of art throughout and constructed of premium materials. (Games/Gamebooks/Crosswords)
Download or read book An Instinct for Dragons written by David E. Jones and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-06 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 2002. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book Twentieth Century Mythologies written by Daniel Dubuisson and published by Acumen Pub Limited. This book was released on 2006 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Myths have intrigued scholars throughout history. 'Twentieth Century Mythologies' traces the study of myth over the last century, presenting the key theories of mythology and critiquing traditional definitions of myth. The volume presents the work of influential scholars in mythology: the noted Indo-Europeanist Georges Dumezil, the structuralist anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss, and the historian of religions Mircea Eliade. 'Twentieth Century Mythologies' is an indispensable resource for scholars of religion and myth and for all those interested in the history of ideas.
Download or read book Soap written by Francis Ponge and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, begun during the German occupation, the eminent French poet and philosopher began to turn away from the small, perfect poem toward a much more open form, a kind of prose poem that recounted its own process of coming into being along with the final result.
Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Pakistan written by Shahid Javed Burki and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pakistan is unlike most other countries in the emerging world. It is one of the two nations – the other being the state of Israel – founded on the basis of religion. Although it was created to provide a homeland for the Muslim community of British India, in its original form it was able to accommodate only about half of the people of Islamic faith who lived in the subcontinent. Pakistan’s birth in 1947 resulted in one of the largest movements of people in human history when some 14 million people left their homes, with 8 million Muslims leaving India for what is now Pakistan and 6 million Hindus and Sikhs moving in the opposite direction. This was the first large-scale incidence of ethnic cleansing the world was to witness. --
Download or read book Radical Coherency written by David Antin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2012-03-15 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “We got to talking”—so David Antin begins the introduction to Radical Coherency, embarking on the pursuit that has marked much of his breathless, brilliantly conversational work. For the past forty years, whether spoken under the guise of performance artist or poet, cultural explorer or literary critic, Antin’s innovative observations have helped us to better understand everything from Pop to Postmodernism. Intimately wedded to the worlds of conceptual art and poetics, Radical Coherency collects Antin’s influential critical essays and spontaneous, performed lectures (or “talk pieces”) for the very first time, capturing one of the most distinctive perspectives in contemporary literature. The essays presented here range from the first serious assessment of Andy Warhol published in a major art journal, as well as Antin’s provocative take on Clement Greenberg’s theory of Modernism, to frontline interventions in present debates on poetics and fugitive pieces from the ’60s and ’70s that still sparkle today—and represent a gold mine for art historians of the period. From John Cage to Allan Kaprow, Mark Rothko to Ludwig Wittgenstein, Antin takes the reader on an idiosyncratic, personal journey through twentieth-century culture with his trademark antiformalist panache—one thatwill be welcomed by any fan of this consummate trailblazer.
Download or read book Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies Vol 13 2010 2011 written by Catherine Barnard and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies provides a forum for the scrutiny of significant issues in EU Law, the law of the European Convention on Human Rights, and Comparative Law with a 'European' dimension, and particularly those issues which have come to the fore during the year preceding publication. The contributions appearing in the collection are commissioned by the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS) Cambridge, a research centre in the Law Faculty of the University of Cambridge specialising in European legal issues. The papers presented are at the cutting edge of the fields which they address, and reflect the views of recognised experts drawn from the University world, legal practice, and the institutions of both the EU and its Member States. Inclusion of the comparative dimension brings a fresh perspective to the study of European law, and highlights the effects of globalisation of the law more generally, and the resulting cross fertilisation of norms and ideas that has occurred among previously sovereign and separate legal orders. The Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies is an invaluable resource for those wishing to keep pace with legal developments in the fast moving world of European integration. INDIVIDUAL CHAPTERS Please click on the link below to purchase individual chapters from Volume 13 through Ingenta Connect: www.ingentaconnect.com SUBSCRIPTION TO SERIES To place an annual online subscription or a print standing order through Hart Publishing please click on the link below. Please note that any customers who have a standing order for the printed volumes will now be entitled to free online access. www.hartjournals.co.uk/cyels/subs Editorial Advisory Board: Albertina Albors-Llorens, John Bell, Alan Dashwood, Simon Deakin, David Feldman, Richard Fentiman, Angus Johnston, John Spencer Founding Editors: Alan Dashwood and Angela Ward Ius Commune Prize 2012 Alexandre Saydé wrote Chapter 15 in this volume entitled: 'One Law, Two Competitions: An Enquiry into the Contradictions of Free Movement Law' and we are delighted to announce that he has been awarded the Ius Commune Prize 2012.
Download or read book Socialism Perestroika and the Dilemmas of Soviet Economic Reform written by John E Tedstrom and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-12-13 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights that Soviet economic planners and politicians must come to recognize the need to make fundamental changes, not simply incremental refinements, in the failing Soviet system. It examines the dynamics of the process of perestroika and the complexity of individual economic issues.
Download or read book Unidentified written by Robert Salas and published by Career Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1969 the U.S. Air Force issued a statement that read' "No UFO reported, investigated and evaluated by the Air Force was ever an indication of threat to our national security." This statement is patently false. It has been proven untrue by the testimony of many military officers and airmen and documentation of incidents involving UFOs and nuclear weapons, testimonies of which the U.S. Air Force was fully aware. Unidentified details many of these testimonies, some for the first time. As partial justification for its position, the Air Force cites a University of Colorado study that was contracted and paid for by federal funds. Unidentified reveals how this study was actually just another part of the plan to cover up the reality of the UFO phenomenon. For the first time, Unidentified publishes evidence that the investigators for the Colorado study knew about the UFO-related missile shutdown incidents but did not investigate them or include them in their final report.
Download or read book The Ladybird Illustrated written by D H Lawrence and published by . This book was released on 2020-11-09 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Ladybird is a long tale or novella by D. H. Lawrence. It was first drafted in 1915 as a short story entitled The Thimble. Lawrence rewrote and extended it under a new title in December 1921 and sent the final version to his English agent on 9 January 1922. It was collected with two other tales, The Captain's Doll and The Fox, and the three novellas were then published in London by Martin Secker in March 1923 under the title The Ladybird and in New York by Thomas Seltzer as The Captain's Doll in April 1923."
