Download or read book Imaging Light with Photoelectrons on the Nano Femto Scale written by Yanan Dai and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents significant advances in the imaging and theory of the ultrafast dynamics of surface plasmon polariton fields. The author details construction of a sub-10 femtosecond and sub-10 nanometer spatiotemporal resolution ultrafast photoemission microscope which is subsequently used for the discovery of topological meron and skyrmion-like plasmonic quasiparticles. In particular, this enabled the creation of movies of the surface plasmon polariton fields evolving on sub-optical wavelength scales at around 0.1 femtosecond per image frame undergoing vortex phase evolution. The key insight that the transverse spin of surface plasmon polaritons undergoes a texturing into meron or skyrmion-like topological quasiparticles (defined by the geometric charge of the preparation) follows. In addition, this thesis develops an analytical theory of these new topological quasiparticles, opening new avenues of research, while the ultrafast microscopy techniques established within will also be broadly applicable to studies of nanoscale optical excitations in electronic materials.
Download or read book Photosynergetic Responses in Molecules and Molecular Aggregates written by Hiroshi Miyasaka and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-05 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book compiles the accomplishments of the recent research project on photochemistry “Photosynergetics”, supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, aiming to develop and elucidate new methods and molecules leading to advanced utilization of photo-energies. Topics include photochemical responses induced by multiple excitation, multiphoton absorption, strong modulation of electronic states, developments of new photofunctional molecules, mesoscopic actuations induced by photoexcitation, and novel photoresponses in molecules and molecular assemblies. The authors stress that these approaches based on the synergetic interaction among many photons and many molecules enable the expansion of the accessibility to specific electronic states. As well, they explain how the development of reaction sequences and molecules/molecular assemblies ensure “additivity” and “integration” without loss of the photon energy, leading to new photoresponsive assemblies in meso- and macroscopic scales.
Download or read book Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications written by Chunlei Guo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-06-23 with total page 733 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive handbook gives a fully updated guide to lasers and laser technologies, including the complete range of their technical applications. This third volume covers modern applications in engineering and technology, including all new and updated case studies spanning telecommunications and data storage to medicine, optical measurement, defense and security, nanomaterials processing and characterization. Key Features: • Offers a complete update of the original, bestselling work, including many brand-new chapters. • Deepens the introduction to fundamentals, from laser design and fabrication to host matrices for solid-state lasers, energy level diagrams, hosting materials, dopant energy levels, and lasers based on nonlinear effects. • Covers new laser types, including quantum cascade lasers, silicon-based lasers, titanium sapphire lasers, terahertz lasers, bismuth-doped fiber lasers, and diode-pumped alkali lasers. • Discusses the latest applications, e.g., lasers in microscopy, high-speed imaging, attosecond metrology, 3D printing, optical atomic clocks, time-resolved spectroscopy, polarization and profile measurements, pulse measurements, and laser-induced fluorescence detection. • Adds new sections on laser materials processing, laser spectroscopy, lasers in imaging, lasers in environmental sciences, and lasers in communications. This handbook is the ideal companion for scientists, engineers, and students working with lasers, including those in optics, electrical engineering, physics, chemistry, biomedicine, and other relevant areas.
Download or read book Nonlinear X Ray Spectroscopy for Materials Science written by Iwao Matsuda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-15 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray experiments have been used widely in materials science, and conventional spectroscopy has been based on linear responses in light–matter interactions. Recent development of ultrafast light sources of tabletop lasers and X-ray free electron lasers reveals nonlinear optical phenomena in the X-ray region, and the measurement signals have been found to carry a further wealth of information on materials. This book overviews such nonlinear X-ray spectroscopy and its related issues for materials science. Each chapter is written by pioneers in the field and skillfully reviews the topics of nonlinear spectroscopy including X-ray multi-photon absorption and X-ray second harmonic generation. The chapters are divided depending on photon wavelength, ranging from extreme ultraviolet to (soft) X-ray. To facilitate readers’ comprehensive understanding, some of the chapters cover the conventional linear X-ray spectroscopy and basic principles of the non-linear responses. The book is mainly accessible as a primer for junior/senior- or graduate-level readers, and it also serves as a useful reference or guide even for established researchers in optical spectroscopy. The book offers readers opportunities to benefit from cutting-edge research in this new area of nonlinear X-ray spectroscopy.
Download or read book Nanophotonics with Surface Plasmons written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-18 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current developments in optical technologies are being directed toward nanoscale devices with subwavelength dimensions, in which photons are manipulated on the nanoscale. Although light is clearly the fastest means to send information to and from the nanoscale, there is a fundamental incompatibility between light at the microscale and devices and processes at the nanoscale. Nanostructured metals which support surface plasmon modes can concentrate electromagnetic (EM) fields to a small fraction of a wavelength while enhancing local field strengths by several orders of magnitude. For this reason, plasmonic nanostructures can serve as optical couplers across the nano–micro interface: metal–dielectric and metal–semiconductor nanostructures can act as optical nanoantennae and enhance light matter coupling in nanoscale devices. This book describes how one can fully integrate plasmonic nanostructures into dielectric, semiconductor, and molecular photonic devices, for guiding photons across the nano–micro interface and for detecting molecules with unsurpassed sensitivity. ·Nanophotonics and Nanoplasmonics·Metamaterials and negative-index materials·Plasmon-enhanced sensing and spectroscopy·Imaging and sensing on the nanoscale·Metal Optics
Download or read book Aberration Corrected Photoemission Electron Microscopy with Photonics Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) uses photoelectrons excited from material surfaces by incident photons to probe the interaction of light with surfaces with nanometer-scale resolution. The point resolution of PEEM images is strongly limited by spherical and chromatic aberration. Image aberrations primarily originate from the acceleration of photoelectrons and imaging with the objective lens and vary strongly in magnitude with specimen emission characteristics. Spherical and chromatic aberration can be corrected with an electrostatic mirror, and here I develop a triode mirror with hyperbolic geometry that has two adjacent, field-adjustable regions. I present analytic and numerical models of the mirror and show that the optical properties agree to within a few percent. When this mirror is coupled with an electron lens, it can provide a large dynamic range of correction and the coefficients of spherical and chromatic aberration can be varied independently. I report on efforts to realize a triode mirror corrector, including design, characterization, and alignment in our microscope at Portland State University (PSU). PEEM may be used to investigate optically active nanostructures, and we show that photoelectron emission yields can be identified with diffraction, surface plasmons, and dielectric waveguiding. Furthermore, we find that photoelectron micrographs of nanostructured metal and dielectric structures correlate with electromagnetic field calculations. We conclude that photoemission is highly spatially sensitive to the electromagnetic field intensity, allowing the direct visualization of the interaction of light with material surfaces at nanometer scales and over a wide range of incident light frequencies.
Download or read book Chip scale Plasmonic Resonant Nanostructures written by Liang Feng and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanophotonics is finding myriad applications in information technology, health care, lighting and sensing. Plasmonics, as one of the most rapidly growing fields in nanophotonics, has great potential to revolutionize many applications in nanophotonics, including bio-sensing, imaging, lighting, photolithography and magnetic recording. In this dissertation, we explore the electrodynamics of plasmonic fields on different structured metallic chips and demonstrate how to manipulate light from nano to micro scale on the structure plasmonic chips. It is highly desired to excite and control propagation of surface plasmon polariton fields in a systematic fashion as it is possible with optical fields both in free space and dielectric waveguides. To accomplish this goal, we developed the design methodology compatible with the conventional Fourier optical devices, investigated on-chip plasmonic metamaterials with novel material response and functionalities, as well as constructed sophisticated chip-scale integration of different optical element. We begin by discussing the fundamentals of plasmonic fields and modal propagation properties. We next investigate a metallic metamaterial showing form-birefringence by engineering the inherent metal properties on nanoscale, and experimentally characterized their supported plasmonic index ellipsoids. We present novel experimental and analytic results of plasmonic nano metamaterials allowing excitation of plasmonic fields by transverse electric polarized incidence, complementing so far demonstrated transverse magnetic polarized excitation. We further construct a plasmonic photonic crystal to manipulate the propagating plasmonic field on a micro scale. On a lager sub-millimeter scale, we experimentally validated the feasibility of Fourier plasmonics, demonstrating possibilities of miniaturizing the conventional bulky optical devices on small plasmonic chips. We ultimately integrate various photonic components on different scales and provide an approach for efficiently using resonant plasmonic phenomena to achieve nanoscale optical field localization.
Download or read book Nanoscale Scale Imaging of Photoexcited States Using Electron Microscopy written by Ze Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seeing is believing. The ability to directly visualize things greatly deepens people's knowledge and advances researches in many fields. Apart from resolving tiny things, optical imaging can also provide spectroscopy information which offers fundamental insights into the energy states of matter. As research develops at the nanoscale, these energy states are often a↵ected by nanostructuring and local defects of the sample. An imaging tool that can provide optical information with nanometerscale spatial resolution will o↵er fundamental insights, greatly enhance our ability to design novel materials, and advance research in a wealth of areas, including but not limited to optoelectronics, quantum materials, defect engineering, surface catalysis, and molecular biology.Many optical spectroscopy and imaging techniques like Raman, photoluminescence, and infrared spectroscopy are widely used for materials characterization. Visible photons have energies (meV to eV) match with those of the energy states inside the material and thus process excellent spectral selectivity. However, the spatial resolution of traditional optical techniques is diffraction-limited by the wavelength of light used, which is hundreds of nanometers to microns. Although various techniques such scanning probe techniques in the near field and super-resolution techniques in the far-field have been developed to overcome this di↵raction limit and reached ⇠10 nm resolution, these techniques require fluorescent labels or a sharp scanning tip, which limits their application.On the other hand, modern scanning or transmission electron microscopes (SEM or TEM) can readily achieve nanometer and angstrom spatial resolution using 1-300 keV high-energy electrons. However, the energy mismatch between such high-energy electrons and the energy states inside the sample makes high spectral resolution challenging for electron microscopes. Only very recently can some state-of-the-art electron monochromator achieve meV energy resolution, but this requires expensive and specialized instruments. Nanometer and atomic resolution label-free imaging with v optical information has remained a major scientific challenge.In the work presented in this thesis, we developed a new imaging technique named PhotoAbsorption Microscopy using ELectron Analysis (PAMELA). PAMELA combines the high spectral selectivity of photoexcitation and the high spatial resolution of electron microscopes to o↵er nanometer-scale imaging with optical information. We implement PAMELA on two platforms, an SEM and a TEM, to demonstrate optical imaging first below the optical di↵raction limit and eventually at the atomic scale resolution.For PAMELA-SEM, we experimentally demonstrate spectrally specific photoabsorption imaging with sub-20 nanometer spatial resolution using various semiconductor and metal nanoparticles. The photoabsorption-induced contrast mechanism is attributed to surface photovoltage which modulates the secondary electron emission. Theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulations are performed to explain the trends of the signal observed.For PAMELA-TEM, we discuss the possibility of imaging photoexcited states with atomic-scale resolution. We design an experimental set-up based on high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and use ab initio together with HRTEM simulations to calculate the imaging conditions required for a few model systems, including defects in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and core-shell quantum dots.PAMELA techniques are based on photoabsorption which is the first and fundamental step in lightmatter interactions: every atom or molecule absorbs photons but only a few fluoresce. Photoabsorption contains rich information about the electronic structure and vibrational and rotational modes of materials. We believe PAMELA will o↵er new opportunities for nanometer-scale optical spectroscopic imaging and material characterization.
Download or read book Molecules in Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets written by Alkwin Slenczka and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-28 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book covers recent advances in experiments using the ultra-cold, very weakly perturbing superfluid environment provided by helium nanodroplets for high resolution spectroscopic, structural and dynamic studies of molecules and synthetic clusters. The recent infra-red, UV-Vis studies of radicals, molecules, clusters, ions and biomolecules, as well as laser dynamical and laser orientational studies, are reviewed. The Coulomb explosion studies of the uniquely quantum structures of small helium clusters, X-ray imaging of large droplets and electron diffraction of embedded molecules are also described. Particular emphasis is given to the synthesis and detection of new species by mass spectrometry and deposition electron microscopy.
Download or read book Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 4D Electron Microscopy written by Ahmed H. Zewail and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural phase transitions, mechanical deformations, and the embryonic stages of melting and crystallization are examples of phenomena that can now be imaged in unprecedented structural detail with high spatial resolution, and ten orders of magnitude as fast as hitherto. No monograph in existence attempts to cover the revolutionary dimensions that EM in its various modes of operation nowadays makes possible. The authors of this book chart these developments, and also compare the merits of coherent electron waves with those of synchrotron radiation. They judge it prudent to recall some important basic procedural and theoretical aspects of imaging and diffraction so that the reader may better comprehend the significance of the new vistas and applications now afoot. This book is not a vade mecum - numerous other texts are available for the practitioner for that purpose.
Download or read book Advances in Near Field Optics written by Reuven Gordon and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-15 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together tutorial-style expository chapters on both foundational material and current research areas in near-field optics. The starting point for the book was the Summer School at the 16th International Conference on Near-Field Optics, Nanophotonics and Related Techniques (2022), with each Summer School short course represented by a chapter, along with an additional specially selected chapter on a complementary topic. Together, the chapters within present a modern perspective of the area of near-field optics, focusing on recent theoretical approaches, but also capturing the evolution of the field. Each chapter is written by an internationally-recognized expert and provides a tutorial on a different aspects of the theory and analytical methods for near-field optics, nanophotonics, and plasmonics. While the material will be accessible at the graduate level, it will also provide a useful reference for established researchers in near-field optics and scientists in nearby fields.
Download or read book The Chemical Bond written by Ahmed Zewail and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1992-05-14 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This inspired book by some of the most influential scientists of our time--including six Nobel laureates--chronicles our emerging understanding of the chemical bond through the last nine decades and into the future. From Pauling's early structural work using x-ray and electron diffraction to Zewail's femtosecond lasers that probe molecular dynamics in real time; from Crick's molecular biology to Rich's molecular recognition, this book explores a rich tradition of scientific heritage and accomplishment. The perspectives given by Pauling, Perutz, Rich, Crick, Porter, Polanyi, Herschbach, Zewail, and Bernstein celebrate major scientific achievements in chemistry and biology with the chemical bond playing a fundamental role. In a unique presentation that also provides some lively insights into the very nature of scientific thought and discovery, The Chemical Bond: Structure and Dynamics will be of general interest to scientists, science historians, and the scientifically inclined populous.
Download or read book Ultrafast Phenomena in Molecular Sciences written by Rebeca de Nalda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest developments in Femtosecond Chemistry and Physics for the study of ultrafast photo-induced molecular processes. Molecular systems, from the simplest H2 molecule to polymers or biological macromolecules, constitute central objects of interest for Physics, Chemistry and Biology, and despite the broad range of phenomena that they exhibit, they share some common behaviors. One of the most significant of those is that many of the processes involving chemical transformation (nuclear reorganization, bond breaking, bond making) take place in an extraordinarily short time, in or around the femtosecond temporal scale (1 fs = 10-15 s). A number of experimental approaches - very particularly the developments in the generation and manipulation of ultrashort laser pulses - coupled with theoretical progress, provide the ultrafast scientist with powerful tools to understand matter and its interaction with light, at this spatial and temporal scale. This book is an attempt to reunite some of the state-of-the-art research that is being carried out in the field of ultrafast molecular science, from theoretical developments, through new phenomena induced by intense laser fields, to the latest techniques applied to the study of molecular dynamics.
Download or read book Selected Papers on Scientific and Engineering High speed Photography written by Dennis L. Paisley and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 1995 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SPIE Milestones are collections of seminal papers from the world literature covering important discoveries and developments in optics and photonics.
Download or read book Hard X ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy HAXPES written by Joseph Woicik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-26 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the first complete and up-to-date summary of the state of the art in HAXPES and motivates readers to harness its powerful capabilities in their own research. The chapters are written by experts. They include historical work, modern instrumentation, theory and applications. This book spans from physics to chemistry and materials science and engineering. In consideration of the rapid development of the technique, several chapters include highlights illustrating future opportunities as well.
Download or read book Single Lens written by Brian J. Ford and published by HarperCollins Publishers. This book was released on 1985 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mikroskop / Geschichte.
