Download or read book Immunology Pasteur S Heritage written by P.-A.. Cazenave and published by New Age International. This book was released on 2003 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Unique Book. Although Pasteurs Seminal Contributions Are Known, The Background Leading To These Discoveries Has Been Admirably Recapitulated. How Studies To Help Sort The Problems Of Wine And Beer Industry Led To The Recognition Of Micro-Organisms As The Causative Factor, And To The Denunciation Of The Then Prevalent Views On Spontaneous Generation. The Inability Of An Aged Culture Of Fowl Cholera To Cause Disease In Chicken Was Not Dismissed As A Mistake, But Deduced To Make Two Observations Fundamental To Development Of Vaccines, Namely A Method To Attenuate The Virulence Of The Micro-Organisms And The Use Of Such Organisms As Vaccines.The Vaccine For Rabies Was A Landmark At A Time When No Electron Microscope Was Available To Visualize A Virus. Also This Was The First Use Of A Vaccine For Therapeutic Purposes! Pasteur S Heritage, The Institute That He Created And Scientists Who Worked With Him, And After Him, At This Institute Were Responsible For Discovery Of The Bacillus Causing Plague (And Also The Way It Spreads Through Fleas, An Observation Made By Them While Working In India), The Realization That The Symptoms Caused Bydiphtheria Were At A Point Distant Than The Infective Bacilli And Hence Due To A Toxin Elaborated; The Antisera For Tetanus Anddiphtheria; Bcg, The Attenuated Bovine Tuberculosis Bacillus For Vaccination Etc. Metchnikoff Laid The Basis Of Cellular Immunity, Bordet Discovered The Complement System.Part I Of The Book Provides Historical Insights On The Development Of Immunology In The Period Between The Two World Wars, The Pasteurian And The Grand Germanic School Of Koch, Ehrlich, And Von Behring, The Controversies Which Spurred Progress And Led To The Enrichment Of This Discipline. A Chapter In Part Ii Summarizes The Current Status Of The Vaccine, Which Have Historically Been The Most Cost Effective Agents For Control Of Diseases And Have Helped Eradicate Small Pox From The Surface Of The Globe.Part Iii Of The Book Has Two Thought Provoking Articles On The Philosophical Implications Of The Findings On Immune Mechanisms To Other Biological Processes. For Example Learning Is Not An Acquired Process From Outside. Instructive Theories On Antibody Formation Are Disproved. Instead, It Is Selection And Amplification That Prevails. The Book Concludes With An Enlightening Chapter On Perspectives In Modern Immunology. The Immune System Need Not Be Conceived For The Aggressive Function Of Combatingoutside Organisms. The Recognition Of Self Is Fundamental To Its Working.
Download or read book Louis Pasteur written by Charles River Charles River Editors and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-04-03 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures *Includes quotes about Pasteur's life and work *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading "Do not let yourself be tainted with a barren skepticism." - Louis Pasteur While it would be impossible to name every individual who has contributed to the ever-advancing field of science, it almost goes without saying that one of the most important was Louis Pasteur, father of microbiology and modern immunology. Apart from propelling the field of vaccination to new heights, this visionary scientist would also revolutionize a significant part of the beverage industry, and highlight the importance of sterilization. These are only some of the extraordinary achievements on Louis' glaring résumé, one so well-rounded and extensive that it beggars belief. Like many other polymaths, this inspirational figure has become an unwitting incendiary, and he has attracted his fair share of critics over the years. Though undoubtedly one of the greatest intellectuals to have ever graced the world of science, Louis was also a conveniently private man steeped in scandal, fraudulence, and secrecy, which only makes his story all the more riveting. In 1995, which UNESCO declared "The Year of Pasteur," Louis Pasteur's name was posthumously disgraced on an international stage as a controversy ensued that would have certainly caused him to roll in his grave. Pasteur had remained a secretive man until the day of his death, even ordering his family members to hold onto his private journals and never disclose them to anyone. Most chalked it up to the man's introversion, and his secrets might have indeed died with him if not for his last surviving descendant, who donated the scientist's notes to the French National Library in the 1970s. Not only did Louis oversell some of his findings, he had, as it appears, unabashedly lied about the results of his experiments, and he has since been accused of stealing credit for some of his work. Concerning his rabies trials with the diseased mutts, for example, it was revealed that only 30 - a fraction of what Louis had reported - had been examined, and at least a third of them died from their illnesses. Most distressing of all, the "foolproof" vaccine he injected into the dogs was not the same vaccine he used on Joseph Meister, which meant that he had exposed the child to an untested treatment. On top of "regularly violat[ing] the standard conception of the scientific method," as Princeton University historian Gerald Geison puts it, Pasteur's work on anthrax, he claims, "is a clear example of scientific misconduct by the current definition." Rumor has it that Jean-Joseph Henri Toussaint, a local veterinarian, was conducting research on the bacterium at the same time, but Toussaint used a chemical formula he personally designed instead of oxygen. Enraptured by the progress he was making, Toussaint visited Pasteur and made the mistake of confiding in him the recipe for the chemical formula. Before Toussaint knew it, Pasteur had appropriated his formula, and began using it in his public experiments. At the end of the day, whether or not Louis Pasteur is fully deserving of all the credit he's received is still a matter of dispute, but one truth is incontestable. Pasteur revolutionized biology and ushered it into the modern era, and the institute erected in his honor continues to bring about tremendous advances that are slowly, but surely making the world a better place. Louis Pasteur: The Life and Legacy of the Legendary French Scientist Recognized as the Father of Microbiology examines the career that made Pasteur one of the 19th century's foremost scientists. Along with pictures of important people, places, and events, you will learn about Louis Pasteur like never before.
Download or read book The Private Science of Louis Pasteur written by Gerald L. Geison and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Private Science of Louis Pasteur, Gerald Geison has written a controversial biography that finally penetrates the secrecy that has surrounded much of this legendary scientist's laboratory work. Geison uses Pasteur's laboratory notebooks, made available only recently, and his published papers to present a rich and full account of some of the most famous episodes in the history of science and their darker sides--for example, Pasteur's rush to develop the rabies vaccine and the human risks his haste entailed. The discrepancies between the public record and the "private science" of Louis Pasteur tell us as much about the man as they do about the highly competitive and political world he learned to master. Although experimental ingenuity served Pasteur well, he also owed much of his success to the polemical virtuosity and political savvy that won him unprecedented financial support from the French state during the late nineteenth century. But a close look at his greatest achievements raises ethical issues. In the case of Pasteur's widely publicized anthrax vaccine, Geison reveals its initial defects and how Pasteur, in order to avoid embarrassment, secretly incorporated a rival colleague's findings to make his version of the vaccine work. Pasteur's premature decision to apply his rabies treatment to his first animal-bite victims raises even deeper questions and must be understood not only in terms of the ethics of human experimentation and scientific method, but also in light of Pasteur's shift from a biological theory of immunity to a chemical theory--similar to ones he had often disparaged when advanced by his competitors. Through his vivid reconstruction of the professional rivalries as well as the national adulation that surrounded Pasteur, Geison places him in his wider cultural context. In giving Pasteur the close scrutiny his fame and achievements deserve, Geison's book offers compelling reading for anyone interested in the social and ethical dimensions of science. Originally published in 1995. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Download or read book Innate Immunity written by Yves Carton and published by Iste Press - Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-11-15 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innate immunity is a new branch of immunology, confirmed by three Nobel Prize winners in 2011. It is the first line of defense against pathogens and is in a way the preliminary step of adaptive immunity which occurs later, and only present in vertebrates. This book examines the way in which innate immunity was discovered in invertebrates. As a starting point, it looks at the work of Louis Pasteur on silkworm disease and the findings of Ilya Metchnikov, discoverer of phagocytosis. It also investigates André Paillot, who in 1920 demonstrated the existence of humoral immunity in insects, unrelated to the type of immunity that was initially thought to be present in all vertebrates. Finally, Innate Immunity shows how the group directed by Jules Hoffmann found strong similarities between the innate immunity response of insects and mammals. The discovery of a receptor protein in Drosophila, which is also found in humans, was what led to Jules Hoffmann being awarded the Nobel Prize in 2011. Presents the transformations experienced by the domains of innate immunity Shows the lineage of these results Bridges the gap between innate immunity of invertebrates and that of vertebrates
Download or read book A History of Immunology written by Arthur M. Silverstein and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-05-30 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an immunologist, A History of Immunology traces the concept of immunity from ancient times up to the present day, examining how changing concepts and technologies have affected the course of the science. It shows how the personalities of scientists and even political and social factors influenced both theory and practice in the field. With fascinating stories of scientific disputes and shifting scientific trends, each chapter examines an important facet of this discipline that has been so central to the development of modern biomedicine. With its biographical dictionary of important scientists and its lists of significant discoveries and books, this volume will provide the most complete historical reference in the field. Written in an elegant style by long-time practicing immunologist Discusses the changing theories and technologies that guided the field Tells of the exciting disputes among prominent scientists Lists all the important discoveries and books in the field Explains in detail the many Nobel prize-winning contributions of immunologists
Download or read book Pasteur s Heritage written by Louis Pasteur and published by . This book was released on 1995* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of the History of Medicine written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Biology and History of Molecular Biology New Perspectives written by Sahotra Sarkar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-09-30 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of papers which reflect the recent trends in the philosophy and history of molecular biology. It brings together historians, philosophers, and molecular biologists who reflect on the discipline's emergence in the 1950's, its explosive growth, and the directions in which it is going. Questions addressed include: (i) what are the limits of molecular biology? (ii) What is the relation of molecular biology to older subdisciplines of biology, especially biochemistry? (iii) Are there theories in molecular biology? (iv) If so, how are these theories structured? (v) What role did information theory play in the rise of molecular biology? The book will open the way for many future researchers.
Download or read book The Immune Self written by Alfred I. Tauber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Immune Self is the first extended philosophical critique of immunology.
Download or read book Accessions List South Asia written by Library of Congress. Library of Congress Office, New Delhi and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rabies Symptoms Diagnosis Prophylaxis and Treatment written by Charles Rupprecht and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Rabies Symptoms, Diagnosis, Prophylaxis and Treatment" that was published in TropicalMed
Download or read book Pasteur s Empire written by Aro Velmet and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why did "microbe hunters" at the Pasteur Institute become the most important health experts in the French empire in the early twentieth century? Pasteur's Empire illustrates how French microbiologists transformed life in the colonies in the name of humanitarian public health, which often had grave consequences for those living under French rule.
Download or read book Growing Explanations written by M. Norton Wise and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2004-11-24 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For much of the twentieth century scientists sought to explain objects and processes by reducing them to their components—nuclei into protons and neutrons, proteins into amino acids, and so on—but over the past forty years there has been a marked turn toward explaining phenomena by building them up rather than breaking them down. This collection reflects on the history and significance of this turn toward “growing explanations” from the bottom up. The essays show how this strategy—based on a widespread appreciation for complexity even in apparently simple processes and on the capacity of computers to simulate such complexity—has played out in a broad array of sciences. They describe how scientists are reordering knowledge to emphasize growth, change, and contingency and, in so doing, are revealing even phenomena long considered elementary—like particles and genes—as emergent properties of dynamic processes. Written by leading historians and philosophers of science, these essays examine the range of subjects, people, and goals involved in changing the character of scientific analysis over the last several decades. They highlight the alternatives that fields as diverse as string theory, fuzzy logic, artificial life, and immunology bring to the forms of explanation that have traditionally defined scientific modernity. A number of the essays deal with the mathematical and physical sciences, addressing concerns with hybridity and the materials of the everyday world. Other essays focus on the life sciences, where questions such as “What is life?” and “What is an organism?” are undergoing radical re-evaluation. Together these essays mark the contours of an ongoing revolution in scientific explanation. Contributors. David Aubin, Amy Dahan Dalmedico, Richard Doyle, Claus Emmeche, Peter Galison, Stefan Helmreich, Ann Johnson, Evelyn Fox Keller, Ilana Löwy, Claude Rosental, Alfred Tauber
Download or read book Jews and Medicine written by Frank Heynick and published by KTAV Publishing House, Inc.. This book was released on 2002 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Middle East B.C.E. to medieval Spain through the end of WWII, Frank Heynick traces the relationship between a people and a science in Jews and Medicine: An Epic Saga. The ancient ritual of circumcision, Maimonides, the Bavarian Jacob Henle and Nobel-winner Otto Loewi make appearances in this sweeping history of literary, religious and professional links between Judaism and medical practice. Heynick, a scholar of medical history and linguistics, discusses the sale of mummified remains as a cure for disease, the ascendance of psychoanalysis and hundreds of other famous and obscure historical moments. -Publisher's Weekly.
Download or read book Greater Than the Parts written by Christopher Lawrence and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1998 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of orthodox biomedicine in the twentieth century is usually depicted as one of icreasing reductionism and dependence on laboratory sciences and technology. Holism today is commonly regarded as an alternative to regular healing and a reaction to it. In fact, in the interwar years, clinicians and basic scientists in Europe and North America responded to what they perceived as the increasing reductionism, routinizing and mechanization of the biomedical sciences and clinical practice by creating holistic models of the body's activities and models of healing based the whole, individual sufferer. Holistic responses were also visible in public health and epidemiology. The essays collected here explore this previously neglected area. They show how the holistic turn in orthodox medicine in the interwar years was a reaction to the scietific reductionism and the specialization and division of labor and medicine. In addition, all show how this movement was part of a more general response to modernity itself, political, idealogical and cultural upheaval of the years between the war
Download or read book A History of Medicine written by Lois N. Magner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-03-17 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A non-technical, jargon-free presentation of the history of medicine from palaeopathology to recent theories and practices of modern medicine. It gives a wide-ranging overview of Western medicine and an introduction to the rich and varied medical traditions of the Near and Far East.;This text stresses the major themes in the history of medicine - placing the modern experience within the framework of historical issues - and it presents medical history as an important part of intellectual and social history, supplying students with an examination of the field that encourages them to question modern medical assumptions. Areas that are less familiar to students are highlighted, and case histories represent broader issues and trends.
Download or read book Science as Autobiography written by Thomas Soderqvist and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This biography probes the unusual mind, the dramatic life, and the outstanding scientific work of Danish-born immunologist Niels Jerne (1911–1994). Jerne’s Nobel Prize-winning achievements in the field of immunology place him in the pantheon of great twentieth-century biomedical theorists, yet his life is perhaps even more interesting than his science. Science as Autobiography tells Jerne’s story, weaving together a narrative of his life experiences, emotional life, and extraordinarily creative scientific work. A legendary figure who preferred an afternoon of conversation in a Paris wine bar to work in the laboratory, Jerne was renowned for his unparalleled powers of concentration and analytical keenness as well as his dissonant personal life. The book explores Jerne the man and scientist, making the fascinating argument that his life experience and view of himself became a metaphorical resource for the construction of his theories. The book also probes the moral issues that surrounded Jerne’s choice to sacrifice his family in favor of scientific goals and the pursuit of excellence.
