Download or read book Simian Immunodeficiency Virus written by Norman L. Letvin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the lentivirus subfamily of retroviruses has greatly intensified due to the realization that HIV-1 and HIV-2 are members of this previously obscure group. Related lentiviruses have now been isolated from sheep, goats, horses, cattle, cats, monkeys, and humans. This issue of CTMI is devoted to the lentiviruses of nonhuman primates, referred to as simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). The SIVs provide valuable tools for our quest to understand and control the HIVs, which are obviously important new human pathogens. Included in this volume are discussions of the distribution and molecular phylogeny of the SIVs and their use as animal models for the study of AIDS pathogenesis, and the chapters clearly illustrate how SIV models are contributing to our understanding of the ability of host immune responses to control infection at least temporarily and the ability of virus to evade these host immune defenses.
Download or read book Immunobiology of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus written by Benjamin R. Vowels and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Immune Escape from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIV Implications for Vaccination and Tracking Latent Virus written by Jeanette Caroline Reece and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Natural Hosts of SIV written by Aftab A. Ansari and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-07-04 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Hosts of SIV: Implications in AIDS thoroughly reviews the possible mechanisms by which African nonhuman primate natural hosts of lentiviruses remain essentially disease-free while other hosts exhibit disease and death. The book ultimately indicates directions for further research and potential translations of this compelling phenomenon into novel approaches to treat and prevent HIV. When Asian non-human primate non-natural hosts are experimentally infected with viruses isolated from African species, disease and death normally results. Meanwhile, these African nonhuman primate natural hosts maintain similar levels of plasma and cellular viremia and exhibit compellingly different, essentially disease-free, states. This work attempts to answer the question of how the natural host remains disease resistant. Summarizes the past 30 years of research in this field and describes the latest developments in AIDS research using nonhuman primate animal models Provides insights into how this large body of scientific work can be translated into novel approaches to treat and prevent HIV Highlights the areas that merit future pursuit, focusing on potential applications for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection
Download or read book Models of Protection Against HIV SIV written by Gianfranco Pancino and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-12-02 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A successful vaccine for the prevention and/or immunotherapy against HIV/AIDS is one of the prominent challenges of the 21st century. To date, all human vaccine trials against this virus/disease have resulted in failure, or at best have shown very low efficacy. The scientific community dealing with HIV/AIDS has unanimously proposed a focus on basic science, with the intention of identifying correlates of protection that can serve as guides in developing and evaluating vaccine preparation. However, Nature seems to have already found several ways of dealing with infections by HIV and related primate lentiviruses, either by resisting infection or, once infected, avoiding immune damage and immunodeficiency. Models of Protection Against HIV/SIV will allow for an in-depth reflection on the perspectives for vaccine and therapy research derived from important recent studies. It will be authored by some of the most well known specialists in the field of HIV resistance/protection: including F. Barré-Sinoussi (2008 Nobel Prize for Medicine winner), B. Walker, S. Rowland-Jones, A. Telenti, M. Lederman and F. Plummer. This book is structured in a unique way, looking at three models of resistance/protection separately and then comparing the models against one another to provide its readership with a detailed examination of the research that is most predominant in the search for a vaccine. This structure presents the information in an easy-to-understand format and gives the book a cross-discipline appeal -- an important reference for those in the scientific community, medical care, public health and academia alike. Provides extensive descriptions and comparisons on the different models of protection agains HIV/AIDS Comprehensive writing and illustrations Contributors are among the most eminent specialists in the field
Download or read book Evaluating the Kinetics of Proinflammatory Immune Responses to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Rhesus Macaques by Transcrptional Analysis written by Michael Cartwright and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the host response immediately following mucosal HIV-1 infection will be pivotal in determining whether the immune response induced by a vaccine will successfully sense and control viral replication. In order for effective vaccine strategies and modalities to be developed, these earliest immunological events must be fully assessed in a non-biased manner. Nonhuman primates (NHP), specifically Rhesus macaques (RM), serve as a model to investigate the immunological landscape immediately post-challenge and to define the spatiotemporal path of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). SIV infection of RM serves as a model of human HIV infection as it recapitulates many of the virological, immunological, and pathological features of HIV infection vii in the human host. In this thesis I will test the hypothesis whether transcriptional analysis will allow a sensitive measure of the early innate immune responses that accompany detection of the SIV virus in the periphery. I have determined that an early inflammatory profile arises early in tissues proximal to the challenge site that precedes widespread immune activation and the systemic antiviral interferon response. This study defines in detail the spatiotemporal relationship between virus and host immune response and may be a valuable resource in guiding future vaccine design strategies.
Download or read book Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-12-05 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years, experiments using chimpanzees have been instrumental in advancing scientific knowledge and have led to new medicines to prevent life-threatening and debilitating diseases. However, recent advances in alternate research tools have rendered chimpanzees largely unnecessary as research subjects. The Institute of Medicine, in collaboration with the National Research Council, conducted an in-depth analysis of the scientific necessity for chimpanzees in NIH-funded biomedical and behavioral research. The committee concludes that while the chimpanzee has been a valuable animal model in the past, most current biomedical research use of chimpanzees is not necessary, though noted that it is impossible to predict whether research on emerging or new diseases may necessitate chimpanzees in the future.
Download or read book Simian Immunodeficiency Virus New Insights for the Healthcare Professional 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-10 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyPaper™ that delivers timely, authoritative, and intensively focused information about Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in a compact format. The editors have built Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Immune and intrinsic correlates of protection in Rhesus macaques immunised against Simian Immunodeficiency Virus written by Washingtone Ochieng' and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2007 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies of the Immunological Function of Mice Transgenic for Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Nef written by Nicholette B. Larsen and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Immunology and the Quest for an HIV Vaccine written by Dr. Omar Bagasra, MD, PhD and Dr. Donald Gene Pace, PhD and published by Author House. This book was released on 2012-01-13 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How many human immune systems are there? How old are they? Why is there no AIDS vaccine? Is a new approach needed? Why is public opinion growing skeptical of the scientific community after three decades of public awareness about HIV/AIDS? Consider answers to these puzzling questions. Learn from the decades of experience of two senior scholars: Dr. Omar Bagasra (an eminent molecular biologist, immunologist, and retrovirologist) and Dr. Donald Gene Pace (a highly published writer who examines public health policy). Explore intriguing new possibilities about human immunity, and the development of an effective AIDS vaccine. Read Immunology and the Quest for an HIV Vaccine. Benefit from an informed synthesis backed by a wealth of peer-reviewed scientific references. Review basic concepts of immunology, and stretch your perspective by contemplating this creative synthesis that provides a provocative treatise on the origin, evolution, and etiology of several forms of immune systems. Consider compelling ideas that will have an important bearing on HIV vaccine development. Enjoy this informative volume designed for anyone interested in the development of a safe AIDS vaccine, for anyone curious about present knowledge about human immunity, and for anyone yearning for a solution to the global pandemic that is AIDS.
Download or read book Simian Retroviruses Advances in Research and Application 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simian Retroviruses—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Simian Retroviruses in a concise format. The editors have built Simian Retroviruses—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Simian Retroviruses in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Simian Retroviruses—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book The Human Immunodeficiency Virus written by Emilio Emini and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2002-01-27 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past few years have witnessed an explosive increase in our collective knowledge of the biology of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Researchers have acquired new understanding of the virus's biochemistry, molecular biology, pathogenesis, genetics, and immunobiology. Resulting therapeutic advances have significantly prolonged the lives of thousands. Yet, the need to develop better therapies is ever more acute and--given the virus's continued spread through the human population--the need for an effective vaccine is urgent. These goals can be accomplished only through the experienced synthesis of information from the many disciplines participating in HIV research and through the insights of new investigators. This volume is designed to lower the barriers imposed on investigators by the sheer volume of available information--information that often can be found only in far-flung and specialized journals. It provides, in a single resource, an in-depth overview of the diverse areas that constitute HIV research. The result is a broad introduction for students and researchers new to the field as well as an integrated overview for researchers specialized in particular areas of HIV investigation. The volume will also benefit those seeking technical understanding of the virus's biology, including physicians treating HIV-infected patients. Each chapter is a comprehensive presentation of one area of current AIDS research--including work on the virus life cycle, epidemiology, genetics, protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors, receptor and co-receptor interactions, therapeutic targets, clinical treatment, immunobiology, and vaccines--written by a leading researcher in that area. The contributors are Jon P. Anderson, Jan Balzarini, Elana Cherry, Thomas J. Coates, Chris Collins, Jon H. Condra, Mark B. Feinberg, Richard B. Gaynor, Matthias Götte, Daria J. Hazuda, Spyros Kalams, Nathaniel R. Landau, Gerald H. Learn, Norman L. Letvin, James I. Mullins, Willscott E. Naugler, David Nickle, Matthew Rain, Allen G. Rodrigo, Daniel Shriner, Shalom Spira, Mario Stevenson, Todd Summers, Catherine Ulich, Joseph P. Vacca, Mark A. Wainberg, Bruce D. Walker, and Yang Wang.
Download or read book Simian Retroviruses Advances in Research and Application 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simian Retroviruses: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Simian Retroviruses in a concise format. The editors have built Simian Retroviruses: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Simian Retroviruses in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Simian Retroviruses: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book HIV Immunology and HIV SIV Vaccine Databases written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book MECHANISMS OF IMMUNE PROTECTIO written by Xian Tang and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Mechanisms of Immune Protection Against Simian Immunodeficiency Virus" by 唐娴, Xian, Tang, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: The lack of an effective HIV vaccine calls for efforts to investigate the mechanism of protective immunity against AIDS viruses. It has been previously demonstrated that the live replication-competent modified vaccinia virus Tiantan (MVTT) is superior to non-replication vaccinia MVA in inducing high levels of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV infection via mucosal vaccination. Therefore, the hypothesis was that MVTT could be a better HIV vaccine vector given its highly attenuated phenotypes such as no neurovirulence and safe in severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) mice. Here, a recombinant MVTT expressing SIVmac239 Gag-Pol and Env (rMVTTSIVgpe) was constructed and its immunogenicity was assesed when administered via different routes using homologous prime-boost strategies or in heterologous regimens boosted with a recombinant adenovirus-based vaccine inserted matched SIVmac239 genes (rAd5SIVgpe). Results show that the heterologous prime-boost immunization with rMVTTSIVgpe and rAd5SIVgpe induces significantly greater humoral and T cell responses specific to SIV Gag, Pol and Env than homologous inoculations in mice with remarkable improvements in quality and quantity. The further study comparing different combinations of rMVTTSIVgpe and rAd5SIVgpe demonstrates that the rMVTTSIVgpe prime-rAd5SIVgpe boost regimens elicit systemic CD8+ T cell responses with augmented magnitude and polyfunctionality, as compared with rAd5SIVgpe-rMVTTSIVgpe and rAd5SIVgpe-rAd5SIVgpe regimens. Priming with rMVTTSIVgpe also increases frequencies of gut-homing Gag-specific CD8+ T cells (CCR9+47+ and CCR6+47+) and levels of CD8+ T cell ELISPOT responses against Gag, Pol and Env in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) post-boost. The mucosal route of immunization is essential for rMVTTSIVgpe to induce rectal IgG with detectable neutralizing activity against SIVmac1A11. Furthermore, the regimen involving mucosal prime with rMVTTSIVgpe followed by systemic boost with rAd5SIVgpe proves to be efficient in protecting monkeys from mucosal challenge of a high dose of SIVmac239, a CCR5-tropic strain with high pathogenicity and neutralization-resistance. SIV-specific T cell ELISPOT responses specific to Gag and Pol but not Env and the frequency of Gag-specific IFN-+TNF-+CD8+ effector memory T cells (TEM) are likely associated with virological control after challenge. Mucosal immunity induced by this vaccination strategy also has important implications to the effectiveness of protection against disease progression. A hypothesis was generated that removal of non-protective but immune dominant determinant of SIVmac239 Env may drive antibody responses to protective domains. It was found that the neutralization-resistance of SIVmac239 could be partially explained by its high immunogenicity in eliciting CD4-induced neutralizing antibodies, which are unable to protect the CCR5-binding site due to the conformational masking and steric restriction. It was discovered that the immunodominance of CD4-induced neutralizing antibodies on SIV envelope is determined by a single highly conserved N-linked glycosylation site (N277) in the C2 domain. Substitution of this N-linked site abolishes viral entry and the immunogenicity of the CD4i domain while promotes V2-specific antibody responses, which
Download or read book Disease Pathogenesis and Immune Response in Rhesus Monkey Fetuses and Neonates Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus written by Moses G. Otsyula and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
