Download or read book Imaging Strategies for Quantitative Whole joint Assessment of Structure and Function Related to Knee Osteoarthritis written by Lauren Elizabeth Watkins and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the joints, but treatment options have remained limited largely due to an inability to detect and monitor OA in its earliest stages. Medical imaging is a valuable tool to non-invasively evaluate changes in bone, soft tissues like cartilage, and the synovium in OA onset and progression. However, there is a need for improved methods that can not only detect structural and compositional changes in these tissues, but also changes in joint function early in the course of disease. This work develops and progresses the application of medical imaging tools to assess whole joint health in early OA. First, I focus on a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique called gagCEST which aims to image glycosaminoglycan depletion, thought to be the earliest degenerative cartilage changes in OA, with high specificity. However, technical challenges have limited its translational potential at clinical field strengths like 3 Tesla. Here, I make improvements to the gagCEST technique to enable rapid, 3D imaging of the whole knee with improved dynamic range and good repeatability and apply it to study cartilage in a healthy cohort and a cohort with mild to moderate OA. While MRI is a valuable tool to probe structural changes in soft tissues and bone, imaging of bone function remains a challenge with MRI. Combining MRI with [18F]sodium fluoride positron emission tomography (PET) imaging allows for simultaneous assessment of structure and function. I advance the application of PET-MR imaging in OA by comparing quantitative measures of bone vascularization and mineralization in healthy and OA knees and examining spatial relationships between altered bone metabolism and degenerative changes in bone, cartilage, and the synovium. I further applied hybrid PET-MR imaging to study knee joint function by quantifying the short-term response of bone and cartilage to exercise. Results suggest that this technique has strong potential to detect early joint dysfunction after loading. Overall, this work represents a shift toward whole-joint imaging to assess spatial relationships between structure and function of multiple joint tissues.

Download or read book State of the Art Imaging of Osteoarthritis written by Ali Guermazi and published by Clinics: Internal Medicine. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue takes a multimodality approach to imaging of osteoarthritis. Clinical issues including an overview of the disease and imaging as an aid to evaluate patient functionality are also reviewed. Not only are current standards for imaging covered, but also newer techniques under development.

Download or read book Atlas of Osteoarthritis written by Nigel Arden and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-19 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Atlas provides an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the historical and current perspectives on osteoarthritis, including the pathophysiology and epidemiology of the disease. Written by leading authors in the field of osteoarthritis, the book discusses classification, etiology and risk factors for osteoarthritis, the disease course and determinants of osteoarthritis progression, clinical features and diagnosis as well as imaging methods to assess joint damage. The Atlas of Osteoarthritis concludes with the latest treatment updates including both nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatments, as well as surgical recommendations for patients with the disease. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of joint disease causing joint pain, stiffness, and physical disability among adults. It is an important issue for both the individual and society with its impact on public health continuing to grow as a result of the aging population, the rising prevalence of obesity, and the lack of definitive treatments to prevent or halt the progress of the disease.

Download or read book Bone and Joint Imaging written by Donald L. Resnick and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2004-11-23 with total page 2790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 3,800 exquisite images demonstrate every principle and capture the characteristic presentations of the most frequently encountered disorders. The result is a remarkably thorough, yet focused and pragmatic, source of clinical guidance.The New Edition updates and distills all of the most important content from Dr. Donald Resnick's 5-volume Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Disorders, 4th Edition into a single, concise source. Together with new co-editor Mark J. Kransdorf, MD, Dr. Resnick and 38 other distinguished experts zero in on the specific, state-of-the-art musculoskeletal imaging and interpretation knowledge practitioners need today. Provides 2,900 outstanding images that depict all important concepts, techniques, and findings. Represents a highly efficient review source for oral and written radiology examinations, as well as an indispensable reference tool for clinical practice. Covers hot topics such as spinal interventional procedures • cartilage imaging • disorders of muscle • diagnostic ultrasonography • internal derangement of joints • target-area approach to articular disorders • rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases • crystal-induced diseases • sports injuries • MR arthrography • and much more. Offers an increased emphasis on MR imaging, an increasingly important and versatile diagnostic modality. Presents many new illustrations not found in the Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Disorders, 4th Edition 5-volume set.

Download or read book Pain in Osteoarthritis written by David T. Felson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-08-03 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative investigation of the sources andtreatment of osteoarthritic joint pain Millions of people throughout the world suffer from osteoarthritis (OA)—a medical condition causing its sufferers excruciating pain that is often disabling. This is the first book to offer clinicians an in-depth understanding of the biological sources of osteoarthritic pain and how they can be treated. Here, a team of leading international authorities has contributed state-of-the-art information on: The Neuroscience of Articular Pain—spinal and peripheral mechanisms of joint pain; experimental models for the study of osteoarthritic pain; inflammatory mediators and nociception in arthritis; phantoms in rheumatology; and more Osteoarthritis and Pain—joint mechanisms and neuromuscular aspects of OA; bone pain and pressure in OA joints; structural correlates of OA pain; and more Treatment of Osteoarthritic Pain—general approaches to treatment; treatments targeting pain receptors; treatments targeting biomechanical abnormalities; and treatments targeting inflammation Whether you're a medical professional, researcher, student, or a generalist or specialist focusing on pain or arthritis, this is your one-stop reference for understanding and treating joint pain in osteoarthritis.

Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy written by Lucas G. Chase and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-12 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, significant efforts have been made to develop stem cell-based therapies for difficult to treat diseases. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), appear to hold great promise in regards to a regenerative cell-based therapy for the treatment of these diseases. Currently, more than 200 clinical trials are underway worldwide exploring the use of MSCs for the treatment of a wide range of disorders including bone, cartilage and tendon damage, myocardial infarction, graft-versus-host disease, Crohn’s disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, critical limb ischemia and many others. MSCs were first identified by Friendenstein and colleagues as an adherent stromal cell population within the bone marrow with the ability to form clonogenic colonies in vitro. In regards to the basic biology associated with MSCs, there has been tremendous progress towards understanding this cell population’s phenotype and function from a range of tissue sources. Despite enormous progress and an overall increased understanding of MSCs at the molecular and cellular level, several critical questions remain to be answered in regards to the use of these cells in therapeutic applications. Clinically, both autologous and allogenic approaches for the transplantation of MSCs are being explored. Several of the processing steps needed for the clinical application of MSCs, including isolation from various tissues, scalable in vitro expansion, cell banking, dose preparation, quality control parameters, delivery methods and numerous others are being extensively studied. Despite a significant number of ongoing clinical trials, none of the current therapeutic approaches have, at this point, become a standard of care treatment. Although exceptionally promising, the clinical translation of MSC-based therapies is still a work in progress. The extensive number of ongoing clinical trials is expected to provide a clearer path forward for the realization and implementation of MSCs in regenerative medicine. Towards this end, reviews of current clinical trial results and discussions of relevant topics association with the clinical application of MSCs are compiled in this book from some of the leading researchers in this exciting and rapidly advancing field. Although not absolutely all-inclusive, we hope the chapters within this book can promote and enable a better understanding of the translation of MSCs from bench-to-bedside and inspire researchers to further explore this promising and quickly evolving field.

Download or read book Selected Health Conditions and Likelihood of Improvement with Treatment written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-07-12 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two programs that provide disability benefits: the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program and the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. SSDI provides disability benefits to people (under the full retirement age) who are no longer able to work because of a disabling medical condition. SSI provides income assistance for disabled, blind, and aged people who have limited income and resources regardless of their prior participation in the labor force. Both programs share a common disability determination process administered by SSA and state agencies as well as a common definition of disability for adults: "the inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months." Disabled workers might receive either SSDI benefits or SSI payments, or both, depending on their recent work history and current income and assets. Disabled workers might also receive benefits from other public programs such as workers' compensation, which insures against work-related illness or injuries occurring on the job, but those other programs have their own definitions and eligibility criteria. Selected Health Conditions and Likelihood of Improvement with Treatment identifies and defines the professionally accepted, standard measurements of outcomes improvement for medical conditions. This report also identifies specific, long-lasting medical conditions for adults in the categories of mental health disorders, cancers, and musculoskeletal disorders. Specifically, these conditions are disabling for a length of time, but typically don't result in permanently disabling limitations; are responsive to treatment; and after a specific length of time of treatment, improve to the point at which the conditions are no longer disabling.

Download or read book Hip Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Young-Jo Kim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-18 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hip Magnetic Resonance Imaging presents a basic yet comprehensive discussion of the role and use of MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of injuries and diseases of the hip, highlighting common concerns and procedures. Beginning with the principles of MRI and dGEMRIC and moving on to normal and abnormal hip anatomy, the focus shifts to the MRI techniques used in the detection of disease conditions of the hip, including labral disease, osteonecrosis, extra-articular conditions and cartilage damage. Chapters on the utilization of biochemical imaging biomarkers in the treatment of hip disorders round out the text. Written by experts in radiology and orthopedics and generously illustrated with MRI radiographs, this book will be an important reference work for clinicians in those fields, as well as practitioners of sports medicine and primary care physicians.

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging written by Erik R. Ranschaert and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-29 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a thorough overview of the ongoing evolution in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) within healthcare and radiology, enabling readers to gain a deeper insight into the technological background of AI and the impacts of new and emerging technologies on medical imaging. After an introduction on game changers in radiology, such as deep learning technology, the technological evolution of AI in computing science and medical image computing is described, with explanation of basic principles and the types and subtypes of AI. Subsequent sections address the use of imaging biomarkers, the development and validation of AI applications, and various aspects and issues relating to the growing role of big data in radiology. Diverse real-life clinical applications of AI are then outlined for different body parts, demonstrating their ability to add value to daily radiology practices. The concluding section focuses on the impact of AI on radiology and the implications for radiologists, for example with respect to training. Written by radiologists and IT professionals, the book will be of high value for radiologists, medical/clinical physicists, IT specialists, and imaging informatics professionals.

Download or read book Cartilage Injury of the Knee written by Aaron J. Krych and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cartilage injuries of the knee are common, and diagnosis and treatment options have continued to evolve. This book focuses on current non-operative and surgical treatment strategies for articular cartilage injuries, highlighting the controversies and different approaches from an international perspective. This book includes information on the basic science of cartilage structure and function, expert perspectives on imaging and diagnosing, as well as work-up of athletes and patients presenting with acute or chronic cartilage injury. It also provides an evidence base for current cutting-edge cartilage repair and restoration. Written by leading experts in the field, the book, published in collaboration with ISAKOS and ICRS, is vital reading for orthopaedic and sports medicine surgeons, fellows and residents. It is also of interest to sports trainers, physiotherapists, medical students, postgraduate students, and physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists.

Download or read book A Strategic Approach to Knee Arthritis Treatment written by Seung-Suk Seo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-13 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest knowledge on all aspects of osteoarthritis of the knee. Beyond offering a thorough evidence-based review of the available treatment options, it provides helpful information on such fundamental aspects as anatomy, biomechanics, biochemistry, etiology, pathogenesis, and radiologic assessment. The treatment-oriented chapters cover non-pharmacologic treatment, drug treatment, intra-articular drug and/or cell-based injection therapy, arthroscopic treatment, osteotomy, and joint replacement surgery. The goal is to equip the reader with a sound understanding of both the condition itself and the appropriate treatment strategy in different situations. The importance of taking into account factors such as the degree of arthritis, patient activity, lifestyle, and pain when formulating that strategy is emphasized. The fact that the book extends well beyond the description of surgical treatments means that it will be an excellent source of information and guidance for general clinicians as well as for those who specialize in the management of musculoskeletal disorders.

Download or read book Musculoskeletal Diseases 2021 2024 written by Juerg Hodler and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book focuses on imaging of the musculoskeletal diseases. Over the last few years, there have been considerable advances in this area, driven by clinical as well as technological developments. The authors are all internationally renowned experts in their field. They are also excellent teachers, and provide didactically outstanding chapters. The book is disease-oriented and covers all relevant imaging modalities, with particular emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging. Important aspects of pediatric imaging are also included. IDKD books are completely re-written every four years. As a result, they offer a comprehensive review of the state of the art in imaging. The book is clearly structured with learning objectives, abstracts, subheadings, tables and take-home points, supported by design elements to help readers easily navigate through the text. As an IDKD book, it is particularly valuable for general radiologists, radiology residents, and interventional radiologists who want to update their diagnostic knowledge, and for clinicians interested in imaging as it relates to their specialty.

Download or read book The Unhappy Total Knee Replacement written by Michael T. Hirschmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-15 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the need for improved diagnostic and treatment guidelines for patients in whom total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has had an unsatisfactory outcome. It opens by discussing the basics of TKA and the various causes of failure and pain. Diagnostic aspects are considered in detail, with attention to advances in clinical investigation, laboratory analysis and in particular, imaging techniques. In addition, helpful state of the art diagnostic algorithms are presented. Specific pathology-related treatment options, including conservative approaches and salvage and revision TKA strategies, are then explained, with identification of pitfalls and key points. A series of illustrative cases cover clinical scenarios frequently encountered in daily clinical practice. The evidence-based, clinically focused guidance provided in this book, written by internationally renowned experts, will assist surgeons in achieving the most effective management of these challenging cases.

Download or read book Biomarkers in Bone Disease written by Victor R. Preedy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade there has been a major sea change in the way disease is diagnosed and investigated due to the advent of high throughput technologies, such as microarrays, lab on a chip, proteomics, genomics, lipomics, metabolomics etc. These advances have enabled the discovery of new and novel markers of disease relating to autoimmune disorders, cancers, endocrine diseases, genetic disorders, sensory damage, intestinal diseases etc. In many instances these developments have gone hand in hand with the discovery of biomarkers elucidated via traditional or conventional methods, such as histopathology or clinical biochemistry. Together with microprocessor-based data analysis, advanced statistics and bioinformatics these markers have been used to identify individuals with active disease or pathology as well as those who are refractory or have distinguishing pathologies. New analytical methods that have been used to identify markers of disease and is suggested that there may be as many as 40 different platforms. Unfortunately techniques and methods have not been readily transferable to other disease states and sometimes diagnosis still relies on single analytes rather than a cohort of markers. There is thus a demand for a comprehensive and focused evidenced-based text and scientific literature that addresses these issues. Hence the formulation of Biomarkers in Disease. The series covers a wide number of areas including for example, nutrition, cancer, endocrinology, cardiology, addictions, immunology, birth defects, genetics, and so on. The chapters are written by national or international experts and specialists.

Download or read book Deep Learners and Deep Learner Descriptors for Medical Applications written by Loris Nanni and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-15 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces readers to the current trends in using deep learners and deep learner descriptors for medical applications. It reviews the recent literature and presents a variety of medical image and sound applications to illustrate the five major ways deep learners can be utilized: 1) by training a deep learner from scratch (chapters provide tips for handling imbalances and other problems with the medical data); 2) by implementing transfer learning from a pre-trained deep learner and extracting deep features for different CNN layers that can be fed into simpler classifiers, such as the support vector machine; 3) by fine-tuning one or more pre-trained deep learners on an unrelated dataset so that they are able to identify novel medical datasets; 4) by fusing different deep learner architectures; and 5) by combining the above methods to generate a variety of more elaborate ensembles. This book is a value resource for anyone involved in engineering deep learners for medical applications as well as to those interested in learning more about the current techniques in this exciting field. A number of chapters provide source code that can be used to investigate topics further or to kick-start new projects.

Download or read book The Many Faces of Osteoarthritis written by Vincent C. Hascall and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Osteoarthritis is the most common joint pathology which primarily affects the older population. The disease is characterized by unique pathological changes in some synovial joints, predominantly affecting the articular cartilage, but also entire joints, including the synovial tissue and subchondral bone. The remarkable growth of research on normal and abnormal biology of tissues in the articulating joint, including the application of novel molecular biological approaches and new imaging techniques, is reflected in this volume. It describes the current state of knowledge and helps to further understand the etiopathology of osteoarthritis, hopefully leading to early detection of the disease and novel treatment modalities. The volume contains contributions and discussions from a select group of investigators, all experts in this field, who met at the conference "The Many Faces of Osteoarthritis", held in June 2001 at Lake Tahoe, to acknowledge Klaus E. Kuettner and his contributions to osteoarthritis...

Download or read book The Patella written by Giles R. Scuderi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problems of the patellofemoral joint remain a challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon. In spite of many articles in scientific journals, an outstanding monograph, and several excellent textbook chapters, the patella is still an enigma in many respects. The etiology of patellar pain is controversial, and there is no completely satisfying explanation for its cause or its relationship to chondromalacia. Curiously, neither the widespread use of arthroscopy nor the advent of newer diagnostic tests such as CT scanning and magnetic resonance imaging have cast much light. Without a better understanding of why patellar disorders occur it is not surprising that there is no consensus on how to fix them. Arthros copy has contributed little except to the patient's psyche. The currently most popular surgical treatment for recurrent dislocation of the patella was first described 50 years ago. One concrete advance, albeit a small one, is a better understanding of the role of anatomical abnormalities and patellofemoral dysplasia in patellar instabilities. It gives me great pleasure that many of the contributors are, like Dr.