Download or read book Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer From Benchside Research to Bedside Reality written by Abhishek D Garg and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classically, anti-cancer therapies have always been applied with the primary aim of tumor debulking achieved through widespread induction of cancer cell death. While the role of host immune system is frequently considered as host protective in various (antigen-bearing) pathologies or infections yet in case of cancer overtime it was proposed that the host immune system either plays no role in therapeutic efficacy or plays a limited role that is therapeutically unemployable. The concept that the immune system is dispensable for the efficacy of anticancer therapies lingered on for a substantial amount of time; not only because evidence supporting the claim that anti-cancer immunity played a role were mainly contradictory, but also largely because it was considered acceptable (and sometimes still is) to test anticancer therapies in immunodeficient mice (i.e. SCID/athymic mice lacking adaptive immune system). This latter practice played a detrimental role in appreciating the role of anticancer immunity in cancer therapy. This scenario is epitomized by the fact that for a long time the very existence of cancer-associated antigens or cancer-associated ‘danger signaling’ remained controversial. However, over last several years this dogmatic view has been considerably modified. The existence of cancer-associated antigens and ‘danger signaling’ has been proven to be incontrovertible. These developments have together paved way for the establishment of the attractive concept of “immunogenic cell death” (ICD). It has been established that a restricted class of chemotherapeutics/targeted therapeutics, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy and certain oncolytic viruses can induce a form of cancer cell death called ICD which is accompanied by spatiotemporally defined emission of danger signals. These danger signals along with other factors help cancer cells undergoing ICD to activate host innate immune cells, which in turn activate T cell-based immunity that helps eradicate live (or residual) surviving cancer cells. The emergence of ICD has been marred by some controversy. ICD has been criticized to be either experimental model or setting-specific or mostly a concept based on rodent studies that may have very limited implications for clinical application. However, in recent times it has emerged (through mainly retrospective or prognostic studies) that ICD can work in various human clinical settings hinting towards clinical applicability of ICD. However a widespread consensus on this issue is still transitional. In the current Research Topic we aimed to organize and intensify a discussion that strives to bring together the academic and clinical research community in order to provide a background to the current state-of-the-art in ICD associated bench-side research and to initiate fruitful discussions on present and future prospects of ICD translating towards the clinical, bedside reality.
Download or read book Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer From Benchside Research to Bedside written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classically, anti-cancer therapies have always been applied with the primary aim of tumor debulking achieved through widespread induction of cancer cell death. While the role of host immune system is frequently considered as host protective in various (antigen-bearing) pathologies or infections yet in case of cancer overtime it was proposed that the host immune system either plays no role in therapeutic efficacy or plays a limited role that is therapeutically unemployable. The concept that the immune system is dispensable for the efficacy of anticancer therapies lingered on for a substantial amount of time; not only because evidence supporting the claim that anti-cancer immunity played a role were mainly contradictory, but also largely because it was considered acceptable (and sometimes still is) to test anticancer therapies in immunodeficient mice (i.e. SCID/athymic mice lacking adaptive immune system). This latter practice played a detrimental role in appreciating the role of anticancer immunity in cancer therapy. This scenario is epitomized by the fact that for a long time the very existence of cancer-associated antigens or cancer-associated 'danger signaling' remained controversial. However, over last several years this dogmatic view has been considerably modified. The existence of cancer-associated antigens and 'danger signaling' has been proven to be incontrovertible. These developments have together paved way for the establishment of the attractive concept of "immunogenic cell death" (ICD). It has been established that a restricted class of chemotherapeutics/targeted therapeutics, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy and certain oncolytic viruses can induce a form of cancer cell death called ICD which is accompanied by spatiotemporally defined emission of danger signals. These danger signals along with other factors help cancer cells undergoing ICD to activate host innate immune cells, which in turn activate T cell-based immunity that helps eradicate live (or residual) surviving cancer cells. The emergence of ICD has been marred by some controversy. ICD has been criticized to be either experimental model or setting-specific or mostly a concept based on rodent studies that may have very limited implications for clinical application. However, in recent times it has emerged (through mainly retrospective or prognostic studies) that ICD can work in various human clinical settings hinting towards clinical applicability of ICD. However a widespread consensus on this issue is still transitional. In the current Research Topic we aimed to organize and intensify a discussion that strives to bring together the academic and clinical research community in order to provide a background to the current state-of-the-art in ICD associated bench-side research and to initiate fruitful discussions on present and future prospects of ICD translating towards the clinical, bedside reality.
Download or read book Biomarkers of the Tumor Microenvironment written by Lars A. Akslen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-12 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews different aspects of the cancer microenvironment, and its regulation and importance for tumor progression. Methodological advancements and practical applications, in terms of how biomarkers are studied and increasingly included in clinical trials and therapy protocols, are described and discussed. Biomarkers of the Tumor Microenvironment is an educational resource for students and members of the cancer research community as a whole, especially for those using morphology analysis techniques and models focusing on the cross-talk between different cell types in tumors. The textbook provides a comprehensive overview of the microenvironment in various contexts from the perspectives of experienced and accomplished cancer researchers and clinicians.
Download or read book Cancer Nanotheranostics written by Muthupandian Saravanan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-05 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer Nanotheranostics, Volume 2 continues the discussion of the important work being done in this field of cancer nanotechnology. The contents of these two volumes are explained in detail as follows. In the first volume of Cancer Nanotheranostics, we discuss the role of different nanomaterials for cancer therapy including lipid-based nanomaterials, protein and peptide-based nanomaterials, polymer-based nanomaterials, metal-organic nanomaterials, porphyrin-based nanomaterials, metal-based nanomaterials, silica-based nanomaterials, exosome-based nanomaterials, and nano-antibodies. This important second volume discusses nano-based diagnosis of cancer, nano-oncology for clinical applications, nano-immunotherapy, nano-based photothermal cancer therapy, nanoerythrosomes for cancer drug delivery, regulatory perspectives of nanomaterials, limitations of cancer nanotheranostics, safety of nanobiomaterials for cancer nanotheranostics, multifunctional nanomaterials for targeting cancer nanotheranostics, and the role of artificial intelligence in cancer nanotheranostics. Volume 2 is a vital continuation of this two-volume set. Together, these two volumes create a comprehensive and unique examination of this important area of research.
Download or read book Dendrimers in Nanomedicine written by Neelesh Kumar Mehra and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-03-24 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dendrimers, hyperbranched macromolecules, emerged just few decades ago but show promising potential as drug delivery nanocarriers, theranostic agents and gene vectors; in the pharmaceutical research and innovation area as well as in other healthcare applications. Although tremendous advancements have been made in dendrimer chemistry and their applications since their emergence, the synthesis, development and design of pure and safe dendrimer-based products have been a major challenge in this area. This book, edited by well-known researchers in the area of nanomaterials and drug-based drug delivery applications, exhaustively covers the nanotechnological aspects, concepts, properties, characterisation, application, biofate and regulatory aspects of dendrimers. It includes sixteen vivid chapters by renowned formulators, researchers and academicians from all over the world, highlighting their specialised areas of interest in the fields of chemistry, biology, pharmacy and nanomedicine. Features: • Highlights dendrimers’ advancements in nanomedicine in the development of safe healthcare and biotechnological products • Covers physicochemical aspects, biofate, drug delivery aspects and gene therapy using dendrimers • Covers biomedical application of dendrimers in the field of biological sciences • Gives examples of dendrimer–guest interaction chemistry Dendrimers in Nanomedicine: Concept, Theory and Regulatory Perspectives provides the comprehensive overview of the latest research efforts in designing, optimising, development and scale-up of dendrimer-mediated delivery systems. It analyses the key challenges of synthesis, design, molecular modelling, fundamental concepts, drug delivery aspects, analytical tools and biological fate as well as regulatory consideration to the practical use of dendrimer application. Dr. Neelesh Kumar Mehra Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutics in the Department of Pharmaceutics at the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India. He has authored more than sixty peer-reviewed publications in highly reputed international journals, as well as book chapters and contributions on two patents. Dr. Mehra has 11 years of rich research and teaching experience in the formulation and development of complex, innovative biopharmaceutical products including micro- and nanotechnologies for regulated markets. Dr. Keerti Jain Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutics in the Department of Pharmaceutics, NIPER, Raebareli, India. For more than 10 years, she has been actively engaged in formulation and development of nanomedicines. Dr. Jain has supervised masters and doctoral pharmaceutics students in their research works which have been published in high quality, good impact factor journals. She has also authored more than 60 international manuscripts in peer reviewed high impact journals. In 2019, she was awarded the prestigious ICMR-Amir Shakuntala Award.
Download or read book Antibody Drug Discovery written by Clive R. Wood and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antibody-based therapeutics are a central driver of the success of biopharmaceuticals. The discovery technology of this field is isolated to a limited number of centers of excellence in industry and academia. The objective of this volume is to provide a series of guides to those evaluating and preparing to enter particular areas within the field. Each chapter is written with a historical perspective that sets into context the significance of the key developments, and with the provision of “points to consider” for the reader as a value-added feature of the volume. All contributors are experts in their fields and have played pivotal roles in the creation of the technology.
Download or read book Regulation of Cancer Immune Checkpoints written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book systematically reviews the most important findings on cancer immune checkpoints, sharing essential insights into this rapidly evolving yet largely unexplored research topic. The past decade has seen major advances in cancer immune checkpoint therapy, which has demonstrated impressive clinical benefits. The family of checkpoints for mediating cancer immune evasion now includes CTLA-4, PD-1/PD-L1, CD27/CD70, FGL-1/LAG-3, Siglec-15, VISTA (PD-1L)/VSIG3, CD47/SIRPA, APOE/LILRB4, TIGIT, and many others. Despite these strides, most patients do not show lasting remission, and some cancers have been completely resistant to the therapy. The potentially lethal adverse effects of checkpoint blockade represent another major challenge, the mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. Compared to the cancer signaling pathways, such as p53 and Ras, mechanistic studies on immune checkpoint pathways are still in their infancy. To improve the responses to checkpoint blockade therapy and limit the adverse effects, it is essential to understand the molecular regulation of checkpoint molecules in both malignant and healthy cells/tissues. This book begins with an introduction to immune checkpoint therapy and its challenges, and subsequently describes the regulation of checkpoints at different levels. In closing, it discusses recent therapeutic developments based on mechanistic findings, and outlines goals for future translational studies. The book offers a valuable resource for researchers in the cancer immunotherapy field, helping to form a roadmap for checkpoint regulation and develop safer and more effective immunotherapies.
Download or read book Drug Resistance in Leishmania Parasites written by Alicia Ponte-Sucre and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-04 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the main problems concerning therapeutic tools for the treatment of parasitic diseases, including leishmaniasis, is that some field parasites are naturally resistant to the classical drugs; additionally, current therapies may select parasites prone to be resistant to the applied drugs. These features are (at least partially) responsible for the disappointing persistence of the disease and resultant deaths worldwide. This book provides a comprehensive view of the pathology of the disease itself, and of parasitic drug resistance, its molecular basis, consequences and possible treatments. Scientists both from academic fields and from the industry involved in biomedical research and drug design, will find in this book a valuable and fundamental guide that conveys the knowledge needed to understand and to improve the success in combating this disease worldwide.
Download or read book Phagocytosis of Dying Cells written by Dmitri V. Krysko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-10 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phagocytosis has been at the forefront of cell biology for more than a century. Initially, phagocytosis, which comes from Greek words meaning “devouring cells,” was discovered in the late 19th century by Ilya Metchnikoff, who was awarded, together with Paul Ehrlich, the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1908 “in recognition of their work on immunity.” At that time Metchnikoff had already identified a function for phagocytes not only in host defense but also as scavengers of degenerating host cells during metamorphosis of tadpoles, thus providing one of the first descriptions of apoptotic cell clearance by macrophages (Kaufmann 2008). Since then, much has been learned about phagocytosis, and the previous several decades have witnessed outstanding progress in understanding the functions and the molecular mechanisms of phagocytosis. Two main types of targets are cleared by phagocytosis: microbial pathogens and dying cells. Rapid recognition and clearance of dying cells by phagocytes plays a pivotal role in development, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, control of immune responses, and resolution of inflammation. Clearance of dying cells can be divided into several stages, including sensing, r- ognition, binding and signaling, internalization, and immunological responses. In this book, our contributors address these different stages of dead cell cle- ance and examine how impaired clearance of dying cells may lead to human d- eases. We have attempted to provide sufficient cross-referencing and indexing to enable the reader to easily locate the ideas elaborated in the different chapters.
Download or read book WHO Classification of Tumours Digestive System Tumours written by and published by International Agency for Research on Cancer. This book was released on 2019-07-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Digestive System Tumours is the first volume in the fifth edition of the WHO series on the classification of human tumors. This series (also known as the WHO Blue Books) is regarded as the gold standard for the diagnosis of tumors and comprises a unique synthesis of histopathological diagnosis with digital and molecular pathology. These authoritative and concise reference books provide indispensable international standards for anyone involved in the care of patients with cancer or in cancer research, underpinning individual patient treatment as well as research into all aspects of cancer causation, prevention, therapy, and education.
Download or read book New Trends in Cancer for the 21st Century written by Antonio Llombart-Bosch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the latest advances in cancer research, which includes basic research and its derived diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic applications, the book New Trends in Cancer for the 21st Century is written by individuals such as molecular biologists, whose tasks are to decipher, after sequencing the human genome, those new genes and pathways involved in the carcinogenesis process; clinical and molecular pathologists, who apply these discoveries for the molecular diagnosis and characterization of the tumor; and clinical oncologists, who treat patients. Pharmacogenetics introduces new perspectives in the translational fields with the design of drugs against specific targets, which at this moment are in clinical trials phases. This book achieves a state of the art in every field of cancer research and discusses the new perspectives that will open the future for cancer treatment (basic research, new technologies, new drugs, therapies...). For this reason, the book is intended for pathologists, clinicians, and biologists, as well as fellows and students of physiology and medicine.
Download or read book Pharmaceutical Biotechnology written by Daan J. A. Crommelin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-11-14 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of pharmaceutical biotechnology is evolving rapidly. A whole new arsenal of protein pharmaceuticals is being produced by recombinant techniques for cancer, viral infections, cardiovascular and hereditary disorders, and other diseases. In addition, scientists are confronted with new technologies such as polymerase chain reactions, combinatorial chemistry and gene therapy. This introductory textbook provides extensive coverage of both the basic science and the applications of biotechnology-produced pharmaceuticals, with special emphasis on their clinical use. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology serves as a complete one-stop source for undergraduate pharmacists, and it is valuable for researchers and professionals in the pharmaceutical industry as well.
Download or read book Human Skin Cancers written by Miroslav Blumenberg and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-05-02 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human skin cancers, the most common type of tumors, represent a significant health burden. The deadliest is unquestionably melanoma. Half of melanomas have an activating mutation in the BRAF gene, prompting development of novel drugs, vemurafenib and dabrafenib, specifically targeting mutated BRAF. Trametinib and cobimetinib, which block MEK, a BRAF effector protein, have been used in combination with BRAF inhibitors. A promising new melanoma treatment is immunotherapy, approach that boosts patient's own immune system to attack cancer. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab inhibit PD-1, whereas Ipilimumab targets CTLA-4, another immunity check point, to boost the immune response. Here we focus on pathways, mechanisms, targets and treatments of human skin cancers, with particular emphasis on the new developments in the research on melanomas.
Download or read book Therapeutic Antibody Engineering written by William R Strohl and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-10-16 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of antibody engineering has become a vital and integral part of making new, improved next generation therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, of which there are currently more than 300 in clinical trials across several therapeutic areas. Therapeutic antibody engineering examines all aspects of engineering monoclonal antibodies and analyses the effect that various genetic engineering approaches will have on future candidates. Chapters in the first part of the book provide an introduction to monoclonal antibodies, their discovery and development and the fundamental technologies used in their production. Following chapters cover a number of specific issues relating to different aspects of antibody engineering, including variable chain engineering, targets and mechanisms of action, classes of antibody and the use of antibody fragments, among many other topics. The last part of the book examines development issues, the interaction of human IgGs with non-human systems, and cell line development, before a conclusion looking at future issues affecting the field of therapeutic antibody engineering. - Goes beyond the standard engineering issues covered by most books and delves into structure-function relationships - Integration of knowledge across all areas of antibody engineering, development, and marketing - Discusses how current and future genetic engineering of cell lines will pave the way for much higher productivity
Download or read book Biopharmaceuticals written by Gary Walsh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-29 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest edition of this highly acclaimed textbook, provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the science and medical applications of biopharmaceutical products. Biopharmaceuticals refers to pharmaceutical substances derived from biological sources, and increasingly, it is synonymous with 'newer' pharmaceutical substances derived from genetic engineering or hybridoma technology. This superbly written review of the important areas of investigation in the field, covers drug production, plus the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action together with the biotechnology of major biopharmaceutical types on the market or currently under development. There is also additional material reflecting both the technical advances in the area and detailed information on key topics such as the influence of genomics on drug discovery.
Download or read book Advances in Cancer Research written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-01-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Cancer Research, Volume 137, the latest release in this ongoing, well-regarded serial provides invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. This volume presents original reviews on research bridging oncology and gene expression, with this volume covering unconventional approaches to modulating the immunogenicity of tumor cells, tumor dormancy and immunoediting, the emerging role of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins in chemoresistance, Beclin-1 and autophagy, MDA-7/IL-24, and nanotechnology and medicine.
Download or read book Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Molecular Infection Biology Pathogenesis Diagnostics and New Interventions written by Seyed Ehtesham Hasnain and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-12-11 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews recent advances in the molecular and infection biology, pathology, and molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as the identification and validation of novel molecular drug targets for the treatment of this mycobacterial disease. Despite being completely curable, tuberculosis is still one of the leading global causes of death. M. tuberculosis, the causative organism – one of the smartest pathogens known – adopts highly intelligent strategies for survival and pathogenesis. Presenting a wealth of information on the molecular infection biology of M. tuberculosis, as well as nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), the book provides an overview of the functional role of the PE/PPE group of proteins, which is exclusive to the genus Mycobacteria, of host-pathogen interactions, and virulence. It also explores the pathogenesis of the infection, pathology, epidemiology, and diagnosis of NTM. Finally it discusses current and novel approaches in vaccine development against tuberculosis, including the role of nanotechnology. With state-of-the-art contributions from experts in the respective domains, this book is an informative resource for practitioners as well as medical postgraduate students and researchers.
