Download or read book Imaging Metabolic Heterogeneity in Cancer written by Algeciras Algeciras Press and published by . This book was released on 2016-07-14 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As our knowledge of cancer metabolism has increased, it has become apparent that cancer metabolic processes are extremely heterogeneous. The reasons behind this heterogeneity include genetic diversity, the existence of multiple and redundant metabolic pathways, altered microenvironmental conditions, and so on. As a result, methods in the clinic and beyond have been developed in order to image and study tumor metabolism in the in vivo and in vitro regimes. Both regimes provide unique advantages and challenges, and may be used to provide a picture of tumor metabolic heterogeneity that is spatially and temporally comprehensive. Taken together, these methods may hold the key to appropriate cancer diagnoses and treatments in the future. Proceeds from the sale of this book go to support an elderly disabled person.
Download or read book The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism written by Anne Le and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic alterations in cancer, in addition to being the fundamental drivers of tumorigenesis, can give rise to a variety of metabolic adaptations that allow cancer cells to survive and proliferate in diverse tumor microenvironments. This metabolic flexibility is different from normal cellular metabolic processes and leads to heterogeneity in cancer metabolism within the same cancer type or even within the same tumor. In this book, we delve into the complexity and diversity of cancer metabolism, and highlight how understanding the heterogeneity of cancer metabolism is fundamental to the development of effective metabolism-based therapeutic strategies. Deciphering how cancer cells utilize various nutrient resources will enable clinicians and researchers to pair specific chemotherapeutic agents with patients who are most likely to respond with positive outcomes, allowing for more cost-effective and personalized cancer therapeutic strategies.
Download or read book Tumor Organoids written by Shay Soker and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer cell biology research in general, and anti-cancer drug development specifically, still relies on standard cell culture techniques that place the cells in an unnatural environment. As a consequence, growing tumor cells in plastic dishes places a selective pressure that substantially alters their original molecular and phenotypic properties.The emerging field of regenerative medicine has developed bioengineered tissue platforms that can better mimic the structure and cellular heterogeneity of in vivo tissue, and are suitable for tumor bioengineering research. Microengineering technologies have resulted in advanced methods for creating and culturing 3-D human tissue. By encapsulating the respective cell type or combining several cell types to form tissues, these model organs can be viable for longer periods of time and are cultured to develop functional properties similar to native tissues. This approach recapitulates the dynamic role of cell–cell, cell–ECM, and mechanical interactions inside the tumor. Further incorporation of cells representative of the tumor stroma, such as endothelial cells (EC) and tumor fibroblasts, can mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment. Collectively, bioengineered tumors create an important resource for the in vitro study of tumor growth in 3D including tumor biomechanics and the effects of anti-cancer drugs on 3D tumor tissue. These technologies have the potential to overcome current limitations to genetic and histological tumor classification and development of personalized therapies.
Download or read book Development of Metabolic Autofluorescence Imaging and Analyses to Assess Tumor Microenvironment Heterogeneity written by Tiffany Heaster and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellular heterogeneity in tumors challenges development of effective cancer treatments. Functional profiling methods are often destructive and lack the sensitivity to capture cell-level functional dynamics. The ability to accurately monitor the complex composition and structure of the tumor microenvironment (TME) could provide a fundamental understanding of tumor adaptation and drug resistance. Thus, technologies for single-cell functional assessment are needed to investigate the heterogeneous TME. In this dissertation, metabolic autofluorescence imaging and analyses were developed to identify and investigate sources of TME heterogeneity. Metabolic autofluorescence imaging exploits the endogenous fluorescence of metabolic coenzymes, NAD(P)H and FAD, to observe variations in cell metabolism and function. Fluorescence lifetimes and intensities of NAD(P)H and FAD provide quantitative measurements of heterogeneous metabolic pathway activity and intracellular protein binding. This work demonstrates two-photon metabolic autofluorescence imaging to evaluate spatiotemporal metabolic heterogeneity within in vitro and in vivo TME models. First, metabolic autofluorescence imaging was developed and validated to assess metabolic heterogeneity in in vitro, microscale TME models. Metabolic autofluorescence resolved heterogeneous metabolic changes during macrophage polarization and migration in response to microscale tumor co-culture, modelling dynamic sources of TME heterogeneity. This established metabolic autofluorescence imaging as a unique, non-invasive approach to quantify spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the TME. Improved analytical tools were also generated to characterize this dynamic heterogeneity. Statistical frameworks for quantifying spatial patterns in metabolic autofluorescence measurements across in vitro and in vivo TME models were designed and used to assess treatment- and model-specific trends in cell-level spatial organization and metabolic activity. This analysis enabled novel quantitative assessment of spatial metabolic dynamics in the TME. Finally, multivariate classification models of metabolic autofluorescence were created to detect tumor cells in states of quiescence, apoptosis, and proliferation to further define tumor cell metabolic heterogeneity. Overall, this dissertation establishes metabolic autofluorescence imaging as robust, label-free method to monitor heterogenous cellular metabolism in the TME.
Download or read book Cancer as a Metabolic Disease written by Thomas Seyfried and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-05-18 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book addresses controversies related to the origins of cancer and provides solutions to cancer management and prevention. It expands upon Otto Warburg's well-known theory that all cancer is a disease of energy metabolism. However, Warburg did not link his theory to the "hallmarks of cancer" and thus his theory was discredited. This book aims to provide evidence, through case studies, that cancer is primarily a metabolic disease requring metabolic solutions for its management and prevention. Support for this position is derived from critical assessment of current cancer theories. Brain cancer case studies are presented as a proof of principle for metabolic solutions to disease management, but similarities are drawn to other types of cancer, including breast and colon, due to the same cellular mutations that they demonstrate.
Download or read book Metabolism in Cancer written by Thorsten Cramer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook presents concise chapters written by internationally respected experts on various important aspects of cancer-associated metabolism, offering a comprehensive overview of the central features of this exciting research field. The discovery that tumor cells display characteristic alterations of metabolic pathways has significantly changed our understanding of cancer: while the first description of tumor-specific changes in cellular energetics was published more than 90 years ago, the causal significance of this observation for the pathogenesis of cancer was only discovered in the post-genome era. The first 10 years of the twenty-first century were characterized by rapid advances in our grasp of the functional role of cancer-specific metabolism as well as the underlying molecular pathways. Various unanticipated interrelations between metabolic alterations and cancer-driving pathways were identified and currently await translation into diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Yet the speed, quantity, and complexity of these new discoveries make it difficult for researchers to keep up to date with the latest developments, an issue this book helps to remedy.
Download or read book Metabolic Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer written by Ying-Hui Ko and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women and hence understanding the pathophysiology of this disease is necessary to develop novel treatments. Metabolic heterogeneity with transfer of catabolites between fibroblasts and breast cancer epithelial cells occurs in breast, ovarian and prostate carcinomas. Metabolic heterogeneity promotes tumor growth and resistance to anticancer agents. Fibroblasts have high rates of autophagy, catabolism, glycolysis and excrete large amounts of lactate and glutamine. Conversely, cancer epithelial cells use lactate and glutamine at high rates as substrates of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) mitochondrial metabolism and are more resistant to autophagy. Glutamine is a crucial amino acid in cancer cell metabolism and is the most abundant amino acid in plasma. Glutamine is catabolized to alpha-ketoglutarate through glutaminolysis and enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and increases OXPHOS in proliferating cells. Glutaminolysis via glutamate leads to the generation of the antioxidant glutathione, which protects cells from oxidative stress induced apoptosis. Ammonia is also a by-product of glutamine catabolism, which is a diffusible inducer of autophagy. TIGAR is a 2,6 phospho-fructose bisphosphatase which reduces glycolysis and apoptosis in cells. TIGAR is highly expressed in the majority of human breast carcinoma cells. Breast cancer cells tend to have low glycolytic rates and high lactate and glutamine uptake and catabolism rates. The mechanisms by which stromal-epithelial metabolic heterogeneity promotes tumor growth are unknown and we don't know the effects of modulators of glycolysis and catabolites such as glutamine and lactate on cancer growth. It is unknown if TIGAR modulates lactate and glutamine catabolism and mitochondrial OXPHOS. I hypothesized that TIGAR and catabolites such as glutamine and lactate might drive tight metabolic heterogeneity in breast cancer. I have discovered using cellular and animal models that glutamine increases mitochondrial biogenesis, decreases autophagy and protects breast cancer cells from apoptosis. Glutamine also induces a catabolic phenotype in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). TIGAR overexpression in carcinoma cells induces metabolic heterogeneity between breast carcinoma cells and CAFs. TIGAR in carcinoma cells induces lactate and glutamine catabolism markers and higher NADPH levels and reduces glycolysis in carcinoma cells while as TIGAR induces a glycolytic phenotype in fibroblasts when oveerexpressed in carcinoma cells. Finally, TIGAR overexpression in carcinoma cells increases tumor size and weight in orthotopic xenograft models of breast cancer.
Download or read book Applications of Mass Spectrometry Imaging to Cancer written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-01-19 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of Mass Spectrometry Imaging to Cancer, the latest volume in the Advances in Cancer Research provides invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. This volume presents original reviews on applications of mass spectrometry imaging to cancer. Provides information on cancer research Offers outstanding and original reviews on a range of cancer research topics Serves as an indispensable reference for researchers and students alike
Download or read book Evolution of Translational Omics written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-09-13 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technologies collectively called omics enable simultaneous measurement of an enormous number of biomolecules; for example, genomics investigates thousands of DNA sequences, and proteomics examines large numbers of proteins. Scientists are using these technologies to develop innovative tests to detect disease and to predict a patient's likelihood of responding to specific drugs. Following a recent case involving premature use of omics-based tests in cancer clinical trials at Duke University, the NCI requested that the IOM establish a committee to recommend ways to strengthen omics-based test development and evaluation. This report identifies best practices to enhance development, evaluation, and translation of omics-based tests while simultaneously reinforcing steps to ensure that these tests are appropriately assessed for scientific validity before they are used to guide patient treatment in clinical trials.
Download or read book Advances in Radiation Therapy written by M. Guckenberger and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2018-04-12 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developments in radiation oncology have been key to the tremendous progress made in the field in recent years. The combination of optimal systemic treatment and local therapy has resulted in continuing improved outcomes of cancer therapy. This progress forms the basis for current pre-clinical and clinical research which will strengthen the position of radiation oncology as an essential component of oncological care. This book summarizes recent advances in radiotherapy research and clinical patient care. Topics include radiobiology, radiotherapy technology, and particle therapy. Chapters cover a summary and analysis of recent developments in the search for biomarkers for precision radiotherapy, novel imaging possibilities and treatment planning, and advances in understanding the differences between photon and particle radiotherapy. Advances in Radiation Therapy is an invaluable source of information for scientists and clinicians working in the field of radiation oncology. It is also a relevant resource for those interested in the broad topic of radiotherapy in general.
Download or read book Handbook of Parametric and Nonparametric Statistical Procedures written by David Sheskin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers unparalleled coverage of parametric and nonparametric statistical procedures: Detailing nearly 75 statistical procedures, the text shows: - How to select and conduct the appropiate statistical analysis for evaluating data from an empirical study - How to discriminate acceptable from unacceptable research when considering experimental control, and statistical analysis - How to interpret and better understand results of published research across a spectrum of disciplines
Download or read book Development of Optical Imaging of Metabolism for Monitoring and Predicting Drug Efficacy written by Alexandra Jule Walsh and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radiomics and Radiogenomics written by Ruijiang Li and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-07-09 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiomics and Radiogenomics: Technical Basis and Clinical Applications provides a first summary of the overlapping fields of radiomics and radiogenomics, showcasing how they are being used to evaluate disease characteristics and correlate with treatment response and patient prognosis. It explains the fundamental principles, technical bases, and clinical applications with a focus on oncology. The book’s expert authors present computational approaches for extracting imaging features that help to detect and characterize disease tissues for improving diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of therapy response. This book is intended for audiences including imaging scientists, medical physicists, as well as medical professionals and specialists such as diagnostic radiologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists. Features Provides a first complete overview of the technical underpinnings and clinical applications of radiomics and radiogenomics Shows how they are improving diagnostic and prognostic decisions with greater efficacy Discusses the image informatics, quantitative imaging, feature extraction, predictive modeling, software tools, and other key areas Covers applications in oncology and beyond, covering all major disease sites in separate chapters Includes an introduction to basic principles and discussion of emerging research directions with a roadmap to clinical translation
Download or read book Tumor Vascularization written by Domenico Ribatti and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tumor Vascularization discusses the different types of growth of tumor blood vessels and their implications on research and healthcare. The book is divided into three parts: the first one, General Mechanisms, discusses different vessel growth mechanisms, such as sprouting angiogenesis, non-angiogenesis dependent growth, intussusceptive microvascular growth, vascular co-option and vasculogenic mimicry. The second and third parts, entitled Clinical Implications and Therapeutic Implications are dedicated to translating recent findings in this field to patient treatment and healthcare. This book is a valuable source for cancer researchers, oncologists, graduate students and members of the biomedical field who are interested in tumor progression and blood vessels. Explains new, non-orthodox concepts recently developed and related to the modality of growth of tumor blood vessels Provides information on the types of angiogenesis, non-angiogenesis dependent growth and vascular co-option, discussing both their similarities and differences Encompasses a discussion on clinical implications of tumor vascularization to translate research findings into treatment
Download or read book PET CT in Colorectal Cancer written by Yong Du and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a pocket guide to the science and practice of PET/CT imaging of colorectal malignancies. The role of PET/CT in these patients, the characteristic PET/CT findings, and the advantages and limitations of this hybrid modality are all clearly described. In addition, information is provided on clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging, pathology, management, and radiological imaging. The book is published within the Springer series Clinicians' Guides to Radionuclide Hybrid Imaging, which is aimed at nuclear medicine/radiology residents and physicians, referring clinicians, radiographers/technologists, and nurses who routinely work in nuclear medicine and participate in multidisciplinary meetings. Compiled under the auspices of the British Nuclear Medicine Society, the series is the joint work of many colleagues and professionals worldwide who share a common vision and purpose in promoting and supporting nuclear medicine as an important imaging specialty for the diagnosis and management of oncological and non-oncological conditions.
Download or read book Biotechnologies for Cancer Diagnostics written by Kiwook Hwang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents the development of chip-based technology for informative in vitro cancer diagnostics. In the first part of this thesis, I will present my contribution in the development of a technology called "Nucleic Acid Cell Sorting (NACS)", based on microarrays composed of nucleic acid encoded peptide major histocompatibility complexes (p/MHC), and the experimental and theoretical methods to detect and analyze secreted proteins from single or few cells. Secondly, a novel portable platform for imaging of cellular metabolism with radio probes is presented. A microfluidic chip, so called "Radiopharmaceutical Imaging Chip" (RIMChip), combined with a beta-particle imaging camera, is developed to visualize the uptake of radio probes in a small number of cells. Due to its sophisticated design, RIMChip allows robust and user-friendly execution of sensitive and quantitative radio assays. The performance of this platform is validated with adherent and suspension cancer cell lines. This platform is then applied to study the metabolic response of cancer cells under the treatment of drugs. Both cases of mouse lymphoma and human glioblastoma cell lines, the metabolic responses to the drug exposures are observed within a short time (ä 1 hour), and are correlated with the arrest of cell-cycle, or with changes in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. The last parts of this thesis present summaries of ongoing projects: development of a new agent as an in vivo imaging probe for c-MET, and quantitative monitoring of glycolytic metabolism of primary glioblastoma cells. To develop a new agent for c-MET imaging, the one-bead-one-compound combinatorial library method is used, coupled with iterative screening. The performance of the agent is quantitatively validated with cell-based fluorescent assays. In the case of monitoring the metabolism of primary glioblastoma cell, by RIMChip, cells were sorting according to their expression levels of oncoprotein, or were treated with different kinds of drugs to study the metabolic heterogeneity of cancer cells or metabolic response of glioblastoma cells to drug treatments, respectively.
Download or read book The Tumour Microenvironment written by Jamie A. Goode and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2001-11-28 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ergebnisse von in vitro-Studien lassen vermuten, dass sich der pH-Wert in einem Tumor auf die Wirksamkeit von Chemo- oder Strahlentherapien auswirken kann. Wie aber sieht die Beziehung zwischen der Tumorentwicklung und dem pH-Wert aus? Können ein niedriger pH-Wert oder ein Sauerstoffmangel die Carcinogenese hemmen? Wo bieten sich therapeutische Ansätze? Anwort auf diese und andere Fragen finden Sie in diesem Band. In interdisziplinärer Weise wurden Beiträge aus der Grundlagenforschung und der klinischen Praxis zusammengetragen.
