Download or read book Immunomodulatory Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Autoimmune Diseases written by Zhifeng Gu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-07-14 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Kuo is the Head of Global Business Development at Predicine. The other Topic Editor declares no competing interest with regards to the Research Topic theme.

Download or read book The immunological regulation of extracellular vesicles on chronic diseases written by Zhiwen Luo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-06-26 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the transformation of the human disease spectrum, chronic non-infectious diseases have become the main killer of human health in modern society. The interaction between genes and the environment will cause the body’s immune function to be disordered, thereby affecting the body's homeostasis and causing various chronic non-infectious diseases. It has been revealed that the occurrence and development of most chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune disease, and neuroimmune disorders, are associated with the dysregulation of the immune system.

Download or read book The Immunomodulatory Properties of Extracellular Vesicles from Pathogens Immune Cells and Non Immune Cells written by Ivan K. H. Poon and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-02-11 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Immune Regulation written by Diego Alberto Lema Rodriguez and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immune responses require complex intercellular communication. One unique mode is by extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this dissertation, I studied the role of EVs in modulating immune responses in transplantation, autoimmunity and cancer.In transplantation, grafts can transfer HLA molecules in EVs to the recipient's antigen presenting cells (APCs). These "cross-decorated" APCs present the allo-HLA to effector T cells. Non-inherited maternal antigens (NIMA) are inherently tolerogenic during pregnancy and throughout life, and grafts that express NIMA are less prone to chronic rejection. I investigated the cross-decoration of fetal cord blood cells with NIMA in utero. I found that half of human pregnancies are associated with HLA-I NIMA cross-decoration of APCs, which express high levels of PD-L1, due to co-transfer of PD-L1 and of nucleic acid. Interestingly, I found that this phenomenon is recapitulated in recipients of NIMA+ grafts. These results suggest a tolerogenic mechanism to NIMA in pregnancy and transplantation. Then, I studied cross-decoration with HLA class II. I show that after receiving a HLA-DR15+ lung transplant, HLA-DR15negative recipients' immune cells responded to HLA-DR15-restricted collagen V epitopes. I observed cross-decoration of DCs with HLA-DR15 in transgenic heart mouse recipients. This work shows that HLA-II can cross-decorate DCs, and impart the host with a new repertoire of HLA class II restrictions, facilitating autoimmunity and transplant rejection. Next, I studied cytokine (IL-35) delivery by EVs. I show that IL-35 subunits are present in Treg-derived EVs. IL-35 EVs can directly suppress immune responses, but further, can coat lymphocytes with active cytokine, rendering them suppressive. This dissertation supports this as a mechanism of "infectious tolerance". Later, I investigated tumor immune escape mechanisms using the trans-vivo DTH assay. NSCLC patients' immune cells were challenged with tumor antigens in SCID mouse footpads. I identified most (8/9) patients had PD-1 dependent anergy to tumor antigens, but a minority (3/9) further had active PD-1-dependent immune regulation. This second phenotype was associated with worse outcomes. In conclusion, in this thesis I demonstrate an important immune regulatory role of EVs in transplant, autoimmunity and cancer, by transfer of HLA class I and II, cytokines and immune regulatory ligands.

Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes written by Yaoliang Tang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-09-02 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes are at the forefront of research in two of the most high profile and funded scientific areas – cardiovascular research and stem cells. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes provides insight into the biofunction and molecular mechanisms, practical tools for research, and a look toward the clinical applications of this exciting phenomenon which is emerging as an effective diagnostic. Primarily focused on the cardiovascular applications where there have been the greatest advancements toward the clinic, this is the first compendium for clinical and biomedical researchers who are interested in integrating MSC-derived exosomes as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Introduces the MSC-exosome mediated cell-cell communication Covers the major functional benefits in current MSC-derived exosome studies Discusses strategies for the use of MSC-derived exosomes in cardiovascular therapies

Download or read book Immune Surveillance written by Richard T. Smith and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immune Surveillance deals with the issues regarding tumor immunology and surveillance, in which the central theme is all about the life span of the mammalian host that is depleted by the environment with mutagenic agents and solutions. The book is divided into six chapters. It includes discussions on the organization and modulation of cell membrane receptors, as well as the origin and expression of membrane antigens. It also covers the topics on the triggering mechanisms for and effector mechanisms activated by the cellular recognition. These topics analyze and evaluate alternatives for the recognition and destruction mechanisms in the knowledge of cell cooperation and requirements for immune recognition. A chapter provides discourse on a solution for the paradox of thriving tumors based on the demonstrable in vitro host immunity. Another discusses the generation of antibody diversity and the theory of self-tolerance. The last chapter explains the evaluation of the evidence for immune surveillance. This reference will be invaluable to those who specialize in immunology.

Download or read book Comorbidity in Rheumatic Diseases written by Yasser El Miedany and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-24 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores comorbidity in patients with rheumatic diseases and details both care and treatment options in standard clinical practice. Patients with rheumatic diseases are clinically complex, and the interplay of their disease activity with associated conditions may lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Recently there have been major advances in the management of rheumatic diseases, however, without addressing the potential comorbid conditions, including cardiovascular disease; pulmonary disease; and depression; outcomes remain poor. ​​​ With its 19 chapters, covering the management of major rheumatic diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus , and osteoarthritis), potential comorbidities and treatment recommendations, as well as possible interactions between conditions; this book addresses the gap between textbook medicine and day to day patients' care. Authors also discuss the new hot issue of the comorbidity index, comparing the standard tools to the recently developed indices and how they can assist the rheumatologists in determining disease burden, prognosis, and comorbidity probability. This book is an ideal clinical guide and reference that enables rheumatologists, internal medicine physicians, and residents to address the full clinical expression of these rheumatic diseases with views towards prevention or early management of comorbid conditions.

Download or read book Cancer Cell Metabolism A Potential Target for Cancer Therapy written by Dhruv Kumar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-02-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book illustrates various aspects of cancer cell metabolism, including metabolic regulation in solid tumours vs. non-solid tumours, the molecular pathways involved in its metabolism, and the role of the tumour microenvironment in the regulation of cancer cell metabolism. It summarizes the complexity of cancer cell metabolism in terms of the switch from anaerobic to aerobic glycolysis and how mitochondrial damage promotes aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. The respective chapters provide the latest information on the metabolic remodelling of cancer cells and elucidate the important role of the signalling pathways in reprogramming of cancer cell metabolism. In addition, the book highlights the role of autophagy in cancer cell metabolism, and how metabolic crosstalk between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes cancer cell progression. In closing, it summarizes recent advancements in drug development through targeting cancer metabolism.

Download or read book Extracellular Vesicles as Immunomodulatory Mediators in Inflammatory Processes written by Danièle Noël and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-25 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Immune Response Activation and Immunomodulation written by Rajeev Tyagi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-04-17 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immune Response Activation and Immunomodulation has been written to address the perceived needs of both medical school and undergraduate curricula and to take advantage of new understandings in immunology. We have tried to achieve several goals and present the most important principles governing the function of the immune system. Our fundamental objective has been to synthesize the key concepts from the vast amount of experimental data that have emerged in the rapidly advancing field of immunology. The choice of what is most important is based on what is most clearly established by experimentation, what our students find puzzling, and what explains the wonderful efficiency and economy of the immune system. Inevitably, however, such a choice will have an element of bias, and our bias is toward emphasizing the cellular interactions in immune response by limiting the description of many of the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms to the essential facts. This book gives an insight into the role of cytokines in activating immune response during pathogenic invasion. Immunomodulation, aryl hydrocarbons, the role of the protein defensin and nucleated cells in provoking immune response, Bcl protein/gene-based apoptotic pathways, and plant-derived phytochemical-mediated immune response are all central themes of this book.

Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy written by Lucas G. Chase and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-12 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, significant efforts have been made to develop stem cell-based therapies for difficult to treat diseases. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), appear to hold great promise in regards to a regenerative cell-based therapy for the treatment of these diseases. Currently, more than 200 clinical trials are underway worldwide exploring the use of MSCs for the treatment of a wide range of disorders including bone, cartilage and tendon damage, myocardial infarction, graft-versus-host disease, Crohn’s disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, critical limb ischemia and many others. MSCs were first identified by Friendenstein and colleagues as an adherent stromal cell population within the bone marrow with the ability to form clonogenic colonies in vitro. In regards to the basic biology associated with MSCs, there has been tremendous progress towards understanding this cell population’s phenotype and function from a range of tissue sources. Despite enormous progress and an overall increased understanding of MSCs at the molecular and cellular level, several critical questions remain to be answered in regards to the use of these cells in therapeutic applications. Clinically, both autologous and allogenic approaches for the transplantation of MSCs are being explored. Several of the processing steps needed for the clinical application of MSCs, including isolation from various tissues, scalable in vitro expansion, cell banking, dose preparation, quality control parameters, delivery methods and numerous others are being extensively studied. Despite a significant number of ongoing clinical trials, none of the current therapeutic approaches have, at this point, become a standard of care treatment. Although exceptionally promising, the clinical translation of MSC-based therapies is still a work in progress. The extensive number of ongoing clinical trials is expected to provide a clearer path forward for the realization and implementation of MSCs in regenerative medicine. Towards this end, reviews of current clinical trial results and discussions of relevant topics association with the clinical application of MSCs are compiled in this book from some of the leading researchers in this exciting and rapidly advancing field. Although not absolutely all-inclusive, we hope the chapters within this book can promote and enable a better understanding of the translation of MSCs from bench-to-bedside and inspire researchers to further explore this promising and quickly evolving field.

Download or read book Autoimmune Diabetes Molecular Mechanisms and Neoantigens written by Arnaud Zaldumbide and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-14 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Extracellular Vesicles in Human Health and Diseases written by Asit Ranjan Ghosh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Function of Secretory Factors in Immune Disorders written by Yanbo Wang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-09-07 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Exploring Pancreatic Metabolism and Malignancy written by Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-23 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively describes the association between metabolic syndrome and pancreatic cancer progression, and the mechanism of action and target definition with a view to drug discovery. Metabolic syndrome, which includes adnominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, has recently been shown to play an important role in the etiology and progression of various cancers. Further, obesity and diabetes have been associated with an increased incidence of gastric cancers. The book reviews the key biological mechanisms underlying the association between metabolic dysregulation, including obesity-associated enhancement of growth factor signaling, inflammation, and perturbation in pancreatic cancer cell growth and metastasis. It also illustrates the role of the inflammatory signaling pathway in metabolic diseases as well as tumor growth and explores the potential of these pathways as the rational targets for pancreatic cancer therapy. Lastly, the book offers a comprehensive description of the challenges associated with diabetes and pancreatic cancer therapy.

Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immunomodulation written by Charles J. Malemud and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-13 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essential volume explores mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their potential to suppress immune-mediated inflammation. The chapters examine applications in autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis; blood cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma; and reproductive complications, specifically pre-term labor and use of MSCs in vitro and in animal models to discover methods of suppressing the causal inflammatory response. It also further defines the methodologies required to develop research on MSCs in vitro into established preclinical animal models including those which are proven replicas of autoimmunity and pre-term labor, to name but two. Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immunomodulation, part of Springer’s Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, is an invaluable resource for researchers and clinicians working with stem cells, autoimmune disease, oncology, and reproductive medicine.

Download or read book Nanoparticle Mediated Signaling Rewiring and Reprogramming of Immune Responses written by David Pozo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-06-03 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Quintana is the founder of AnTolRx. The other Topic Editor declares no competing interests.