Download or read book Immune Response Mechanisms and Protection Against Plasmodium Falciparum and Plasmodium Berghei written by Saïdou Balam and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thèse. Biologie. Médecine. 2012
Download or read book Malaria written by Maria M. Mota and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-12 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, malaria kills more than 300,000 people per year, making it a top priority of world leaders and international organizations, who are working towards implementing and coordinating efforts to eradicate this disease. An effective malaria vaccine is recognized as the key element that will decide between success and failure in this fight. At present, despite intensive research efforts, such a vaccine is not yet available for use. However, there are a number of advanced candidate vaccines with high chances of success in the short term. Malaria: Immune Response to Infection and Vaccination provides a comprehensive view on the immune response to malaria and to the different vaccines under development. The book offers the following: - Contributions by top research leaders in the field, - Comparisons of the immune responses to both malaria infection and malaria vaccines, which are traditionally treated separately, - Coverage of the immune responses to the different stages of malaria, which are frequently treated as separate fields of research.
Download or read book Breaking the cycle attacking the malaria parasite in the liver written by Ute Frevert and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-01-06 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite significant progress in the global fight against malaria, this parasitic infection is still responsible for nearly 300 million clinical cases and more than half a million deaths each year, predominantly in African children less than 5 years of age. The infection starts when mosquitoes transmit small numbers of parasites into the skin. From here, the parasites travel with the bloodstream to the liver where they undergo an initial round of replication and maturation to the next developmental stage that infects red blood cells. A vaccine capable of blocking the clinically silent liver phase of the Plasmodium life cycle would prevent the subsequent symptomatic phase of this tropical disease, including its frequently fatal manifestations such as severe anemia, acute lung injury, and cerebral malaria. Parasitologists, immunologists, and vaccinologists have come to appreciate the complexity of the adaptive immune response against the liver stages of this deadly parasite. Lymphocytes play a central role in the elimination of Plasmodium infected hepatocytes, both in humans and animal models, but our understanding of the exact cellular interactions and molecular effector mechanisms that lead to parasite killing within the complex hepatic microenvironment of an immune host is still rudimentary. Nevertheless, recent collaborative efforts have led to promising vaccine approaches based on liver stages that have conferred sterile immunity in humans – the University of Oxford's Ad prime / MVA boost vaccine, the Naval Medical Research Center’s DNA prime / Ad boost vaccine, Sanaria Inc.'s radiation-attenuated whole sporozoite vaccine, and Radboud University Medical Centre’s and Sanaria's derived chemoprophylaxis with sporozoites vaccines. The aim of this Research Topic is to bring together researchers with expertise in malariology, immunology, hepatology, antigen discovery and vaccine development to provide a better understanding of the basic biology of Plasmodium in the liver and the host’s innate and adaptive immune responses. Understanding the conditions required to generate complete protection in a vaccinated individual will bring us closer to our ultimate goal, namely to develop a safe, scalable, and affordable malaria vaccine capable of inducing sustained high-level protective immunity in the large proportion of the world’s population constantly at risk of malaria.
Download or read book Complement Activation in Malaria Immunity and Pathogenesis written by José A. Stoute and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-03 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasmodium falciparum malaria is responsible for the deaths of nearly 500,000 people each year. Much attention has been paid to antibody and cellular mechanisms of immunity against this pathogen. By contrast, the role that the complement system plays in immunity and pathogenesis in this infection is not very well recognized or understood. Based on the work of a number of research groups, we know that complement plays an important role in these processes. In this book, some of the leading scientists in the field discuss the mechanisms of complement activation during malaria infection as well as the role of complement in the pathogenesis of key syndromes such as severe malarial anemia, cerebral malaria, and placental malaria. In addition, they review recently-identified complement evasion strategies of P. falciparum merozoites, and how these mechanisms may translate into paradoxical enhancement of infection rather than protection. Finally, they also discuss the role of the mosquito complement system on immunity against the parasite.
Download or read book Immunity to Malaria and Vaccine Strategies written by Kevin N. Couper and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-10-10 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaria, caused by infection with protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium, is a highly prevalent and lethal infectious disease, responsible for 435,000 deaths in 2017. Optimism that malaria was gradually being controlled and eliminated has been tempered by recent evidence that malaria control measures are beginning to stall and that Plasmodium parasites are developing resistance to front-line anti-malarial drugs. An important milestone has been the recent development of a malaria vaccine (Mosquirix) for use in humans, the very first against a parasitic infection. Unfortunately, this vaccine has modest and short-lived efficacy, with vaccinated individuals possibly being at increased risk of severe malarial disease when protection wanes. Thus, to define new ways to combat malaria, there remains an urgent requirement to identify the immune mechanisms that promote resistance to malarial disease and to understand why these so often fail. The review and primary research articles in this Research Topic illustrate the breadth of research performed worldwide aimed to understand the biology of the Plasmodium parasite, the roles of the various cell types that act within the immune response against the parasite, and the parasitological and immunological basis of severe malarial disease. The articles in section 1 exemplify the different vaccination strategies being developed and tested by the research community in the fight against malaria. The articles in section 2 review important overarching aspects of malaria immunology and the use of models to study human malaria. The articles in section 3 describe the ways through which the Plasmodium parasite is initially recognised by the immune system during infection, how the parasite can directly impact this critical event to restrict anti-Plasmodial immunity, and resolve the roles of key innate cell populations, such as dendritic cells, in coordinating malarial immunity. The articles in sections 4-6 outline the roles T and B cell populations play during malaria, highlighting the activation, diversification and regulation of the crucial cell types during malaria, and discuss some of the reasons adaptive immunity to malaria is often considered so poor compared with other diseases. The articles in section 7 provide up to date information on the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria, bridging our understanding of the syndrome in humans with information learned from animal models. Overall, the articles in this research, many of which are published by leaders in the malaria field, emphasize the imagination and technical advances being employed by researchers against malaria. We acknowledge the initiation and support of this Research Topic by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). We hereby state publicly that the IUIS has had no editorial input in articles included in this Research Topic, thus ensuring that all aspects of this Research Topic are evaluated objectively, unbiased by any specific policy or opinion of the IUIS.
Download or read book Immune Regulation of the Antibody mediated Pathway During Plasmodium Infection written by Jianying Yang and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Malaria written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaria is making a dramatic comeback in the world. The disease is the foremost health challenge in Africa south of the Sahara, and people traveling to malarious areas are at increased risk of malaria-related sickness and death. This book examines the prospects for bringing malaria under control, with specific recommendations for U.S. policy, directions for research and program funding, and appropriate roles for federal and international agencies and the medical and public health communities. The volume reports on the current status of malaria research, prevention, and control efforts worldwide. The authors present study results and commentary on the: Nature, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and epidemiology of malaria. Biology of the malaria parasite and its vector. Prospects for developing malaria vaccines and improved treatments. Economic, social, and behavioral factors in malaria control.
Download or read book Role of Innate Immune Responses in the Control of Malaria written by Samir Naresh Patel and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum is associated with inability of the host to adequately clear parasitized-erythrocytes and excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine response to infection. The combination of these events can culminate in the development of severe and cerebral malaria (CM). We also investigated mechanism of host induced excessive inflammatory response to malaria infection and demonstrated that PfGPI exposure leads to JNK2 activation resulting in TNF-alpha production in vitro. In vivo, JNK2-/- mice infected with P. berghei ANKA had lower circulating TNF-alpha levels and higher survival compared to JNK1-/- or JNK2 +/+ infected mice. We investigated the mechanisms by which adverse innate immune responses contribute to pathogenesis of severe malaria. CD36 has been shown to mediate the sequestration of PEs to vascular endothelium. Using macrophages isolated from CD36+/+ and CD36 -/- mice, we show that CD36 plays an important role in the uptake of ring- and schizont-stage PEs. In vivo, CD36 -/- mice infected with P. chabaudi chabaudi AS had an early impaired inflammatory response, early peak parasitemia and higher parasite burden which resulted in higher mortality than CD36 +/+ mice. We then investigated whether modulating host immune responses improve outcome in an experimental CM model. We showed that rosiglitazone treated mice infected with P. berghei had significantly lower circulating TNF-alpha and higher TGF-beta production with increased survival rate compared to control mice, thus suggesting that modulating host immune responses leads to a better outcome in mice infected with lethal P. berghei malaria. In summary, we show that CD36 is an important receptor involved in activation of early immune response essential for control and clearance of malaria infection. In addition, a dysregulated innate immune response leads to the development of severe and CM, and modulation of host innate immune response is crucial in the effective resolution of experimental CM. Finally, we investigated the role of complement in the development of CM. Using C5+/+, C5 -/- and congenic mice, we found C5 and its active product C5a contributes to development of CM. C5-/- mice were protected from the development of CM and survived longer than C5 +/+ mice. Neutralization of C5a activity using monoclonal antibody protected susceptible mice resulted in increased survival.
Download or read book Immunization with Pre Erythrocytic Antigen CelTOS from Plasmodium Falciparum Elicits Cross Species Protection Against Heterologous Challenge with Plasmodium Berghei written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Plasmodium protein Cell-traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites (CelTOS) plays an important role in cell traversal of host cells in both, mosquito and vertebrates, and is required for successful malaria infections. CelTOS is highly conserved among the Plasmodium species, suggesting an important functional role across all species. Therefore targeting the immune response to this highly conserved protein and thus potentially interfering with its biological function may result in protection against infection even by heterologous species of Plasmodium. Methodology/Principal Findings: To test this hypothesis, we developed a recombinant codon-harmonized P. falciparum CelTOS protein that can be produced to high yields in the E. coli expression system. Inbred Balb/c and outbred CD-1 mice were immunized with various doses of the recombinant protein adjuvanted with Montanide ISA 720 and characterized using in vitro and in vivo analyses. Conclusions/Significance: Immunization with PfCelTOS resulted in potent humoral and cellular immune responses and most importantly induced sterile protection against a heterologous challenge with P. berghei sporozoites in a proportion of both inbred and outbred mice. The biological activity of CelTOS-specific antibodies against the malaria parasite is likely linked to the impairment of sporozoite motility and hepatocyte infectivity. The results underscore the potential of this antigen as a pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidate and demonstrate for the first time a malaria vaccine that is cross-protective between species.
Download or read book Naturally Acquired Immunity to Malaria Measured in Vitro Against the Erythrocytic Cycle of Plasmodium Falciparum written by John Alan Vande Waa and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Longitudinal Studies on the Immune Response to Plasmodium Falciparum in Sudan Measured in Vitro written by John A. VandeWaa and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Malaria written by and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Malaria represents a vast databank of information about the study of malaria. It provides an overview of the historical, rapid and significant developments that have occurred in malaria research, including the 2002 genome sequencing of Plasmodium falciparum and its mosquito vector, Anopheles gambiae. This work provides a concise source of up-to-date research findings in the form of definitions and essays and present comprehensive coverage of topics from history to findings to diagnosis and treatment, written by recognized malaria researchers with practical experience. It appeals to a diverse audience, including malaria researchers, teachers, investigators and public health professionals.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Immunity in Rats Infected with Plasmodium Berghei written by Sally Margaret Gravely and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rodent Malaria written by R. Killick-Kendrick and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rodent Malaria reviews significant findings concerning malaria parasites of rodents, including their taxonomy, zoogeography, and evolution, along with life cycles and morphology; genetics and biochemistry; and concomitant infections. This volume is organized into eight chapters and begins by sketching out the history of the discovery of rodent as well as aspects of parasitology, immunology, and chemotherapy. These concepts are investigated two decades following Ignace Vincke's major discovery and Meir Yoeli's successful establishment of the method of cyclical transmission of the parasite. The following chapters focus on the taxonomy and systematics of the subgenus Vinckeia, with reference to the concepts of species and subspecies of animals and the degree to which they apply to malaria parasites, in particular to those of rodents. The discussion then shifts to how the rodent malaria parasites provide a unique insight into the subcellular organization of Plasmodium species, the use of rodent malaria as an experimental model to study immunological responses, and infectious agents that interact with malaria parasites. The book concludes with a chapter on malaria chemotherapy, with emphasis on the value of rodent malaria in antimalarial drug screening and the use of antimalarial drugs as biological probes. This book will be of interest to protozoologists and physicians as well as those from other disciplines including biochemistry, immunology, pharmacology, cell biology, and genetics.
Download or read book Malaria Immunology written by Peter Perlmann and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite extensive efforts to control it, malaria is still one of the most devastating infectious diseases worldwide. This book, now in its second edition, provides a broad and up-to-date overview of the rapidly expanding field of malaria immunology and its importance in the control of this disease. The first section deals with the malaria parasite and its interactions with both the vertebrate host and the mosquitoes which transmit the disease. In the second part, the mechanisms of immunity and their regulation by environmental and genetic factors are discussed. Finally, this volume contains several chapters on malaria vaccine development, describing the application of the most recent vaccine technologies as well as ongoing and planned vaccine trials. Authored by well-recognized experts, this volume not only demonstrates the rapid progress being made in the search for vaccines against malaria, but also broadens our understanding of immunity to infection in general. It is therefore highly recommended reading for all scientists and professionals in the fields of immunology, infection and vaccine development.
Download or read book Immunity to Malaria Parasites written by R. L. Phillips and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is proposed that a knowledge of the basic mechanisms involved in immunity to malaria parasites and of the evasive reactions which some malaria parasites are known to take subsequently will be assistance in the development of an antimalarial vaccine. Immunity to the blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum in man and of P. berghei berghei and P. vinckei chabaudi in mice has been investigated. Plasmodium falciparum taken from infected Gambian infants was grown through 2-1/2 cycles in microtissue culture trays. Under optimal conditions multiplication rates of up to 6x were recorded after the first phase of schizogeny and reinvasion. In the microculture system relatively few immune Gambian sera reduced the reinvasion rate of P. falciparum. In the rodent malarias phagocytosis, promoted by opsonizing antibody, of red cells containing mature trophozoites or schizonts was observed. Immunity to P.v. chabaudi in C57BL mice could be transferred with serum or cells. By transferring cells to 600 rad irradiated mice, the protective effect of relatively few immune spleen cells could be demonstrated. In immunization studies the protection induced in mice by inoculating irradiated P.b. berghei parasitized red cells was enhanced by Bordetella pertussis and in one experiment by BCG.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Naturally Acquired Transmission blocking Immunity to Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria written by Julie Healer and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
