Download or read book Immune Restoration in the Gastrointestinal Mucosal Lymphoid Tissue of HIV Infected Patients During HAART written by Moraima Guadalupe and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Restoration of the Gut Mucosal Immune System and Function in HIV and SIV Infections written by Mónica Macal and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Persistence of HIV 1 and SIV Viral Reservoirs in Gut associated Lymphoid Tissue written by Paula Lerner and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) is the largest lymphoid organ in the body, as well as an important site for early viral replication and substantial depletion of memory CD4+ T-cells in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) effectively suppresses HIV replication and restores CD4+ T-cell numbers in the peripheral blood of HIV infected patients, yet, patients on HAART display slow and incomplete restoration of CD4+ T cells in GALT. Information about the persistence of HIV reservoirs and their evolution in GALT is limited. My research project for the Ph.D. focused on the investigation of the establishment of HIV reservoirs in GALT during the initial stages of HIV infection and their evolution during therapy or therapy interruption. We utilized the simian immunodeficiency virus infected rhesus macaque model of AIDS to investigate the establishment and compartmentalization of viral reservoirs in the CD4+ T cells from GALT, lymph nodes and peripheral blood during the course of viral infection as well as during therapy. We investigated HIV reservoirs in GALT and PBMC and their impact on the gut mucosal immune system from three HIV-infected patients who initiated HAART during primary HIV infection and opted to interrupt HAART by phylogenetic analysis of viral variants, flow cytometric analysis of changes in T- cell homeostasis and DNA microarray analysis of altered gene expression profiles of the molecular processes. A rapid increase in plasma viral loads with a modest decline in peripheral blood CD4+ T-cells was observed following HAART interruption. However, severe loss of mucosal CD4+ T-cells occurred. This was accompanied by increased mucosal gene expression regulating IFN mediated antiviral responses and immune activation; a profile similar to those found in HAART-naïve chronically HIV infected patients. Longitudinal HIV sequence analysis revealed that proviral variants in GALT and PBMC exhibited low levels of genomic diversity and not much divergence throughout the infection, even after therapy interruption. An unchanged population of infected cells persisted in GALT months after HAART interruption. Sequence analysis of rebound virus suggested that GALT was not the major contributor to the post-interruption plasma viremia nor were GALT HIV reservoirs rapidly replaced by HIV rebound variants, at least 9-12 months after therapy interruption. In a comparative study, we utilized the SIV model to study compartmentalization of viral populations in CD4+ T-cells from GALT, lymph nodes and peripheral blood during therapy. Data on viral load profiles in plasma and tissues, phylogenetic analyses and quantitative measurements of viral population structure suggested that residual viral replication persisted in GALT during therapy. Secondly, compartmentalization of proviral populations between GALT and other lymphoid tissues was observed. However, limited exchange of variants between GALT and peripheral sites over time was evident. Based on gene flow analysis of tissue and peripheral blood compartments, residual plasma RNA during antiretroviral therapy seemed to originate from GALT and lymph nodes as well as the peripheral blood. Our data supports a model of early establishment of stable viral reservoirs in the GALT. Our findings suggest that early detection and treatment of HIV and SIV infection might be beneficial in controlling viral evolution and limiting establishment of diverse viral reservoirs.

Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of HIV 1 Pathogenesis in Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue written by Sumathi Sankaran and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Restoration of T Cell Subsets and Gene Expression Patterns in the Intestinal Mucosa Following Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Or Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infections written by Elizabeth Reay and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook on Immunosenescence written by Tamas Fulop and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-27 with total page 1693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative handbook covers all aspects of immunosenescence, with contributions from experts in the research and clinical areas. It examines methods and models for studying immunosenescence; genetics; mechanisms including receptors and signal transduction; clinical relevance in disease states including infections, autoimmunity, cancer, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, frailty and osteoporosis; and much more.

Download or read book HIV 1 Latency written by Guido Silvestri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarizes recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of HIV-1 latency, in characterizing residual viral reservoirs, and in developing targeted interventions to reduce HIV-1 persistence during antiretroviral therapy. Specific chapters address the molecular mechanisms that govern and regulate HIV-1 transcription and latency; assays and technical approaches to quantify viral reservoirs in humans and animal models; the complex interchange between viral reservoirs and the host immune system; computational strategies to model viral reservoir dynamics; and the development of therapeutic approaches that target viral reservoir cells. With contributions from an interdisciplinary group of investigators that cover a broad spectrum of subjects, from molecular virology to proof-of-principle clinical trials, this book is a valuable resource for basic scientists, translational investigators, infectious-disease physicians, individuals living with HIV/AIDS and the general public.

Download or read book Nutrition and HIV written by Saurabh Mehta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world continues to lose more than a million lives each year to the HIV epidemic, and nearly two million individuals were infected with HIV in 2017 alone. The new Sustainable Development Goals, adopted by countries of the United Nations in September 2015, include a commitment to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. Considerable emphasis on prevention of new infections and treatment of those living with HIV will be needed to make this goal achievable. With nearly 37 million people now living with HIV, it is a communicable disease that behaves like a noncommunicable disease. Nutritional management is integral to comprehensive HIV care and treatment. Improved nutritional status and weight gain can increase recovery and strength of individuals living with HIV/AIDS, improve dietary diversity and caloric intake, and improve quality of life. This book highlights evidence-based research linking nutrition and HIV and identifies research gaps to inform the development of guidelines and policies for the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. A comprehensive approach that includes nutritional interventions is likely to maximize the benefit of antiretroviral therapy in preventing HIV disease progression and other adverse outcomes in HIV-infected men and women. Modification of nutritional status has been shown to enhance the quality of life of those suffering HIV/AIDS, both physically in terms of improved body mass index and immunological markers, and psychologically, by improving symptoms of depression. While the primary focus for those infected should remain on antiretroviral treatment and increasing its availability and coverage, improvement of nutritional status plays a complementary role in the management of HIV infection.

Download or read book The Biology of Human Longevity written by Caleb E. Finch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-28 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by Caleb Finch, one of the leading scientists of our time, The Biology of Human Longevity: Inflammation, Nutrition, and Aging in the Evolution of Lifespans synthesizes several decades of top research on the topic of human aging and longevity particularly on the recent theories of inflammation and its effects on human health. The book expands a number of existing major theories, including the Barker theory of fetal origins of adult disease to consider the role of inflammation and Harmon's free radical theory of aging to include inflammatory damage. Future increases in lifespan are challenged by the obesity epidemic and spreading global infections which may reverse the gains made in lowering inflammatory exposure. This timely and topical book will be of interest to anyone studying aging from any scientific angle. - Author Caleb Finch is a highly influential and respected scientist, ranked in the top half of the 1% most cited scientists - Provides a novel synthesis of existing ideas about the biology of longevity and aging - Incorporates important research findings from several disciplines, including Gerontology, Genomics, Neuroscience, Immunology, Nutrition

Download or read book Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These guidelines provide guidance on the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection and the care of people living with HIV. They are structured along the continuum of HIV testing, prevention, treatment and care. This edition updates the 2013 consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs following an extensive review of evidence and consultations in mid-2015, shared at the end of 2015, and now published in full in 2016. It is being published in a changing global context for HIV and for health more broadly.

Download or read book Control of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses during Infectious Diseases written by Julio Aliberti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-21 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Upon infection the host needs to mount vigorous immune response against pathogen in order to successfully control its replication. However, once the infectious agent is controlled or eliminated, host cells need to signal the immune system to slow or cease its activities. While vast knowledge has been accumulated through the years on the mechanisms involved in the initiation and effector phases of the immune responses, the pathways triggered in order to modulate or end innate and acquired immunity are becoming more evident as evidence for its relevance comes to surface. Due to its biological power, evidence has surfaced indicating that eventually pathogens may take advantage of such regulatory pathways in order to escape effector mechanisms and progress to persistence. This book will discuss several cellular pathways involved in controlling immune response in the context of infectious diseases, their biological consequences and potential "hijack" of these pathways for the benefit of pathogen leading towards pathogen persistence as opposed to clearance.

Download or read book Infectious Agent Induced Chronic Immune Activation Causes Phenotypes and Consequences written by Pierre Corbeau and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-28 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-12-05 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years, experiments using chimpanzees have been instrumental in advancing scientific knowledge and have led to new medicines to prevent life-threatening and debilitating diseases. However, recent advances in alternate research tools have rendered chimpanzees largely unnecessary as research subjects. The Institute of Medicine, in collaboration with the National Research Council, conducted an in-depth analysis of the scientific necessity for chimpanzees in NIH-funded biomedical and behavioral research. The committee concludes that while the chimpanzee has been a valuable animal model in the past, most current biomedical research use of chimpanzees is not necessary, though noted that it is impossible to predict whether research on emerging or new diseases may necessitate chimpanzees in the future.

Download or read book Models of Protection Against HIV SIV written by Gianfranco Pancino and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-12-02 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A successful vaccine for the prevention and/or immunotherapy against HIV/AIDS is one of the prominent challenges of the 21st century. To date, all human vaccine trials against this virus/disease have resulted in failure, or at best have shown very low efficacy. The scientific community dealing with HIV/AIDS has unanimously proposed a focus on basic science, with the intention of identifying correlates of protection that can serve as guides in developing and evaluating vaccine preparation. However, Nature seems to have already found several ways of dealing with infections by HIV and related primate lentiviruses, either by resisting infection or, once infected, avoiding immune damage and immunodeficiency. Models of Protection Against HIV/SIV will allow for an in-depth reflection on the perspectives for vaccine and therapy research derived from important recent studies. It will be authored by some of the most well known specialists in the field of HIV resistance/protection: including F. Barré-Sinoussi (2008 Nobel Prize for Medicine winner), B. Walker, S. Rowland-Jones, A. Telenti, M. Lederman and F. Plummer. This book is structured in a unique way, looking at three models of resistance/protection separately and then comparing the models against one another to provide its readership with a detailed examination of the research that is most predominant in the search for a vaccine. This structure presents the information in an easy-to-understand format and gives the book a cross-discipline appeal -- an important reference for those in the scientific community, medical care, public health and academia alike. Provides extensive descriptions and comparisons on the different models of protection agains HIV/AIDS Comprehensive writing and illustrations Contributors are among the most eminent specialists in the field

Download or read book Antimicrobial Chemotherapy written by Roger Finch and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-01-05 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antimicrobial agents are essential for the treatment of life-threatening infections and for managing the burden of minor infections in the community. In addition, they play a key role in organ and bone marrow transplantation, cancer chemotherapy, artificial joint and heart valve surgery. Unlike other classes of medicines, they are vulnerable to resistance from mutations in target microorganisms, and their adverse effects may extend to other patients (increased risk of cross-infection). As a consequence, there is a constant requirement for new agents, as well as practices that ensure the continued effective prescribing of licensed agents. Public awareness and concerns about drug resistant organisms has led to widespread publicity and political action in the UK, Europe and worldwide. The control of drug resistance and the implementation of good prescribing practice are now legal requirements in the UK as a result of the UK Health Act (2008). These fundamental changes underscore the need for a thorough understanding of the advantages and risks associated with specific antibiotic choices. This sixth edition of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy continues to be a valuable resource for undergraduates and graduates requiring a thorough grounding in the scientific basis and clinical application of these drugs. This new edition is updated to include the most recently licensed agents, notably in the treatment of viral infections including HIV/AIDS, and contains new guidance on prescribing practice and infection control practices that limit the development and spread of resistant organisms.

Download or read book Sande s HIV AIDS Medicine written by Paul Volberding and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-04-13 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Access the latest information available in the challenging area of HIV/AIDS management with Sande's HIV/AIDS Medicine, 2nd Edition. Authored by a veritable "who's who" of current global experts in the field, this medical reference book will provide you with all the practical, indispensable guidance you'll need to offer your patients the best possible care. Access reliable, up-to-the-minute guidance that addresses the realities of HIV/AIDS management in your geographical region, thanks to contributions from a global cast of renowned expert clinicians and researchers. Locate the clinically actionable information you need quickly with an organization that mirrors the current state of the AIDS epidemic and the different needs of Western vs. developing-world patients and clinicians. Diagnose AIDS manifestations confidently by comparing them to clinical images. Improve patient outcomes with the latest findings on the management of AIDS as a chronic illness. Efficiently review essential data through numerous at-a-glance tables. Get the most relevant information available on pediatric HIV and AIDS issues; anti-retroviral drugs, including integrase inhibitors; and the use of second- and third-line anti-retroviral drugs in resource-poor settings. Stay current on the latest actionable information, such as using antiretroviral therapy in patients with tuberculosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis; antiretroviral therapy; immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromes (IRIS); and implementation of the HPV vaccine.

Download or read book Fundamentals of HIV Medicine 2023 written by The American Academy of Hiv Medicine and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-10-24 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential textbook for HIV care providers and pharmacists--updated for 2023! Fundamentals of HIV Medicine has served as a key resource for clinicians preventing and treating HIV for over a decade. An end-to-end clinical resource for the treatment of individuals with HIV/AIDS, Fundamentals of HIV Medicine 2023 offers practitioners immediate, indexed access to the most recent science, research, and guidelines related to all aspects of HIV care and prevention. Now updated to reflect the convergent knowledge at the intersection of two global pandemics, HIV and COVID-19, Fundamentals of HIV Medicine 2023 offers state-of-the-art continuing education for physicians, pharmacists, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, nurses, and other professionals working in the care of HIV patients. This revised edition features key clinical updates across classic domains of HIV medicine along with new understandings of injectable antiretroviral treatment and explorations into concepts of HIV latency for long-term viral remission. Embodying the American Academy of HIV Medicine's commitment to excellence in the care of seropositive patients, Fundamentals of HIV Medicine 2023 is a must-have for health professionals across HIV care, treatment, and prevention.